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Lipid reserves and immune defense in healthy and diseased migrating monarchs Danaus plexippus

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 393-402页

作者： Dara A. SATTeRFIeLD Amy e. wright Sonia ALTIZeR Odum School of ecology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Recent studies suggest that the energetic demands of long-distance migration might lower the pool of resources available for costly immune defenses. Moreover, migration could amplify the costs of parasitism if animals suffering from para- site-induced damage or depleted energy reserves are less able to migrate long distances. We investigated relationships between long-distance migration, infection, and immunity in wild fall-migrating monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus. Monarchs migrate annually from eastern North America to central Mexico, accumulating lipids essential for migration and winter survival as they travel southward. Monarchs are commonly infected by the debilitating protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha （Oe）. We collected data on lipid reserves, parasite loads, and two immune measures （hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity） from wild monarchs migrating through north GA （USA） to ask whether （1） parasite infection negatively affects lipid reserves, and （2） greater investment in lipid reserves is associated with lower immune measures. Results showed that monarchs sampled later in the fall migration had lower but not significantly different immune measures and significantly higher lipid reserves than those sampled earlier. Lipid measures correlated negatively but only nearly significantly with one measure of immune defense （phenoloxidase activity） in both healthy and infected monarchs, but did not depend on monarch infection status or parasite load. These results provide weak support for a trade-off between energy reserves and immune defense in migrants, and suggest that previously-demonstrated costs of Oe infection for monarch migration are not caused by depleted lipid reserves .

关键词： Butterfly Hemocytes Migration Neogregarine Infection energy reserves

Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: A review

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2008年第1期20卷 14-27页

作者： Hongqun Yang Zhenghe Xu Maohong Fan Rajender Gupta Rachid B Slimane Alan e Bland Ian wright Department of Chemical and Materials engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G2G6 Canada School of Materials Science and Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA Gas Technology Institute Des Plaines IL 60018 USA Western Research Institute Laramie Wyoming 82072 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box 2008 Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such as chemical-looping combustion and hydrate-based separation are also introduced briefly. Future directions are suggested. Sequestration methods, such as forestation, ocean fertilization and mineral carbonation techniques are also covered. Underground injection and direct ocean dump are not covered.

关键词： coal flue gas carbon dioxide sorbent absorption adsorption membrane separation sequestration

Full Wave Simulations of Lower Hybrid Waves in Toroidal Geometry with Non-Maxwellian electrons

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第8期4卷 545-555页

作者： J.C.wright e.J.Valeo C.k.Phillips P.T.Bonoli M.Brambilla MIT–Plasma Science Fusion Center CambridgeMAUSA Plasma Physics Laboratory PrincetonNJUSA Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics Garching Germany

Analysis of the propagation of waves in the lower hybrid range of frequencies in the past has been done using ray tracing and the WkB *** in algorithms and the availability of massively parallel computer architectures has permitted the solving of theMaxwell-Vlasov systemforwave propagation directly[wright et al.,***(2004),11,2473-2479].These simulations have shown that the bridging of the spectral gap(the difference between the high injected phase velocities and the slower phase velocity at which damping on electrons occurs)can be explained by the diffraction effects captured in the full wave algorithm-an effect missing in WkB based ***,these full wave calculations were done with a Maxwellian electron distribution and the presence of RF power induces quasilinear velocity space diffusion that causes distortions away from an *** sufficient power,a flattened region or plateau is formed between the point of most efficient damping on electrons at about 2-3 vthe and where collisional and quasilinear diffusion *** address this discrepancy and better model experiment,we have implemented[Valeo et al.,”Full-wave Simulations of LH wave propagation in toroidal plasma with non-Maxwellian electron distributions”,18th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas,AIP Conference Proceedings(2007)]a non-Maxwellian dielectric in our full wave *** will show how these effects modify the electron absorption relative to what is found for a Maxwellian distribution.

