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Impacts of PI3k/protein kinase b pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3k)/protein kinase b(AkT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κb serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3k/AkT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3k/AkT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3k/AkT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3k/AkT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3k/AkT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GAbA_b-GIRk assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro Martín-belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum biodiesel blends:Unleashing the Power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine Performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI Prasad b.RAMPURE Sunil kumar SHETTY Madeva nAGARAL Channa keshava nAIk n Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad AbDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MAnSOUR Shamshad ALAM kLE College of Engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological University nitte (Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical Engineering Aircraft Research and Design Centre HAL Department of Mechanical Engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Management and Science University Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud University

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al2O3nanoparticles in b20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest（RF）and Catboost) was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced brake Specific Fuel Consumption（bSFC） of2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester biodiesel 20%+neat Diesel 80%（in volume）,DSMEb20),57.14% less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased nOxemissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** b20nP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced brake Thermal Efficiency（bTE） of 26.29% in 3×10-5（in volume） Al2O3nanoparticle-blended DSME b20 and other DSME b20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures（bTE,bSFC）,and emissions（CO,CO2,nOx,Smoke） are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for bTE and bSFC shows that Catboost-based bTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO2emission results.

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An optimized ion trap geometry to measure quadrupole shifts of ^(171)Yb~＋ clocks

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Chinese Physics b 2016年第11期25卷 230-237页

作者： n batra b k Sahoo S De Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research CSIR-NPL Campus New Delhi India CSIR-national Physical Laboratory Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India Theoretical Physics Division Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380009 India

We propose a new ion-trap geometry to carry out accurate measurements of the quadrupole shifts in the （171）Yb *** trap will minimize the quadrupole shift due to the harmonic component of the confining potential by an order of *** will be useful to reduce the uncertainties in the clock frequency measurements of the 6s 2S（1/2）→4f（13）6s2 2F（7/2）and 6s 2S（1/2）→5d2D（3/2） transitions,from which we can deduce the precise values of the quadrupole moments（0s） of the 4f（13）6s2 2F（7/2） and 5d2D（3/2） ***,it may be able to affirm the validity of the measured 0 value of the4f（13）6s22F（7/2） state,for which three independent theoretical studies defer almost by one order of magnitude from the *** also calculate 0s using the relativistic coupled-cluster（RCC） *** use these 0 values to estimate the quadrupole shift that can be measured in our proposed ion trap experiment.

关键词： validity minimize carry clock relativistic precise deduce magnitude expectation spatially

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Flow, thermal, and vibration analysis using three dimensional finite element analysis for a flux reversal generator

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第4期10卷 424-440页

作者： b. VIDHYA k. n. SRInIVAS 1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering B. S. Abdur Rahman University Chennai 600048 India

This paper presents the simulation of major mechanical properties of a flux reversal generator （FRG） viz., computational fluid dynamic （CFD）, thermal, and vibration. A three-dimensional finite element analysis （FEA） based CFD technique for finding the spread of pressure and air velocity in air regions of the FRG is described. The results of CFD are mainly obtained to fine tune the thermal analysis. Thus, in this focus, a flow analysis assisted thermal analysis is presented to predict the steady state temperature distribution inside FRG. The heat transfer coefficient of all the heat producing inner walls of the machine are evaluated from CFD analysis, which forms the main factor for the prediction of accurate heat distribution. The vibration analysis is illustrated. Major vibration sources such as mechanical, magnetic and applied loads are covered elaborately which consists of a 3D modal analysis to find the natural frequency ofFRG, a 3D static stress analysis to predict the deformation of the stator, rotor and shaft for different speeds, and an unbalanced rotor harmonic analysis to find eccentricity of rotor to make sure that the vibration of the rotor is within the acceptable limits. Harmonic analysis such as sine sweep analysis to identify the range of speeds causing high vibrations and steady state vibration at a mode frequency of 1500 Hz is presented. The vibration analysis investi- gates the vibration of the FRG as a whole, which forms the contribution of this paper in the FRG literature.

