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Endophytic mediation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activity in plants:a review

Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 1-10页

作者： Cyd E.Hamilton P.E.Gundel M.Helander k.saikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production ResearchFI-31600 JokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET-Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Section of Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku20014 TurkuFinland

Reactive oxygen species are in all types of organisms from microbes to higher plants and *** are by-products of normal metabolism,such as photosynthesis and respiration,and are responsive to abiotic and biotic *** evidence suggests reactive oxygen species play a vital role in programmed cell death,stress responses,plant defense against pathogens and systemic stress signaling in conjunction with antioxidant ***,we propose that reactive oxygen species and antioxidants,as both universal and evolutionarily conserved,are likely to play important role(s)in symbiotic *** support this hypothesis we review the root and foliar fungal endophyte literature specific to fungal-plant symbiotum production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in response to *** asymptomatic fungi can produce antioxidants in response to both biotic and abiotic stress when grown in culture as well as in *** addition,there is a growing but nascent literature reporting a significant impact of endophyte colonization on the antioxidant activity of colonized(E+)hosts when compared to uncolonized(E-)hosts,especially when exposed to *** we summarize general patterns emerging from the growing literature specific to antioxidant activity of endophytes in colonized hosts and bring up possible future research questions and *** consequences of changes in reactive oxygen species production and increased antioxidant activity in the symbiotum appear to be beneficial in many instances;but costs are also *** questions are:1)to what extent do antioxidants originating from the fungal endophyte mediate host metabolism,and thereby control host responses to endophyte colonization;(2)what role do fungal,plant,or symbiotum produced reactive oxygen species and antioxidants have in determining symbiotic outcome between extremes of pathogenicity and mutualism;and(3)what role if any,do the production of reactive oxygen speci

关键词： Endophyte Symbiosis Neotyphodium Epichloë Mutualism Dark septate endophytes Antagonism Stress Pathogen

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Fungal endophyte mediated occurrence of seminiferous and pseudoviviparous panicles in Festuca rubra

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第3期66卷 69-76页

作者： P.E.Gundel L.A.Garibaldi P.R.Wäli M.Helander S.Dirihan k.saikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland Department of Plant ProductionJokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET-Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Sede Andina Universidad Nacional de Río Negro(UNRN)and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Mitre 630CP 8400San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Department of Biology University of OuluOuluFinland Section of Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production Research31600 JokioinenFinland

Fungal endophytes are suggested to manipulate host grass *** different grass-endophyte combinations in a four year common garden experiment,we show that endophyte can retain control over the reproductive functions of the *** were collected as seeds from two different environments,meadows and *** endophyte infection(E+)increased reproductive effort of plants;13 and 15%higher proportion of E+plants produced panicles compared to naturally uninfected(E-)and manipulatively endophyte-infected(ME+)plants,*** E+plants produced also higher number of panicles compared to E-in the last two years,and both meadow-and riverbank-origin ME+plants produced higher number of panicles compared to ME-plants in most of the *** was recorded in 5%of the plants each *** limitation appears not to induce *** E+and ME+plants produced higher number of seminiferous panicles compared to E-and *** higher proportion of pseudoviviparism in ME+plants compared to E+,Eand ME-plants from meadows suggests specific genotypegenotype cross-talk between endophyte and *** was affected by year and primarily explained by plant reproductive effort since most vigorous plants produced more pseudoviviparous *** propose that endophytes can promote host grass reproduction in a habitatspecific manner and depending on genetic compatibility between ***,reproductive behavior depended on maternal habitat and the annual environmental conditions highlighting the importance of long-term experiments to estimate the effects of endophytes on host plant ecology.

关键词： Grass-endophyte interaction Systemic fungal endophytes Symbiosis Seminiferous panicles Pseudovivipary

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Symbiotic interactions as drivers of trade-offs in plants: effects of fungal endophytes on tall fescue

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 5-14页

作者： Pedro E.Gundel Lucas A.Garibaldi Marjo Helander kari saikkonen Department of Plant Production MTT Agrifood Research Finland31600 JokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET-Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Sede Andina Universidad Nacional de Río Negro(UNRN)and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Mitre 6308400 San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Section of Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland

