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国际经济评论 2001年第4期 17-18页

作者： Jomo k.sundaram 中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所·世界经济与政治研究所

学术界对全球化的研究由来已久.从最初对'帝国主义'的研究开始,霍布森、熊彼特和列宁都曾经对全球化的进程作过论述.到今天,'帝国主义'已经很少有人再提了,取而代之的是'全球化'这个词.

关键词：经济全球化发展中国家经济国外对外贸易资本市场

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远期利率协议(FRA)合约估值

中国货币市场 2007年第10期 12-15页

作者： Rangarajan k.sundaram 曾芳琴葛樑纽约大学

作为在业界很受欢迎的一种投资工具,远期利率协议(FRA)是其他利率衍生品的基础,它能帮助投资者锁定利息成本,企业能用FRA对未来的利率风险进行套期保值。该文结合实例介绍了FRA新合约及存续合约的定价方法,并展示了FRA无套利利率的推导... 详细信息

作为在业界很受欢迎的一种投资工具,远期利率协议(FRA)是其他利率衍生品的基础,它能帮助投资者锁定利息成本,企业能用FRA对未来的利率风险进行套期保值。该文结合实例介绍了FRA新合约及存续合约的定价方法,并展示了FRA无套利利率的推导过程。

关键词： FRA 收益定价估值

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全球化挑战发展中国家经济

Low-temperature solution process for preparing flexible transparent carbon nanotube film for use in flexible supercapacitors

新思路 2001年第6期

作者： Jomo k.sundaram

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3430-3445页

作者： Ashok k. Sundramoorthy Yi-Cheng Wang sundaram Gunasekaran DepartmentofBiologicalSystemsEngineering UniversityofWisconsin-Madison460HenryMallMadisonW153706USA

Single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） possess high conductivity, mechanical strength, transparency, and flexibility, and are thus suitable for use in flexible electronics, transparent electrodes, and energy-storage and energy-harvesting applications. However, to exploit these properties, SWNTs must be de-bundled in a surfactant solution to permit processing and use. We report a new method to prepare a SWNT-based transparent conducting film （TCF） using the diazo dye 3,3＇-（[1,1＇-biphenyl]-4,4＇-diyl）bis（4-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid）, commonly known as Congo red （CR）, as a dispersant. Uniform 20-nm-thick TCFs were prepared on rigid glass and flexible polyethylene terephthalate （PET） substrates. The CR-SWNT dispersion and the CR-SWNT TCFs were characterized via UV-Vis-NIR, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and dynamic light scattering （DLS） measurements. The sheet resistivity of the CRSWNT TCF was -34 ±6.6 Ω/□ with a transmittance of 81% at 550 nm, comparable to that of indium tin oxide-based films. Unlike SWNT dispersions prepared in common surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, sodium cholate （SC）, and Triton X-100, the CR-SWNT dispersion was amenable to forming TCF by drop coating. The CR-SWNT TCF was also very stable, maintaining a very low sheet resistivity even after 1,000 consecutive bending cycles of 8 mm bending radius. Further, manganese dioxide （MnO2） was electrochemically deposited on the CR-SWNT-PET film （MnO2-CR-SWNT-PET）. The as-prepared MnO2- CR-SWNT-PET electrode exhibited high specific capacitance and bendability, demonstrating promise as a candidate electrode material for flexible supercapacitors.

关键词： transparent electrode manganese dioxide carbon nanotube Congo red flexible electronics supercapacitors

Targeted Gene Therapy: Promises and Challenges in Disease Management

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生物组学研究杂志(英文) 2024年第2期07卷 81-89页

作者： Vickram Agaram sundaram Manikandan Sivasubaramanian Richard Titus Lakshmi S. Vidhya Chopra Hitesh Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha Nagar Thandalam Chennai Tamil Nadu India

Targeted gene therapy may revolutionize disease treatment by precisely treating genetic defects. This method targets particular cells or tissues with therapeutic genes to treat a variety of genetic problems, including cancer, hereditary diseases, and viral infections. Viral, nonviral, and genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 are used for targeted gene therapy to fix or modify disease-causing genes with minimal off-target effects. The issues of vector immunogenicity, off-target mutations, and gene delivery to target cells persist despite tremendous progress. The successful implementation of targeted gene therapy is further hindered by hereditary illness complexity and genetic background diversity. These difficulties require multidisciplinary cooperation, novel vector design, and thorough preclinical and clinical assessments. The long-term and unforeseen effects of gene editing must also be considered from an ethical viewpoint. Targeted gene therapy has considerable therapeutic promise, but more research and technological advances are needed to overcome limitations and develop safe and successful clinical treatments.

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Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in India

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第3期9卷 311-321页

作者： Sivasankari sundaram Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India

This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration （5）, maximum possible sunshine hour duration （S0）, extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance （H0） and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance （G0）. The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.

