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Insights into gastrointestinal manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus:A narrative review

World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 51-62页

作者： Pratiksha Moliya Anmol Singh Navdeep Singh Vikash kumar Aalam Sohal Department of Transplant Hepatology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 69198United States Department of Medicine Tristar Centennial Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37203United States Department of Medicine Government Medical CollegeAmritsar 143001PunjabIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicinePhoenixAZ 85012United States

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)modifies CD4-positive cells,resulting in immunodeficiency and a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI)*** burden of HIV-related GI illnesses has significantly evolved with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy(ART).While ART has effectively reduced the occurrence of opportunistic infections,it has led to an increase in therapy-related GI *** esophageal conditions in HIV patients include gastroesophageal reflux disease,idiopathic esophageal ulcers,herpes simplex virus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and candidal ***’s sarcoma,a hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,may affect the entire GI *** and peptic ulcer disease are also frequently seen in patients with ***,often linked to both opportunistic infections and ART,requires careful *** diarrhea,often a sign of colitis caused by bacterial infections such as Shigella or Clostridium difficile,is *** bowel lymphoma,although rare,is increasing in *** disorders,including proctitis,fissures,and anal squamous cell carcinoma,are particularly relevant in homosexual men,underlining the importance of timely *** review comprehensively explores the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and treatment considerations for the various GI disorders associated with HIV,highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to improve outcomes for HIV-infected patients.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Opportunistic infections Antiretroviral treatment Gastrointestinal

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Irreversible electroporation for metastatic pancreatic carcinoma with liver metastasis:What does the evidence say

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 30-34页

作者： Ranit Seal Akash Bararia Bitan kumar Chattopadhyay Nilabja Sikdar Department of General Surgery IPGME&R and SSKM HospitalKolkata 700020West BengalIndia Human Genetics Unit Indian Statistical InstituteKolkata 700108West BengalIndia Estaurine and Coastal Studies Foundation Howrah 711101India

Irreversible electroporation is a promising non-thermal ablation method that has been shown to increase overall survival in locally advanced pancreatic cancer in some ***,higher quality studies with proper controls and randomization are required to establish its superiority when added with neoadjuvant chemotherapy over the current management of choice,which is chemotherapy *** studies are required before establishment of any survival benefit in metastatic pancreatic carcinoma,and such evidence is lacking at present.

关键词： Irreversible electroporation Locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma Metastatic pancreatic carcinoma Advanced pancreatic carcinoma Chemotherapy

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Estimating rock properties using sound signal dominant frequencies during diamond core drilling operations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第4期11卷 850-859页

作者： Ch.vijaya kumar Harsha Vardhan Ch.S.N.Murthy N.C.karmakar Department of Mining Engineering National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalIndia Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) VaranasiIndia

In many engineering applications such as mining,geotechnical and petroleum industries,drilling operation is widely *** drilling operation produces sound by-product,which could be helpful for preliminary estimation of the rock ***,determination of rock properties is very difficult by the conventional methods in terms of high accuracy,and thus it is expensive and *** this context,a new technique was developed based on the estimation of rock properties using dominant frequencies from sound pressure level generated during diamond core drilling ***,sound pressure level was recorded and sound signals of these sound frequencies were analyzed using fast Fourier transform (FFT).Rock drilling experiments were performed on five different types of rock samples using computer numerical control (CNC) drilling machine BMV 45 *** simple linear regression analysis,mathematical equations were developed for various rock properties,*** compressive strength,Brazilian tensile strength,density,and dominant frequencies of sound pressure *** developed models can be utilized at early stage of design to predict rock properties.

关键词： Rock properties Sound pressure level Fast Fourier transform (FFT) Sound signal Core drilling Dominant frequencies

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Influence of process parameters on physical dimensions of AA6063 aluminium alloy coating on mild steel in friction surfacing

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第3期11卷 275-281页

作者： B.vijaya kumar G.MADHUSUDHAN REDDY T.MOHANDAS Department of Mechanical Engineering Guru Nanak Institute of Technology Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Nalla Malla Reddy Engineering College

