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Simple,intuitive key performance indicators for flag state performance and its pilot application in Latin-America

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第3期2卷 101-110页

作者： Anish Arvind Hebbar santiago Juan Geymonat World Maritime University Fiskehamnsgatan 1Malmö21118Sweden

The presence of sub-standard ships has been a long-standing concern in the maritime domain and a slew of measures are implemented to tide over the *** is a key to verifying the success of measures adopted to enhance maritime safety and protect the marine *** there is an abundance of literature based on Port State Control inspections it is argued that in addition to the prevailing indicators of flag State performance deeper insights are to be gained by exploring indicators in other areas such as findings of IMO member State *** paper proposes simple and intuitive indicators in conjunction with existing indicators to identify trends in flag State performance and explores application of the indicators to a select set of member States in Latin-America *** paper concludes that the proposed indicators have the potential for global application.

关键词： Flag state performance key performance indicators kPI Performance measurement Implementation Flag state implementation Implementation of IMO instruments

Tamoxifen and Src kinase inhibitors as neuroprotective/neuroregenerative drugs after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 385-390页

作者： Iris k.Salgado Aranza I.Torrado Jose M.santiago Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology School of MedicineUniversity of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus Department of Natural Sciences

Spinal cord injury （SCI） is a devastating condition that produces significant changes in the life- style of patients. Many molecular and cellular events are triggered after the initial physical impact to the cord. Two major phases have been described in the field of SCI： an acute phase and late phase. Most of the therapeutic strategies are focused on the late phase because this provides an opportunity to target cellular events like apoptosis, demyelination, scar formation and axonal outgrowth. In this mini-review, we will focus on two agents （tamoxifen and a Src kinase family inhibitor known as PP2） that have been shown in our laboratory to produce neuroprotective （increase cell survival） and/or regenerative （axonal outgrowth） actions. The animal model used in our laboratory is adult female rat （N250 g） with a moderate contusion （12.5 mm） to the spinal cord at the T10 level, using the MASCIS impactor device. Tamoxifen or PP2 was administered by implantation of a 15 mg pellet （Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA） or by intraperitoneal injections （1.5 mg/kg, every 3 days）, respectively, to produce a long-term effect （28 days）. Tamoxifen and the Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, are drugs that in rats with a moderate spinal cord injury promote functional locomotor recovery, increase spared white matter tissue, and stimulate axonal outgrowth. Moreover, tamoxifen reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, these drugs are possible therapeutic agents that have a neuroprotective/regen- erative activity in vertebrates with SCI.

关键词： tamoxifen Src kinase PP2 trauma regeneration neuroprotection

Microglial exosomes in retinal neuroinflammation: focus in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1801-1802页

作者： Ines Dinis Aires Ana Raquel santiago University of Coimbra Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research(iCBR)Faculty of MedicineCoimbraPortugal University of Coimbra Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology(CIBB)CoimbraPortugal Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra(CACC) CoimbraPortugal Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image(AIBILI) CoimbraPortugal

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, expected to affect 140 million people worldwide by the year 2040. The pathophysiology of glaucoma involves retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve atrophy and cupping of the optic disk, culminating in visual field loss(Boia et al., 2020). Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease in which increased intraocular pressure is the main risk factor.

关键词： glaucoma inflammation al.

Nylon 6-cellulose composite hosted in a hypodermic needle: Biofluid extraction and analysis by ambient mass spectrometry in a single device

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第11期13卷 1346-1352页

作者： Jaime Millan-santiago Rafael Lucena Soledad Cardenas Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation(AS2P)Research Group Analytical Chemistry DepartmentChemical Institute for Energy and Environment(IQUEMA)University of CordobaE-14071CordobaSpain

This study proposes a hypodermic needle(HN)as a sorbent holder and an electrospray(ESI)emitter,thus combining extraction and analysis in a single device.A novel nylon 6-cellulose(N6-Cel)composite sorbent is proposed to extract methadone from oral fluid *** cellulosic substrate provides the composite with high porosity,permitting the flow-through of the sample,while the polyamide contributes to the extraction of the *** low price of the devices(considering the holder and the sorbent)contributes to the affordability of the method,and their small size allows easy transportation,opening the door to on-site *** the optimum conditions,the analyte can be determined by high-resolution ambient ionization mass spectrometry at a limit of detection(LOD)as low as 0.3 mg/L and precision(expressed as relative standard deviation,RSD)better than 9.3%.The trueness,expressed as relative recovery(RR),ranged from 90%to 109%.As high-resolution mass spectrometers are not available in many laboratories,the method was also adapted to low-resolution *** this sense,the direct infusion of the eluates in a triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry provided an LOD of 2.2 mg/*** RSD was better than 5.3%,and the RR ranged from 96%to 121%.

