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MOSFET-like CNFET based logic gate library for low-power application:a comparative study

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第7期35卷 112-124页

作者： P.A.Gowri sankar k.Udhayakumar Department of Electrical Engineering Anna University

The next generation oflogic gate devices are expected to depend upon radically new technologies mainly due to the increasing difficulties and limitations of existing CMOS technology. MOSFET like CNFETs should ideally be the best devices to work with for high-performance VLS1. This paper presents results of a comprehensive comparative study of MOSFET-like carbon nanotube field effect transistors （CNFETs） technology based logic gate library for high-speed, low-power operation than conventional bulk CMOS libraries. It focuses on comparing four promising logic families namely： complementary-CMOS （C-CMOS）, transmission gate （TG）, complementary pass logic （CPL） and Domino logic （DL） styles are presented. Based on these logic styles, the proposed library of static and dynamic NAND-NOR logic gates, XOR, multiplexer and full adder functions are implemented efficiently and carefully analyzed with a test bench to measure propagation delay and power dissipation as a function of supply voltage. This analysis provides the right choice of logic style for low-power, high-speed applications. Proposed logic gates libraries are simulated using Synopsys HSPICE based on the standard 32 nm CNFET model. The simulation results demonstrate that, it is best to use C-CMOS logic style gates that are implemented in CNFET technology which are superior in performance compared to other logic styles, because of their low average powerdelay-product （PDP）. The analysis also demonstrates how the optimum supply voltage varies with logic styles in ultra-low power systems. The robustness of the proposed logic gate library is also compared with conventional and state-art of CMOS logic gate libraries.

关键词： CNFET digital integrated circuits logic gate design low-voltage low-power logic styles

Classical interpretations of relativistic precessions

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第4期23卷 147-156页

作者： sankar Hajra Indian Physical Society 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road

Relativists have exposed various precessions and developed ingenious experiments to verify those phenomena with extreme precisions. The Gravity Probe B mission was designed to study the precessions of the gyroscopes rotating round the Earth in a nearly circular near-Earth polar orbit to demonstrate the geodetic effect and the Lense-Thirring effect as predicted by the general relativity theory. In this paper, we show in a very simple and novel analysis that the precession of the perihelion of Mercury, the Thomas precession, and the precession data （on the de Sitter and Lense-Thirring precessions） collected from the Gravity Probe B mission could easily be explained from classical physics, too.

关键词： Thomas precession precession of planetary orbits de Sitter precession Lense-Thirring precession

Machine intelligence,rough sets and rough-fuzzy granular computing:uncertainty handling in bio-informatics and Web intelligence

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重庆邮电大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第6期22卷 720-723,760页

作者： sankar k Pal Indian Statistical Institute Calcutta Indian

Machine intelligence,is out of the system by the artificial intelligence *** is usually achieved by the average computer *** sets and Information Granules in uncertainty management and soft computing and granular computing is widely used in many fields,such as in protein sequence analysis and biobasis determination,TSM and Web service classification Etc.

关键词： machine intelligence rough sets information granules rough-fuzzy case generation protein sequence analysis and biobasis determination TSM web service classification

Three-mode optomechanical system for angular velocity detection

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第8期27卷 254-260页

作者： kai Li sankar Davuluri Yong Li Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China

We propose a scheme for measuring the angular velocity of absolute rotation using a three-mode optomechanical system in which one mode of the two-dimensional （2D） mechanical resonator is coupled to an optical cavity. When the total system rotates, the Coriolis force acting on the 2D mechanical resonator due to the absolute rotation will affect the mechanical motion and thus change the phase of the output field from the cavity. The angular velocity of the absolute rotation can be estimated by monitoring the spectrum of the output field from the cavity via homodyne measurement. The minimum measurable angular velocity, which is determined by the noise spectrum, is calculated. The working range of the gyroscope for measuring angular velocity is discussed.

关键词： optomechanics gyroscope

Detection and Localization of Load Redistribution Attacks on Large-scale Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 361-370页

作者： Andrea Pinceti Lalitha sankar Oliver kosut the School of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeUSA

A nearest-neighbor-based detector against load redistribution attacks is *** detector is designed to scale from small-scale to very large-scale systems while guaranteeing consistent detection *** testing is performed on a realistic large-scale system to evaluate the perfor-mance of the proposed detector against a wide range of attacks,from simple random noise attacks to sophisticated load redistribution *** detection capability is analyzed against different attack parameters to evaluate its sensitivity.A statistical test that leverages the proposed detector is introduced to identify which loads are likely to have been maliciously modified,thus,localizing the attack *** test is based on ascribing to each load a risk measure(probability of being attacked)and then computing the best posterior likelihood that minimizes log-loss.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-security false data injection(FDI)attack load redistribution attack machine learning nearest neighbor

Gasification kinetic modelling of Victorian brown coal chars and validity for entrained flow gasification in CO_(2)

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第3期31卷 473-481页

作者： Tao Xu Yongping Wu sankar Bhattacharya College of Energy Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityVictoria 3800Australia