An attempt is made in the present study to obtain the relationships among process parameters and physical dimensions of AA6063 aluminium alloy coating on IS2062 mild steel obtained through friction surfacing and their impact on strength and ductility of the coating. Factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate and select the parameter combination to achieve a coating with adequate strength and ductility. Spindle speed, axial force and table traverse speed were observed to be the most significant factors on physical dimensions. It was observed that the thickness of the coating decreased as the coating width increased. In addition, the width and thickness of the coatings are higher at low and high torques. At intermediate torque values, when the force is high, the width of the coating is high, and its thickness is thin; and when the force is low, the width and thickness are low. The interaction effect between axial force(F)-table traverse speed(Vx) and spindle speed(N)-table traverse speed(Vx) produced an increasing effect on coating width and thickness, but other interactions exhibited decreasing influence. It has also been observed that sound coatings could be obtained in a narrow set of parameter range as the substrate-coating materials are metallurgically incompatible and have a propensity to form brittle intermetallics.

关键词：合金涂层摩擦表面尺寸物理工艺参数碳钢涂层厚度试验设计技术

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Importance of etiologies of secondary diabetes:How often do we think off in clinical practice?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第5期13卷 49-51页

作者： kotha Sugunakar Reddy Arvind kumar Morya Archana Gaur Sakthivadivel Varatharajan Department of General Medicine All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia

The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these *** to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient *** article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes *** summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical *** authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody *** awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient *** findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Etiologies Viral infections Syndromes Pathophysiology,Secondary diabetes mellitus,Clinical practice

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A new cache of Eoarchaean detrital zircons from the Singhbhum craton,eastern India and constraints on early Earth geodynamics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1359-1370页

作者： Bulusu Sreenivas Sukanta Dey Y.J. Bhaskar Rao T. vijaya kumar E.V.S.S.k. Babu Ian S. Williams CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad 500007India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchKolkata 741246India Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberra 2601Australia

The dominant geodynamic processes that underpin the formation and evolution of Earth’s early crust remain enigmatic calling for new information from less studied ancient cratonic ***,we present U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircon grains from^2.9 Ga old quartzites and magmatic zircon from a 3.505 Ga old dacite from the Iron Ore Group of the Singhbhum craton,eastern *** detrital zircon grains range in age between 3.95 Ga and 2.91 *** with the recently reported Hadean,Eoarchean xenocrystic(up to 4.24 Ga)and modem detritus zircon grains from the Singhbhum craton,our results suggest that the Eoarchean detrital zircons represent crust generated by recycling of Hadean felsic crust formed at^4.3-4.2 Ga and^3.95 *** observe a prominent shift in Hf isotope compositions at^3.6-3.5 Ga towards super-chondritic values,which signify an increased role for depleted mantle and the relevance of plate *** Paleo-,Mesoarchean zircon Hf isotopic record in the craton indicates crust generation involving the role of both depleted and enriched mantle *** infer a short-lived suprasubduction setting around^3.6-3.5 Ga followed by mantle plume activity during the Paleo-,Mesoarchean crust formation in the Singhbhum *** Singhbhum craton provides an additional repository for Earth’s oldest materials.

关键词： U-Pb zircon ages Hf isotopes Singhbhum craton Hadean Eoarchean Geodynamics

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Endothelial dysfunction in the kidney transplant population:Current evidence and management strategies

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第1期15卷 24-43页

作者： Arun Prabhahar Akshey Batta Juniali Hatwal Vivek kumar Raja Ramachandran Akash Batta Department of Telemedicine(Internal Medicine and Nephrology) Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Urology and Renal Transplant Neelam HospitalRajpura 140401PunjabIndia Department of Internal Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Nephrology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India Department of Cardiology Dayanand Medical College and HospitalLudhiana 141001PunjabIndia

The endothelium modulates vascular homeostasis owing to a variety of vasoconstrictors and *** dysfunction(ED),characterized by impaired vasodilation,inflammation,and thrombosis,triggers future cardiovascular(CV)*** kidney disease,a state of chronic inflammation caused by oxidative stress,metabolic abnormalities,infection,and uremic toxins damages the *** is also associated with a decline in estimated glomerular filtration *** kidney transplantation,endothelial functions undergo immediate but partial restoration,promising graft longevity and enhanced CV ***,the anticipated CV outcomes do not happen due to various transplant-related and unrelated risk factors for ED,culminating in poor CV health and graft *** in kidney transplant recipients is an underrecognized and poorly studied *** diseases are the leading cause of death among kidney transplant candidates with functioning *** contributes to the pathogenesis of many of the CV *** biomarkers and vasoreactivity tests are available to study endothelial *** an increasing number of transplants happening every year,and improved graft rejection rates due to the availability of effective immunosuppressants,the focus has now shifted to endothelial protection for the prevention,early recognition,and treatment of CV diseases.