关键词： ESI emitter Mass spectrometry Hypodermic needle Composite Methadone

Manipulation of parasite load induces significant changes in the structural-based throat color of male iberian green lizards

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 293-302页

作者： Rodrigo MEGiA-PALMA Javier MARTiNEZ santiago MERINO Dept Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC J. Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Area Parasitologia Dept Biomedicina y Biotecnologia Area de Parasitologia. Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Alcala de Henares Alcala de Henares E-28871 Madrid Spain

The honesty of structural-based ornaments is controversial. Sexual selection theory predicts that the honesty of a sexual signal relies on its cost of production or maintenance. Therefore, environmental factors with negative impact on individuals could generate high costs and affect the expres- sion of these sexual signals. In this sense, parasites are a main cost for their hosts. To probe the effect of parasites on the structural-based coloration of a lacertid species Lacerta schreiberi, we have experimentally removed ticks from a group of male Iberian green lizards using an acaricide treatment （i.e., the broad-use insecticide fipronil）. All individuals were radio-tracked and recaptured after 15 days to study changes in coloration in both the ultraviolet （UV）-blue （structural-based） and UV-yellow （structural and pigment-based） ornamentations after manipulation, as well as changes in endoand ectoparasitic load and body condition. Additionally, after the experiment, we measured the skin inflammatory response to a mitogen. The fipronil treatment was effective in reducing ticks and it was associated with a significant reduction of hemoparasite load. Throughout the season, individuals treated with fipronil tended to maintain the brightness of the UV-blue throat coloration while control lizards tended to increase it. However, individuals treated with fipronil that were not infected with hemoparasites significantly reduced the brightness of the UV-blue throat color ation. Individuals with a higher initial tick load exhibited a lower UV saturation increment （UV-blue） and a higher brightness increment （UV-yellow） during the experiment. Overall these results experimentally support the idea that parasites adversely influence the expression of the structural-based coloration of male Iberian green lizards. This adds evidence to the hypothesis that sexual ornaments in lizards function as honest signals.

关键词： animal communication ectoparasites Hamilton & Zuk structural-coloration.

Social Isolation in Male Rats During Adolescence Inhibits the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex and Enhances Anxiety and Cocaine-Induced Plasticity in Adulthood

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第6期36卷 611-624页

作者： santiago Cuesta Alejandrina Funes Alejandra M.Pacchioni Area Toxicologia Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y del MedioambienteFacultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y FarmaceuticasUniversidad Nacional de RosarioSuipacha 5312000 RosarioSanta FeArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas RosarioArgentina Present Address:Department of Microbiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA

In adult animals,it is well established that stress has a proactive effect on psychostimulant ***,whether only a short period of stress during adolescence can also affect cocaine responses later in life and what mechanisms are involved are ***,we showed that 5 days of social isolation during rat adolescence had a long-term impact on anxiety-like behaviors,cocaine-induced conditioned place preference,and the expression of sensitization during *** the molecular level,social isolation decreased the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the prefrontal cortex(PFC).Furthermore,after the expression of cocaine sensitization,isolated rats showed an increase in this pathway in the nucleus ***,these findings suggest that,adolescent social isolation by altering the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the developing PFC might increase the cocaine responses during adulthood,introducing this pathway as a novel neuroadaptation in the cortical-accumbens connection that may mediate a stress-induced increase in vulnerability to drugs.

