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Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek Mejstrík Martin Svatek Martina Pollastrini Martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and diversity.Regenerating trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting ability.Although both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional differences.However,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly understood.To address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest development.Data were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per hectare.All trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years later.In addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was identified.To assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric equations.Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual trees.Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species composition.AGB and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed regeneration.Sprouts formed on average97.1%of the total regeneration AGB in H ady and 98.6%in

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

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Tubularized incised plateurethroplasty and grafted tubularized incised plate urethroplasty: systematic review, metaanalysis and trial sequential analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 10-19页

作者： Nitinkumar Borkar Charu Tiwari Abhijit Nair Debajyoti Mohanty C k Sinha Jai kumar Mahajan Paediatric Surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences-RaipurRaipurChhattisgardhIndia Department of Anaesthesiology Ibra HospitalbraOman General Surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences-RaipurRaipurChhattisgardhIndia Paediatric Surgery St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Pediatric Surgery PGIMERChandigarhIndia

Background Hypospadias is one of the most common genital birth defects.There are around 300 various techniques available for the repair of hypospadias.This study aims to compare the reported outcomes of Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty(TIP)and Grafted TIP(GTIP)repair in children undergoing primary hypospadiasrepair.Methods This meta-analysisadhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,and we framed our research question using the population,intervention,control and outcomes format.We conducted comprehensive electronic searches across various databases,employing a Boolean search strategy with predefined search terms.Only randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included for quantitative analysis.Results Totally,10 RCTs met our inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis.The results indicated that urethrocutaneous fistula,glans dehiscence,and stricture rates were comparable between the two groups.The incidence of meatal stenosis was found to be significantly lower in the GTIP group with a relative risk(RR)of 0.32(95%confidence interval(Cl)0.15 to 0.67).Conclusion The coucomes UCF,glans dehiscence,and stricture rates were comparable between the two groups.Notably,the incidence of meatal stenosis was found to be significantly lower in the grafted TIP group.In terms of operative time,our quantitative synthesis demonstrated that the TIP group had a shorter operative time than the GTIP group with significant heterogeneity.

关键词： plate grafted analysis

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Post-urethroplasty complications in hypospadias repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing, polydioxanone and polyglactin sutures

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： Nitinkumar Borkar Charu Tiwari Debajyoti Mohanty Tridip Dutta Baruah Manoj Mohanty C k Sinha Pediatric Surgery All India Instituteof Medical Sciences-RaipurRaipurChhattisgardhIndia General Surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences-RaipurRaipurChhattisgardhIndia Pediatric Surgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences-BhubaneswarBhubaneswarOrissaIndia St George's University of London LondonUK

Background Polyglactin(PG)and polydioxanone(PDS)sutures are extensively used based on the surgeon's preference.The development of post-reconstruction urethrocutaneous fistula(UCF)is variably attributed to the choice of suture material for urethroplasty.This meta-an alysiscompares complications of hypospadia srepair using PGand PDS sutures.Methods The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.The authors conducted thorough searches in databases including MEDLINE,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Scopus,Google Scholar,and clinical trial registries.Outcome measures included UCF,meatal stenosis,wound infection,urethral stricture,glans dehiscence,and overall complications.Quantitative analysis was used with fixed or random-effect models to find the pooled risk ratio and I2 heterogeneity.Results The criteria for inclusion were met by five comparative studies with the inclusion of 1244 children altogether.Pooled analysis failed to show a statistically significant difference in the incidence of meatal stenosis,urethral stricture,wound infection,and total complications using PG and PDS sutures.However,it showed a reduction in the incidence of UCF with PDS suture hypospadias repairs(risk ratio=0.66,95%Cl 0.48 to 0.92).Conclusions PDS sutures are associated with decreased incidence of UCF than PG after hypospadias repair.The incidence of meatal stenosis,urethral stricture,wound infection,and total complications was not affected by the type of suture material used for repair.Clinical implications This meta-analysis suggests decreased incidence of UCF when PDS sutures are used for hypospadias repair which may impact the choice of suturematerialforrepair.