关键词： Simulation parallel wave-equation plasma lowerhybrid

Nocardiopsistins A-C:New angucyclines with anti-MRSA activity isolated from a marine sponge-derived Nocardiopsis ***-J378

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2018年第4期3卷 246-251页

作者： Dongbo Xu keshav k.Nepal Jing Chen Dedra Harmody Haining Zhu Peter J.McCarthy Amy e.wright Guojun Wang Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Florida Atlantic University5600 US 1 NorthFort PierceFL34946United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry University of Kentucky741 South LimestoneLexingtonKY40536United States

Marine natural products have become an increasingly important source of new drug leads during recent *** an attempt to identify novel anti-microbial natural products by bioprospecting deep-sea Actinobacteria,three new angucyclines,nocardiopsistins A-C,were isolated from Nocardiopsis *** ***,the supplementation of the rare earth salt Lanthanum chloride(LaCl3)during fermentation of HB-J378 significantly increased the yield of these *** structures of nocardiopsistins A-C were identified by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-MS *** A-C have activity against MRSA(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)with MICs of 3.12–12.5μg/mL;the potency of nocardiopsistin B is similar to that of the positive control,*** analysis of the draft genome of HB-J378 identified a set of three core genes in a biosynthetic gene cluster that encode a typical aromatic or type II polyketide synthase(PkS)system,including ketoacyl:ACP synthaseα-subunit(kSα),β-subunit(kSβ)and acyl carrier protein(ACP).The production of nocardiopsistins A-C was abolished when the three genes were knocked out,indicating their indispensable role in the production of nocardiopsistins.

关键词： Nocardiopsis Nocardiopsistins Angucycline Anti-MRSA Actinobacteria LaCl_(3)

Soil enzyme Activities and Organic Matter Composition Affected by 26 Years of Continuous Cropping

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 618-625页

作者： Fugen DOU Alan L.wright Rao S.MYLAVARAPU JIANG Xianjun John e.MATOCHA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont BeaumontTX 77713(USA) University of Florida Indian River Research&Education CenterFt.PierceFL 34945(USA) University of Florida Soil&Water Science Dept.GainesvilleFL 32611(USA) Southwest University College of Resources and EnvironmentChongqing(China) Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension CenterCorpus ChristiTX 78406(USA)

The study was to determine the long-term effects of subtropical monoculture and rotational cropping systems and fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil C, N, and P levels. Cropping systems included continuous sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.), cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn(Zea mays L.), and cotton/sorghum rotations after 26 years of treatment imposition. Soil under continuous sorghum and continuous corn had 15% and 11%, respectively, greater C concentrations than soil under continuous *** C was 10% higher at 0–7.5 cm than at 7.5–15 cm. Total N followed similar trends with soil depth as organic C. Continuous sorghum had 19% higher total N than other crop species and rotations. With fertilization, continuous cotton had the highest total P at 0–7.5 cm and sorghum had the highest at 7.5–15 cm. Soil total P was 14% higher at 0–7.5 than at 7.5–15 cm, and fertilization increased 15% total P compared to unfertilized soil. Arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase, and β-d-glucosidase activity were the highest for sorghum and the lowest for cotton. Rotation increased enzyme activities compared to continuous cotton but not for continuous sorghum. Of all crop species and rotations, continuous cotton generally showed the lowest levels of organic matter and enzyme activities after 26 years. Fertilization significantly increased the yields for all cropping systems, but rotation had no significant effect on either sorghum or cotton lint yield compared to each crop grown in monoculture. Long-term cropping did not increase soil organic matter levels beyond short-term gains, indicating the difficulty in promoting C sequestration in subtropical soils.

关键词： C sequestration fertilization monoculture rotation subtropical soil

evaluation on excess entropy Scaling Method Predicting Thermal Transport Properties of Liquid HFC/HFO Refrigerants

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1465-1475页

作者： WANG Xuehui wright edward GAO Neng LI Ying Fluids and Thermal engineering Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUK Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang UniversityNingbo315100China Research Centre for Fluids and Thermal engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China

The application of the excess entropy scaling(eeS)method to predict the viscosity,thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of HFC/HFO refrigerants is evaluated in this *** universal coefficients of the eeS model were firstly obtained from the properties of HFC refrigerants,and the accuracy of the model was further investigated with HFO *** was suggested that the eeS model correlated the viscosity very well with the average absolute deviations(AADs)of most HFC refrigerants lower than 6.55%except *** correlations also provided very good prediction on the viscosity for R1234yf and R1234ze(e),but not for R1336mzz(Z).The prediction of thermal conductivity for both HFC and HFO refrigerants was generally well with the maximum AAD of 11.44%.However,the paper also indicated that there were no universal thermal diffusivity coefficients for even HFC refrigerants,and the linear function could not fit the thermal diffusivity curve very ***,the exclusively two-order polynomial correlations based on the eeS model were presented for each HFC/HFO refrigerant.