关键词： Social isolation Adolescence Cocaine vulnerability Wnt/(i-catenin pathway

Differential effects of environmental climatic variables on parasite abundances in blue tit nests during a decade

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 511-529页

作者： Francisco CASTAÑO-VÁZQUEZ santiago MERINO Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSICMadridSpain

Models on climate change have predicted an increase of temperature over the earth’s surface with potential drastic effects on living *** analyzed the relationships between climatic conditions(temperature,rainfall,and wind speed)and the abundance of blood-sucking flying insects(biting midges and blackflies)and nest-dwelling ectoparasites(mites,fleas,and blowflies)collected from blue tit nests during bird breeding seasons for a period of 10 *** temperature,rainfall,and wind speed showed significant differences among *** and wind speed increased during the period of study while rainfall *** midge,blackfly,and blowfly abundances increased across years but not flea and mite *** date decreased and brood size increased across *** of year variation,parasites were related to climatic *** example,biting midge,blowfly,mite,and flea abundances were positive and significantly related to average *** also found a positive and significant relationship between abundances of Haemoproteus infections and biting midge abundances during the first year of life of birds out of ***,abundance and prevalence of Lankesterella infections in yearlings were positive and significantly related to mite abundances during the year of birth of *** and Lankesterella infections were also significantly related to climatic variables and Haemoproteus and Lankesterella infections increased across *** addition,body condition of adult females and males were negatively related to flea larvae and blowfly abundance *** body condition was also negatively related to biting midge *** in climatic conditions across years could therefore affect several parasites of birds but also to birds themselves.

关键词： biting midges blackfly blowfly Haemoproteus Lankesterella rainfall temperature

Taxonomy-based differences in feeding guilds of fish

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 51-56页

作者： Javier SANCHEZ-hernandez Departamento de Zooloxla Xenetica e Antropoloxfa FlsicaFacultade de BioloxfaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaCampus Vida s/nSantiago de CompostelaEspana

It has been taken for granted that feeding guilds and behavior in animals are linked to the taxonomic relatedness of species,but empirical evidence supporting such relationship is virtually *** examine the importance of taxonomy on trophic ecology,I here present the first well-resolved dietary taxonomy analysis based on feeding guilds(predation,herbivory,and filtering)among families and genera within the fish order *** relatedness in feeding did not vary with ecosystem dimension(marine ***).Although predation dominates among Perciformes fishes,this study shows that in most cases taxonomic units(family or genus)are composed by species with several feeding *** species are more similar in feeding compared with species that are taxonomically more distant demonstrating that there is a greater variation of feeding guilds within families than ***,there is no consistency in feeding guilds between family-and genus-level *** study provides empirical support for the notion that genera are more informative than families,underlining that family-level taxonomy should be avoided to infer feeding habits of fish species at finer taxonomic ***,the choice of taxonomic resolution(family or genus level)in ecological studies is key to avoid information loss and misleading results.I conclude that high-rank taxonomic units(i.e.,above the generic level)are not appropriate to test research hypotheses about the feeding of fish.

关键词： aquatic systems clades FishBase global datasets taxonomic sufficiency trophic ecology

Are we giving azathioprine too much time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5519-5522页

作者： Fernando Gomollón santiago García López Department of Digestive Diseases Clinic University Hospital "Lozano Blesa" CIBEREHD IACS Zaragoza Spain Department of Digestive Diseases University Hospital "Miguel Servet" Zaragoza Spain

Azathioprine is currently the key drug in the maintenance treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, there are still some practical issues to be resolved: one is how long we must maintain the drug. Given that inflammatory bowel diseases are to date chronic, non-curable conditions, treatment should be indefinite and only the loss of efficacy or the appearance of serious side effects may cause withdrawal. As regards to efficacy and their maintenance over time, evidence supports the continuous usefulness of the drug in the long term: in fact its withdrawal very substantially increases the risk of relapse. About side effects, azathioprine is a relatively well tolerated drug and even indefinite use seems safe. The main theoretical risks of prolonged use would be the myelotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and the development of cancer. In fact, serious bone marrow suppression or serious liver damage are uncommon, and can be minimized with proper use of the drug. Recent metanalysis suggests that the risk of lymphoma is real, but the individual risk is rather low, and decision analysis suggests a favorable benefit/risk ratio in the long term. Therefore, in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in whom azathioprine is effective and well tolerated, the drug should not be stopped. This recommendation concerns the use of azathioprine as a single maintenance drug, and is not necessarily applicable to patients receiving concomitant biological therapy.

关键词： Azathioprine Inflammatory bowel diseases Maintenance treatment