关键词： flux reversal generator air velocity computa-tion fluid dynamics thermal analysis vibration analysis,finite element analysis

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Structural and mass transport properties of liquid ytterbium in the temperature range 1123 k–1473 k

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Chinese Physics b 2023年第6期32卷 481-488页

作者： D D Satikunvar n k bhatt b Y Thakore Department of Physics Sardar Patel UniversityVallabh VidyanagarGujarat 388120India Department of Physics Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar UniversityBhavnagarGujarat 364001India

We have studied the structural and atomic transport properties of liquid f-shell Yb in the temperature range 1123 k–1473 k. Pair interactions between atoms are derived using a local pseudopotential. The potential parameters are fitted to the phonon dispersion curve at room temperature. The local pseudopotential used in the present study is computationally more efficient with only three parameters, and it is found to be transferable to the liquid phase without changing the *** the various computed properties agree with reported theoretical and experimental findings, the adopted fitting scheme is justified. As a significant outcome of the study, we find that(i) the melting in Yb is governed by the Lindemann's law,(ii)the mass transport mechanism obeys the Arrhenius law,(iii) the role of the three-particle correlation function in deriving the velocity autocorrelation function is small,(iv) the mean-square atomic displacement is more sensitive to the choice of interaction potential than the other bulk properties, and(v) liquid Yb does not show liquid–liquid phase transition within the studied temperature range. Further, due to the good description of the structural and mass transport properties, we propose that Yb remains divalent at reduced density.

关键词： transport properties pseudopotential single-particle dynamics ytterbium

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Investigation into machining performance of microstructurally engineered in-situ particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 916-935页

作者： S.k.Sahoo b.n.Sahoo S.k.Panigrahi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India Applied Magnesium Research Group Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic MobilityIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat 395007India

Magnesium and magnesium in-situ composites have significant potential in the application of design and manufacturing for automotive and aerospace industries because of their high specific strength and reduced fuel *** there are many challenges for machining of Mg based alloys and composites because of the high tendency of fire and *** challenges can be minimized through microstructural *** this present study,the machining performances of AZ91 Mg alloy and in-situ hybrid TiC+Tib_(2)reinforced AZ91 metal matrix composite was *** effectβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phases and grain refinement with and without in-situ particles on machinability were studied through microstructural engineering via aging and friction stir *** end milling operation was carried out at different cutting speeds ranging from 25 mm/min to 90 mm/min under dry environment by using an AlTin-coated tungsten carbide *** optimum cutting speed for machining was found to be 75 mm/min based on the surface roughness values of all conditioned *** base material with dendritic microstructure was found to have poor machinability in terms of inadequate surface finish and edge-burrs *** combined effect of in-situ TiC+Tib_(2)particles addition and grain refinement enhanced the machining performance of the material with superior surface finish,negligible edge-burr formation and better tool wear *** influence of in-situ TiC+Tib_(2)particles,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phases and grain refinement on machining characteristics are explained based on the tool wear mechanisms,chip behavior and machining induced affected zone.

关键词： Magnesium In-situ composite End-milling Tool wear Chip morphology

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Hydrological impacts of afforestation-A review of research in India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 37-42页

作者： b.Venkatesh n.Lakshman b.k.Purandara Regional Centre National Institute of Hydrology Department of Applied Mechanics National Institute of Technology Karnataka

We review the current status of experimental studies in India to understand the linkages between afforestation and hydrology. This discipline deals with the use and management of water, social awareness of environmental problems, and ecosystem limitations on provision of watershed services by river basins in the mountain regions of India. Our review begins with examination of experimental works in tropical countries and proceeds to discussion of initiatives of Indian research institutes and Government organizations towards establishing experimental watersheds to understand the impacts of land cover changes on hydrologic regimes in the Indian sub-continent. This is followed by the review of the experimental work carried out by various authors to assess the impact of land cover changes on major water balance components such as, runoff, groundwater, evapotranspiration and sediment yield. The spatial scales of these experiments have been limited to small watersheds or field plots. This paper also describes impacts of human interventions （such as planta- tions of exotic forest species to restore degraded landscapes） on the water balance components in diverse hydro-geo-environmental conditions in the Indian sub-continent. We focus on identifying the research areas which require immediate attention to develop tools to assist planners and policy makers in assessing and managing the water resources in these complex environments. The review is largely based on research results reported during the last 20 to 30 years.