关键词： excess entropy scaling HFO HFC transport properties refrigerants

Ureteroscopy and stones:Current status and future expectations

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World Journal of Nephrology 2014年第4期3卷 243-248页

作者： Anna e wright Nicholas J Rukin Bhaskar k Somani Department of Urology New Cross Hospital Department of Urology University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust

Urolithaisis is becoming an ever increasing urological,nephrological and primary care *** a lifetime prevalence approaching 10% and increasing morbidity due to stone disease,the role of ureteroscopy and stone removal is becoming more *** discuss the current status of stone disease and review the ever increasing role that ureteroscopy has to play in its *** discuss technological advances that have been made in stone management and give you an overview of when,how and why ureteroscopy is the most common treatment option for stone *** touch on the role of robotic ureteroscopy and the future of ureteroscopy in the next 10 years.

关键词： Ureteroscopy Techniques Ureteral stones Calculi Treatment Advances

Improving Sustainability by Privatizing Wildlife Conservation

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Natural Resources 2023年第4期14卷 45-64页

作者： Robert e. wright Research Department American Institute for Economic Research Great Barrington MA USA

The purpose of this study is to improve environmental sustainability by identifying the most sustainable/least fragile of the three major wildlife conservation access models—open, government, and private—under varying environmental and socioeconomic conditions. The private access model is the most sustainable of the three major conservation models because it provides the best information and incentives to balance the needs of humans and wildlife, maintain general wildlife habitat, and adapt quickly to changing environmental and/or socioeconomic conditions. Government-controlled access, however, can be employed as a model of last resort if the private access model shows signs of failing to protect specific species from local extirpation or extinction, which it is most likely to do for migratory species, species with close commercial substitutes, and species with no direct commercial value. Government regulators may also be needed to enforce property rights arrangements like catch shares and to monitor resources that remain open access in case socioeconomic or environmental conditions change sufficiently to trigger the tragedy of the commons. Most treatments of wildlife regulation default to various iterations of the government access model and fail even to consider the costs and benefits of private and open access models. The analysis here instead shows the conditions in which each conservation access model is most appropriate: open when a resource is in high supply and low demand, private most of the time, and government when the others fail to slow resource depopulation/depletion.

关键词： Wildlife Conservation Open Access Conservation Model Government Access Conservation Model Private Access Conservation Model extinction extirpation Incentives Information Habitat Sustainability

Prospect evaluation of Low-GWP Refrigerants R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)Used in Solar-Driven ejector-Vapor Compression Hybrid Refrigeration System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第5期30卷 1572-1580页

作者： WANG Xuehui YAN Yuying wright edward HAO Xinyue GAO Neng Fluids and Thermal engineering Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUK Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang UniversityNingbo315100China Research Centre for Fluids and Thermal engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo315100China

In this paper,the entrainment ratio,pump work,heat loads of heat exchangers and COPthermal were theoretically evaluated for a solar-driven ejector-vapor compression hybrid refrigeration system with R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)as the working *** evaluation of the utilization potentials of R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)was presented by comparing the system performance with that of R245fa,a commonly used refrigerant in the ejector *** results indicated that the systems with R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)had a higher entrainment ratio and lower pump *** pump works when using R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)can be up to 14.59%and 38.05%lower than those of R245fa,***,the system showed the highest COPthermal utilizing R1233zd(e)followed by that of R245fa,with the R1336mzz(Z)system having the lowest *** differences between R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)systems,R1233zd(e)and R245fa systems were 4.33%and 2.0%,*** paper was expected to provide a good reference for the utilizing prospect of R1233zd(e)and R1336mzz(Z)in ejector refrigeration systems.

关键词： low GWP alternative refrigerants ejector R1233zd(e) R1336mzz(Z)