关键词： Endothelial dysfunction Endothelium Cardiovascular disease kidney transplantation Chronic kidney disease Nitric oxide Flow-mediated dilatation Nitro-glycerine-mediated dilatation Biomarkers

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Macular microvascular and structural changes on optical coherence tomography angiography in atypical optic neuritis

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 88-94页

作者： Chinmay Mahatme Madhurima kaushik Veerappan Rathinasabapathy Saravanan karthik kumar Virna M Shah Department of General Ophthalmology Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia Department of Neuro-ophthalmology Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia Department of Vitreoretina Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia

BACkGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management *** and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated *** the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural *** To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic *** This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy *** vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using *** There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy *** and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy *** unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected *** comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected *** Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Atypical optic neuritis Macular microvascular changes Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorder

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Tunable Optical Bandgap of Gadolinium Substituted Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles-Effect of Calcination Temperature on Its Optical Parameters

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2022年第3期12卷 33-45页

作者： katrapally vijaya kumar Department of Physics JNTUH University College of Engineering Rajanna Sircilla India

The gadolinium substituted nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles of the composition, Ni0.5Zn0.5Gd0.05Fe1.95O4 were prepared using sol-gel method. In order to study the effect of calcination temperature on the optical parameters, the prepared powder was divided into five parts. The first part was taken as the as-prepared sample and the remaining four parts were calcinated at different temperatures, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C & 900°C. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of cubic spinel structure with single phase and Fd3m space group. The crystallite size was increased from 11.75 nm to 18.13 nm as the calcination temperature increased from 600 to 900°C whereas as-prepared sample exhibited 17.61 nm. The dislocation density was decreased from 7.243 × 10-3 to 3.042 × 10-3 nm-2 as the calcination temperature increased from 600°C to 900°C. The micro strain was decreased from 10 × 10-4 to 6.452 × 10-4 as the calcination temperature increased from 600°C to 900°C. The characteristic absorbance peaks were obtained at 255.2 nm for the ferrite nanoparticles of as-prepared and calcinated at 600°C and 800°C whereas it was obtained as 252.8 nm for the sample calcinated at 700°C and there was no such characteristic peak in UV-visible range for the sample calcinated at 900°C;it is expected in the below 200 nm region. The optical energy gap was calculated using kubelka-Munk equation based on Tauc’s plot and found in the range 4.100 eV to 5.389 eV. The lowest energy gap of 4.100 eV exhibited by the sample calcinated at 700°C and the highest energy gap of 5.389 eV by the sample calcinated at 900°C. It is concluded that the tunable band gaps can be obtained with varying calcination temperature.

关键词： XRD Optical Energy Bandgap Refractive Index Absorption Coefficient Extinction Coefficient Real and Imaginary Parts of Dielectric Constant

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Microstructure studies of air-plasma-spray-deposited CoNiCrAlY coatings before and after thermal cyclic loading for high-temperature application

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第8期23卷 934-942页

作者： Dipak kumar k.N.Pandey Dipak kumar Das Mechanical Engineering Department Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad-211004India Defense Metallurgical Research Laboratory Hyderabad-500058India

In the present study, bond-coats for thermal barrier coatings were deposited via air plasma spraying（APS） techniques onto Inconel 800 and Hastelloy C-276 alloy substrates. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and atomic force microscopy（AFM） were used to investigate the phases and microstructure of the as-sprayed, APS-deposited Co Ni Cr Al Y bond-coatings. The aim of this work was to study the suitability of the bond-coat materials for high temperature applications. Confirmation of nanoscale grains of the γ/γ′-phase was obtained by TEM, high-resolution TEM, and AFM. We concluded that these changes result from the plastic deformation of the bond-coat during the deposition, resulting in Co Ni Cr Al Y bond-coatings with excellent thermal cyclic resistance suitable for use in high-temperature applications. Cyclic oxidative stability was observed to also depend on the underlying metallic alloy substrate.

关键词： thermal barrier coatings coating structure plasma spraying thermal cycle high-temperature applications microstructure studies

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