The gasification kinetic modelling of two Victorian brown coal(Yallourn and Maddingley)chars and the validity for entrained flow gasification were investigated in this *** study was conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)at 750–1100℃,30%–90%CO_(2)concentration using different char particle sizes within 20–106 *** was found that random pore model and modified volumetric model are applicable for TGA results,but volumetric model and grain model are *** effect of particle size under106 mm on gasification rate is very *** energies of Maddingley char and Yallourn char in CO_(2)gasification are 219–220 and 197–208 k J/mol,*** pre-exponential factors are in the same order of magnitude,and they increased as particle size decreased.A mathematical model was developed to predict carbon conversion over time for entrained flow gasification of Victorian brown coal chars at 1000–1400℃.

关键词： Victorian brown coal Gasification kinetics Modelling Entrained flow gasification

Inner-View of Nanomaterial Incited Protein Conformational Changes: Insights into Desig

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Research 2018年第1期2018卷 54-68页

作者： Arka Mukhopadhyay sankar Basu Santiswarup Singha Hirak k.Patra karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Process Engineering in Life SciencesGermany Clemson University Computational Biophysics GroupDepartment of Physics and AstronomySouth CarolinaUSA Department of Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases University of Calgary3280 Hospital Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaCanada Linkoping University Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineLinkopingSweden Wolfson College University of CambridgeCambridgeUK University of Cambridge Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyCambridgeUK

Nanoparticle bioreactivity critically depends upon interaction between proteins and nanomaterials(NM).Te formation of the“protein corona”(PC)is the efect of such nanoprotein *** has a wide usage in pharmaceuticals,drug delivery,medicine,and industrial ***,a detailed in-vitro,in-vivo,and in-silico understanding of nanoprotein interaction is fundamental and has a genuine contemporary *** surfaces can modify the protein conformation during interaction,or NMs themselves can lead to *** phenomena can change the whole downstream bioreactivity of the concerned *** main aim of this review is to understand the mechanistic view of NM-protein interaction and recapitulate the underlying physical chemistry behind the formation of such complicated macromolecular assemblies,to provide a critical overview of the diferent models describing NM induced structural and functional modifcation of *** review also attempts to point out the current limitation in understanding the feld and highlights the future scopes,involving a plausible proposition of how artifcial intelligence could be aided to explore such systems for the prediction and directed design of the desired NM-protein interactions.

关键词： interaction proposition prediction

Suitable triggering algorithms for detecting strong ground motions using MEMS accelerometers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第1期14卷 27-35页

作者： Ravi sankar Jakka Siddharth Garg Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

With the recent development of digital Micro Electro Mechanical System （MEMS） sensors, the cost of monitoring and detecting seismic events in real time can be greatly reduced. Ability of MEMS accelerograph to record a seismic event depends upon the efficiency of triggering algorithm, apart from the sensor＇s sensitivity. There are several classic triggering algorithms developed to detect seismic events, ranging from basic amplitude threshold to more sophisticated pattern recognition. Algorithms based on STA/LTA are reported to be computationally efficient for real time monitoring. In this paper, we analyzed several STA/LTA algorithms to check their efficiency and suitability using data obtained from the Quake Catcher Network （network of MEMS accelerometer stations）. We found that most of the STA/LTA algorithms are suitable for use with MEMS accelerometer data to accurately detect seismic events. However, the efficiency of any particular algorithm is found to be dependent on the parameter set used （i.e., window width of STA, LTA and threshold level）.

关键词： strong ground motion triggering algorithms seismic event detection MEMS accelerometers STA/LTA based algorithms

Numerical Study of Double Diffusive Convection in Partially Heated Vertical Open Ended Cylindrical Annulus

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2010年第6期2卷 763-783页

作者： Mani sankar Department of Mathematics East Point College of Engineering and TechnologyBangalore-560049India

A numerical investigation of laminar natural double diffusive convection in an open ended vertical cylindrical annulus with unheated entry and unheated exit is *** boundary conditions of uniform wall temperature/uniform wall concentration(UWT/UWC)and uniform heat flux/uniform mass flux(UHF/UMF)are *** of dimensionless induced volume rate Q,average Nusselt number Nu and Sherwood number Sh are obtained for air flow under various buoyancy ratio N,Grashof numbers due to heat and mass transfer GrT and GrM,Schmidt number Sc and combinations of unheated entry,heated section and unheated exit *** the flow under consideration is a boundary layer type,the governing partial differential equations was discretized to a linear system of equations by the use of an implicit finite difference *** nonlinear convective terms are approximated by second upwind difference method for the numerical *** numerical results reveal that the presence of unheated entry and unheated exit severely affects the heat and mass transfer *** numerical solutions are found to approach asymptotically the closed form solutions for fully developed ***,the present numerical results are validated with the existing solutions for pure thermal convection and are found to be in good agreement.

关键词： Discrete heating cylindrical annulus upwind difference doubles diffusive convection buoyancy ratio