关键词： complications wound suture

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Investigation of Microstructure, Microhardness and Thermal Properties of Ag-In Intermetallic Alloys Prepared by Vacuum Arc Meltings

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第1期39卷 182-187页

作者： ÇELİk Erçevik ATA ESENER Pınar ÖZTÜRk Esra AkSÖZ Sezen Nevşehir HacıBektaşVeli University Department of Physics50300NevşehirTurkey Erciyes University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences38039KayseriTurkey kocaeli University Department of Physics41380KocaeliTurkey

Ag-In intermetallic alloys were produced by using vacuum arc furnace. Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry(EDX) were used to determine the thermal properties and chemical composition of the phases respectively. Microhardness values of Ag-In intermetallics were calculated with Vickers hardness measurement method. According to the experimental results, Ag-34 wt%In intermetallic system generated the best results of energy saving and storage compared to other intermetallic systems. Also from the microhardness results, it was observed that intermetallic alloys were harder than pure silver and Ag-26 wt%In system had the highest microhardness value with 143.45 kg/mm^(2).

关键词： thermal properties microstructure characterization microhardness alloys material characterization

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Methodological considerations of priming repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols in clinical populations

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 173-176页

作者： Jack Jiaqi Zhang Zhongfei Bai kenneth N k Fong Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Centre) School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

INTRODUCTION Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)is a neuroplasticity-enhancing technique that modifies brain responsiveness to various therapeutic modalities in clinical psychiatric and neurological applications. Furthermore,its effect can be attributed to long-term potentiation(LTP)or longterm depression(LTD)-like neuroplasticity.However,responsiveness to rTMS is largely variable in healthy and pathological brains and is mediated by complex biological mechanisms.Metaplasticity refers to a higher-order plasticity mechanism in which the direction and magnitude of synaptic plasticity are modified by prior neuronal activity and is believed to be a significant factor leading to the response variability of rTMs.

关键词： stimulation clinical transcranial

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Uncertainty-Aware Deep Learning: A Promising Tool for Trustworthy Fault Diagnosis

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第6期11卷 1317-1330页

作者： Jiaxin Ren Jingcheng Wen Zhibin Zhao Ruqiang Yan Xuefeng Chen Asoke k.Nandi School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Brunel University LondonKingston LaneUxbridgeUB83PHUK IEEE

Recently,intelligent fault diagnosis based on deep learning has been extensively investigated,exhibiting state-of-the-art performance.However,the deep learning model is often not truly trusted by users due to the lack of interpretability of“black box”,which limits its deployment in safety-critical applications.A trusted fault diagnosis system requires that the faults can be accurately diagnosed in most cases,and the human in the deci-sion-making loop can be found to deal with the abnormal situa-tion when the models fail.In this paper,we explore a simplified method for quantifying both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in deterministic networks,called SAEU.In SAEU,Multivariate Gaussian distribution is employed in the deep architecture to compensate for the shortcomings of complexity and applicability of Bayesian neural networks.Based on the SAEU,we propose a unified uncertainty-aware deep learning framework(UU-DLF)to realize the grand vision of trustworthy fault diagnosis.Moreover,our UU-DLF effectively embodies the idea of“humans in the loop”,which not only allows for manual intervention in abnor-mal situations of diagnostic models,but also makes correspond-ing improvements on existing models based on traceability analy-sis.Finally,two experiments conducted on the gearbox and aero-engine bevel gears are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of UU-DLF and explore the effective reasons behind.

关键词： Out-of-distribution detection traceability analysis trustworthy fault diagnosis uncertainty quantification.

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Enhanced Cuckoo Search Optimization Technique for Skin Cancer Diagnosis Application

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第3期35卷 3403-3413页

作者： S.Ayshwarya lakshmi k.Anandavelu Department of Computer Science and Engineering University College of Engineering Panruti607106TamilnaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering MRK Institute of TechnologyCuddalore608301TamilnaduIndia