关键词： afforestation Western Ghats experimental watersheds land-use/cover changes humid tropics

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Estimation of jet grouting parameters in Shahriar dam,Iran

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Mining Science and Technology 2010年第3期20卷 472-477页

作者： nIkbAkHTAn b AHAnGARI k RAHMAnI n Department of Mining Engineering Science & Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran ***Iran Sahand University of Technology Tabriz ***Iran

Jet grouting is a method for improving of soil and its physical ***,in this method,grouting of cement slurry with high pressure and velocity may cause damaging to soil structure,and then excavated grains of soil are removed from the borehole and replaced with cement *** grains,which are remained around the borehole,mixed with slurry（cement） in-situ,can create an improved mass of *** mass is named＂Soilcrete＂.Soilcrete mass has special characteristics such as high strength,low deformability and very low *** this paper,principles of jet grouting and effective parameters have been *** the test results obtained from Soilcrete column have been ***,the paper concludes with presenting amount of principle jet grouting parameters at foundation of Shahriar dam according to the results of jet grouting *** on the measurements,the diameter,Soilcrete UCS（uniaxial compression strength）,amount of the water,grout and air pressure and lifting and rotating speed in original site of jet grouting are 1.2～1.5 m,2～3 MPa,370～390 bar,10～15 bar,6～8 bar,7～8 cm/min and 7～8 cm/min,*** it can be seen that while the column diameter falls within the upper half of the range,some values of the compressive strength are close to the lower limit of the range.

关键词： jet grouting ground improvement Soilcrete column Shahriar dam

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Physico-chemical indices of breeding sites of Simulium damnosum in the lower Cross River basin, nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第3期17卷 511-517页

作者： OPARA k. n. FAGbEMI b. O. Department of Zoology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

To determine the factor influencing the abundance development and distribution of Simulium damnosum(S.I) immature stages in the lower Cross River basin, nigeria, the physico-chemical characteristics of water at breeding sites were analysed longitudinally over a 12 month period. Analysis of the water samples showed that water current correlated positively and significantly(pn(r = 0.95 vs 0.10); conductivity(r = 0.95 vs 0.81); hydrogen ion concentration(r = 0.03 vs 0.46); and biochemical oxygen demand(r = 0.80 vs 0.64); from Agbokim Waterfalls and Afi River respectively. The result indicates that these parameters and low ionic concentration are the most essential requirement for the development of S. damnosum pre-imaginal stages. Amplitudes of annual variability as measured by co-efficient of variation varied between the parameters. From the trends in hydrological variables it was deduced that the integrated impact of precipitation, input of surface runoff and municipal effluents played an overriding role in determining the absolute levels and temporal pattern in the water quality attributes. Of the 3578 pre-imaginal stages of S. damnosum collected, 52.52% and 47.4% were collected from Agbokim Waterfall and Afi River respectively. There was a significant difference(pn the number of pre-imaginal stages collected from both sites. The highest number of pre_imaginal stages of S. damnosum collected were at the peak of rain(July—September) indicating that S. damnosum in the River basin is a wet season breeder. The need for long term laboratory colonization of blackfly immature stages becomes imperative especially how these parameters could be exploited in control programme through the testing of larvicides without adverse ecological damage to the aquatic habitat.

关键词： blackflies Simulium damnosum physico-chemical parameters lower Cross River basin, nigeria

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