关键词： global horizontal irradiance (GHI) mean biaserror root mean square error mean percentage error,coefficient of regression Visual Basic 2010 Express

A comprehensive review on clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第3期8卷 179-186页

作者： Bhagavathi sundaram Sivamaruthi Innovation Center for Holistic Health Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals Faculty of Pharmacy Chiang Mai University

The composition of gut microflora and its metabolic activity are closely correlated with the host immune system, and the changes in the biometric of the microbiome lead to inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. The supplementation of probiotics and synbiotic could indeed manipulate the microflora, which can be an alternative therapy for ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Several in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies for the initiation and maintenance of remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been *** studies evaluated the efficacy of many probiotic formulations, especially about VSL#*** though the clinical studies proved that almost all the probiotic interventions are safe and bring improvement to patients, some studies are deficient in sample size, proper controls, and follow-ups. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease development, probiotics, the clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic interventions for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as the adverse effect of probiotic treatments.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Probiotic Synbiotic

Creation of Super Long Transversely Polarized Optical Needle Using Azimuthally Polarized Multi Gaussian Beam

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第6期33卷 29-32页

作者： C.M.sundaram k.Prabakaran P.M.Anbarasan k.B.Rajesh A.M.Musthafa Department of Physics Periyar University Department of Physics Mahendra Arts and Science College(Autonomous) Department of Physics Chikkanna Government Arts College Department of General Studies(Physics Group) Jubail University College(Male Branch)Royal Commission of Jubail

The intensity distribution in the focal region of a high-NA lens for the incident azimuthally polarized multi Gaussian beam transmitted through a multi belt spiral phase hologram is studied on the basis of the vector diffraction theory. Here we report a new method used to generate a needle of transversely polarized light beam with sub diffraction beam size of 0.366A that propagates without divergence over a long distance of about 22A in free space. We also expect that such a light needle of transversely polarized beam may find its applications in utilizing optical materials or instruments responsive to the transversal field only.

关键词： of on it for Creation of Super Long Transversely Polarized Optical Needle Using Azimuthally Polarized Multi Gaussian Beam in that is

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2020年第12期63卷 2649-2656页

作者： WANG XingJian LAFON Patrick.sundaram Dilip YANG Vigor Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFlorida 32901USA Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Liquid vaporization under thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium condition at the gas-liquid interface is investigated over a wide range of fluid state typical of many liquid-fueled energy conversion systems. The validity of the phase-equilibrium assumption commonly used in the existing study of liquid vaporization is examined using molecular dynamics theories. The interfacial mass flow rates on both sides of the liquid surface are compared to the net vaporization rate through an order-of-magnitude *** indicated that the phase-equilibrium assumption holds valid at relatively high pressures and low temperatures,and for droplets with relatively large initial diameters(for example,larger than 10 μm for vaporizing oxygen droplets in gaseous hydrogen in the pressure range from 10 atm to the oxygen critical state). Droplet vaporization under superheated conditions is also explored using classical binary homogeneous nucleation theory,in conjunction with a real-fluid equation of state. It is found that the bubble nucleation rate is very sensitive to changes in saturation ratio and pressure;it increases by several orders of magnitude when either the saturation ratio or the pressure is slightly increased. The kinetic limit of saturation ratio decreases with increasing pressure,leading to reduced difference between saturation and superheat conditions. As a result,the influence of nonequilibrium conditions on droplet vaporization is lower at a higher pressure.

关键词： liquid vaporization droplet vaporization superheated vaporization thermodynamic phase equilibrium thermodynamic phase non-equilibrium vapor nucleation

Eastern gray squirrels are consistent shoppers of seed traits:insights from discrete choice experiments

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 280-296页

作者： Mekala sundaram Nathanael I.LICHTI Nicole J.Olynk WIDMAR Robert k.SWIHART Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Seeds of many hardwood trees are dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents,and this process is often mediated by the traits of *** numerous studies have linked seed traits to seed preference by rodents,little is known about how rodents forage for seeds when multiple desirable and undesirable seed traits are available ***,we adopt a novel method of designing choice experiments to study how eastern gray squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)select for 6 traits(caloric value,protein content,tannin concentration,kernel mass,dormancy period and toughness of shell)among *** n=426 seed-pair presentations,we found that squirrels preferentially consumed seeds with short dormancy or tougher shells,and preferentially cached seeds with larger kernel mass,tougher shells and higher tannin *** incorporating random effects,we found that squirrels exhibited consistent preferences for seed traits,which is likely due to the fitness consequences associated with maintaining cached ***,we found that squirrels were willing to trade between multiple traits when caching seeds,which likely results in more seed species being cached in the ***,our approach allowed us to compute the relative values of different seed traits to squirrels,despite covariance among studied traits across seed *** addition,by investigating how squirrels trade among different seed traits,important insights can be gleaned into behavioral mechanisms underlying seed caching(and,thus,seed survival)dynamics as well as evolutionary strategies adopted by plants to attract seed *** describe how discrete choice experiments can be used to study resource selection in other ecological systems.

关键词： cached resources discrete choice experiment resource selection trade-offs trait-dependent