Skin cancer segmentation is a critical task in a clinical decision support system for skin cancer detection.The suggested enhanced cuckoo search based optimization model will be used to evaluate several metrics in the skin cancer pic-ture segmentation process.Because time and resources are always limited,the proposed enhanced cuckoo search optimization algorithm is one of the most effec-tive strategies for dealing with global optimization difﬁculties.One of the most signiﬁcant requirements is to design optimal solutions to optimize their use.There is no particular technique that can answer all optimization issues.The proposed enhanced cuckoo search optimization method indicates a constructive precision for skin cancer over with all image segmentation in computerized diagnosis.The accuracy of the proposed enhanced cuckoo search based optimization for melanoma has increased with a 23%to 29%improvement than other optimization algorithm.The total sensitivity and speciﬁcity attained in the proposed system are 99.56%and 99.73%respectively.The proposed method outperforms by offering accuracy of 99.26%in comparisons to other conventional methods.The proposed enhanced optimization technique achieved 98.75%,98.96%for Dice and Jaccard coefﬁcient.The model trained using the suggested measure outperforms those trained using the conventional method in the segmentation of skin cancer picture data.

关键词： Cukoo search optimization technique ﬁtness function cancer

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Supposition of graphene stacks to estimate the contact resistance and conductivity of nanocomposites

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： Y.ZARE M.T.MUNIR G.J.WENG k.Y.RHEE Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Department of Mechanical Engineering(Bk21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously reported.The contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are modeled by several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact diameter.The developed model's accuracy is verified through numerous experimental measurements.To further validate the models and establish correlations between parameters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are analyzed.Notably,the contact resistance is primarily dependent on the polymer tunnel resistivity,contact area,and tunneling size.The dimensions of the graphene nanosheets significantly influence the conductivity,which ranges from 0 S/m to90 S/m.An increased number of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them enhance the nanocomposite's conductivity.Furthermore,the thicker interphase and smaller tunneling size can lead to higher sample conductivity due to their optimistic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.

关键词： graphene polymer composite stacked nanosheet tunneling conductivity contact resistance interphase

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Stability Analysis of DC Microgrid Clusters Based on Step-by-step System Matrix Building Algorithm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 900-912页

作者： k.Jithin N.Mayadevi R.Hari kumar V.P.Mini IEEE the Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (APJAKTU) Senior Member

DC microgrids(DCMGs) are made up of a network of sources and loads that are connected by a number of power electronic converters(PECs). The increase in the number of these PECs instigates major concerns in system stability. While interconnecting the microgrids to form a cluster, the system stability must be ensured. This paper proposes a novel stepby-step system matrix building(SMB) algorithm to update the system matrix of an existing DCMG cluster when a new microgrid is added to the cluster through a distribution line. The stability of the individual DCMGs and the DCMG cluster is analyzed using the eigenvalue method. Further, the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is used to retune the controller gains if the newly formed cluster is not stable. The simulation of the DCMG cluster is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment to test the proposed algorithm. The results are also validated using the OP4510 real-time simulator(RTS).

关键词： Power system stability Stability criteria Microgrids Transfer functions Clustering algorithms Voltage control Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Climate bonds toward achieving net zero emissions and carbon neutrality:Evidence from machine learning technique

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2024年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Hermas Abudu Presley k.Wesseh Jr. Boqiang Lin College of Overseas Education Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106SichuanChina School of Management China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyCollaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityFujian361005China Center for African Development Strategy(CFADS) MonroviaLiberia

The Conference of the Parties(COP26 and 27)placed significant emphasis on climate financing policies with the objective of achieving net zero emissions and carbon neutrality.However,studies on the implementation of this policy proposition are limited.To address this gap in the literature,this study employs machine learning techniques,specifically natural language processing(NLP),to examine 77 climate bond(CB)policies from 32 countries within the context of climate financing.The findings indicate that“sustainability”and“carbon emissions control”are the most outlined policy objectives in these CB policies.Additionally,the study highlights that most CB funds are invested toward energy projects(i.e.,renewable,clean,and efficient initiatives).However,there has been a notable shift in the allocation of CB funds from climate-friendly energy projects to the construction sector between 2015 and 2019.This shift raises concerns about the potential redirection of funds from climate-focused investments to the real estate industry,potentially leading to the greenwashing of climate funds.Furthermore,policy sentiment analysis revealed that a minority of policies hold skeptical views on climate change,which may negatively influence climate actions.Thus,the findings highlight that the effective implementation of CB policies depends on policy goals,objectives,and sentiments.Finally,this study contributes to the literature by employing NLP techniques to understand policy sentiments in climate financing.

关键词： Climate bonds funds utilization Climate bonds policy text mining Machine learning technique Net zero emissions Policy sentiment analysis

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