Studying the controls on biomass allocation trade-offs in plants are important since they affect harvestable product yields and are critical to understanding symbiotic *** fungal endophytes associate with cool-season grasses,growing systemically within the plant inter-cellular spaces and are transmitted through *** explore the endophytes influence on the relationship between the plant reproductive and vegetative aboveground biomass(reproductive effort:RE)and on the trade-off between two components of the reproductive biomass,number and weight of panicles(RPN),using tall fescue as a model *** endophyte-colonized,manipulatively endophyte-free,and naturally endophyte-free plants from Northern European wild-populations together with the cultivar kentucky-31 were grown under different environmental conditions(nutrients x water).The endophyte had an effect on the RPN(E+:6.19,ME-:4.68 and E-:4.40)which indicates how reproductive biomass is partitioned into number and mass of panicles,but not on RE(≈0.06).As expected,wild plants showed higher reproductive effort(≈0.06)compared to the cultivar kY-31(0.05),irrespective of endophyte ***-colonized plants had lighter panicles than endophyte-free plants,a pattern that was clear among low-yielding ***,the tradeoff between RPN and RE was higher for endophytecolonized *** was again evident among plants with low RE indicating that colonized plants split the yield into either greater number of panicles and/or lighter *** effect of vertically transmitted endophytes has earlier been studied as ratios(***);however,our study shows that this approach may hide size-dependent endophyte effects on these *** study reveals that Neotyphodium endophyte affects trade-offs in tall fescue plants in a complex manner,and is influenced by a number of biological and abiotic factors.

关键词： Allometry Biomass partitioning Neotyphodium Festuca Symbiosis Plant-endophyte interaction

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Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Festuca rubra plants infected by Epichloë festucae in subarctic habitats

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 25-32页

作者： Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa Pedro E.Gundel Marjo Helander kari saikkonen Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología(IRNASA-CSIC) Apartado 257SalamancaSpain MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production Research31600 JokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET–Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Av.San Martín 4453(C1417DSE)Buenos AiresArgentina Section of Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku20014 TurkuFinland

Epichloëfestucae is an endophytic fungus that infects systemically the aerial tissues of the host grass Festuca *** fungus is transmitted vertically from the mother plant to ***,the presence of *** could affect the infection of a plant by other fungal *** could occur if *** metabolites produced in planta interfere negatively with other fungal infections;or alternatively,if the modulation of plant defenses by the endophyte favour further fungal *** have analyzed the presence of culturable non-systemic endophytes in plants of *** infected(E+)and not infected(E−)by *** in two subarctic habitats,meadows and riverbanks in Northern *** observed non-systemic endophyte infection frequencies were similar among E+and E−plants from riverbanks,and E+plants from *** contrast to these,the infection frequency was significantly lower in E−plants from *** result suggests that the presence of *** is not a main factor determining the presence of non-systemic endophytes in ***,plant genetic characteristics related to compatibility with *** and other endophytes in the more stable meadow populations might play a role in these fungus–fungus–plant *** a result of the survey,18 different taxa of non-systemic endophytes were identified in plants of *** were ascomycetes except for one *** endophytic taxa could not be ascribed to a genus,but sequence data indicated that they were conspecific with other unidentified endophytes that have been isolated in cold biomes at different locations.

关键词： Grass Fungi Diversity Finland

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Neotyphodium fungal endophyte in tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix): a comparison of three Northern European wild populations and the cultivar kentucky-31

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 15-24页

作者： Pedro E.Gundel Marjo Helander Cecilia Casas Cyd E.Hamilton Stanley H.Faeth kari saikkonen MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Production Research31600 JokioinenFinland IFEVA-CONICET–Faculty of Agronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology Section of EcologyUniversity of Turku20014 TurkuFinland Soil Science Division Faculty of AgronomyBuenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology University of North CarolinaGreensboroNC 27402-6170USA

Pooideae grasses may be colonized by systemic fungal *** fitness of endophyte depends entirely on resources and seed transmission from the host plant,while colonized plants may gain increased survival,growth,and reproduction relative to their uncolonized *** research of endophyte-grass interactions have been carried out on few cultivars of tall fescue(Schedonorus phoenix)and their symbiont Neotyphodium *** of studies using wild populations of tall fescue across the species natural distribution range,however,limits the understanding of the ecological and evolutionary role of the symbiosis in *** performed a common garden experiment in Southern Finland with three wild,tall fescue populations from northern Europe and the forage cultivar kentucky-31(kY-31).For each population,we used naturally endophyte-colonized,naturally endophytecolonized but endophyte removed(decolonized),and naturally uncolonized plants to separate effects due to the host genotype from the *** evaluated growth variables and survival in four environmental treatments of varying water and *** of water and nutrients increased plant biomass and reproductive effort in all *** effect was higher for kY-31 plants which produced on average 55%more seeds than wild plants,indicating better adaptation to high resource ***,the higher incidence of Claviceps *** the low winter survival indicated kY-31 tall fescue is mal-adapted to Northern European *** colonized plants had greater plant biomass(≈12%),reproductive effort(≈22%)and seed mass(≈29%)than naturally uncolonized and decolonized ***,endophyte colonization did not affect plant survival,and the effects of endophyte colonization on tiller number,panicle/tiller ratio and Claviceps *** depended on the population *** the wild populations,endophyte removal only reduced the number of tillers(≈29%lower),while the differen

关键词： Plant-microbial symbiosis Grass Symbiosis Vertically transmitted symbiont Claviceps

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