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Floristic Diversity, Stand Structure and Plant Life Traits in the Forest-Savanna Mosaic at Ndjole (Centre Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 309-330页

作者： Djeuguen Vanessa Tchaleu Solefack Marie Caroline Momo Mateso Aimé kambale Ndondjeu Charles Tafen Yanick Borel kamga Victor François Nguetsop research Unit of Applied Botany (UrBOA) Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

With the aim of assessing floristic diversity, stand structure and vegetation ecology, the present work was carried out in the savanna mosaic forest of the locality of Ndjole (Centre Cameroon). A total of 30 floristic plots of 40 m × 40 m (1600 m2) were delineated in the different ecosystems (forest, forest-savanna contact zone and the savanna). Within each plot, all individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm at 1.30 m were taken into account. ANOVA was used to compare the means of the diversity indices of the different ecosystems, and the DUNCAN test at 5% significance level (XLSTAT 2016) to separate these means. A total of 85 species belonging to 67 genera and 33 families were recorded. That is, 68 species in semi-caducifolia forest, 45 in forest-savanna contact zone and 18 in savanna. Urticaceae, Combretaceae, Apocynaceae, Myristicaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the most diverse families in the forest. On the other hand, in contact zones, the Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Annonaceae and Moraceae families are the most diversified, while in the savannas, the Combretaceae, Fabaceae and Annonaceae families are the most diversified. Shannon’s diversity index values (1.7 to 2.37 bits) reflect low specific diversity;Piélou’s equitability (0.86 to 0.9) shows good distribution of individuals within species. The diametric structure of woody species shows an inverted “J” shape in all plant communities. This indicates a high regeneration potential characterized by a greater number of small trees than large trees. Mesophanerophytes and megaphanerophytes are dominant in forests and forest-savanna contact zones, and microphanerophytes in the savannas. Endozoochory is the main mode of diaspore dissemination. As regards the distribution of phytogeographical types, it shows the overall dominance of Guineo-Congolese species in all plant communities. Our study provides detailed data on forest-savanna floristic and plant life traits in the mosaic and recommends further st

关键词： Mosaic Communities Dissemination regeneration Diversity

Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants Confirmed by the Baka in Southern and Eastern Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 76-106页

作者： Natacha Nana Afiong Pascal Billong Fils karelle kouetchua Guekam Eloge kambale Muhesi Eva Avila Martin Guillermo ros Brull Julia E. Fa Stephan Michael Funk Evariste Fongnzossie Fedoung Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms University of Douala Douala Cameroon Zerca y lejos ONGD Madrid Spain Department of Natural Sciences School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK Center for International Forestry research (CIFOr) CIFOR Headquarters Bogor Indonesia Nature Heritage Jersey Channel Islands Manchester UK Laboratory of Forest resources and Wood Valorization Training Unit in Engineering Sciences Post Graduate School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroun Department of Wood Sciences Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water resources and Environment University of Ber-toua Bertoua Cameroon

The limitations of biomedecine to provide effective solutions to certain pandemics has led many people to turn to alternative therapies. These palliative solutions, particularly phytomedecines, are much sought after for disease prevention and treatment. The Baka, a group of forest-dwelling people, hold knowledge on how wild plants can be effective in treating many illnesses. However, the greatest challenge for the identification of traditional medicines depends on the veracity of the information provided during ethnobotanic surveys by user populations. The present study describes forest plants used by the Baka and confirmed by them as being employed for traditional medicine. We carried out ethnobotanical surveys between 2019 and 2021 in 221 households within four districts of the Eastern and Southern region of Cameroon. We used indices of significant use and performance applied to all mentioned species, alongside searches in the literature. The statistical tools used to distinguish the different groups/districts is Pearson’s X2 test. A total of 378 plant species were identified of 270 genera and 85 families. Ethnobotanical indices allowed to identify the most confirmed and efficient plants for several health problems. A pairwise comparison of these indices showed a significant correlation with a p-value rity distance less than 0.5. Some plants selected are widely cited in other regions and/or countries for the same health problems. The presence of active molecules responsible for their biological activity was also proven, justifying their use in traditional medicine. This paper examines the potential to enhance the value of Cameroon’s pharmacopeia by integrating various ethnobotanical indices. It aims to discover new therapeutic molecules and develop improved traditional products from the diverse plant species documented. The findings indicate opportunities to advance both local and global healthcare solutions.

关键词： Confirmed Plants Import-Substitution Improved Traditional Medicine (ITM) Sustainable Development Goals Therapeutic Molecules

Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) kalkman (rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile Alain Mpouam Benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette kouam Eric Wete Marius Ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis Aimé Fono Jean Lagarde Betti Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted r2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management

Co^(2+) substituted Mg–Cu–Zn ferrite: Evaluation of structural,magnetic,and electromagnetic properties

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2018年第3期7卷 207-217页

作者： L.M.THOrAT J.Y.PATIL D.Y.NADArGI U.r.GHODAkE r.C.kambale S.S.SUrYAVANSHI Department of Electronics S.M.Dnyandeo Mohekar Mahavidyalaya School of Physical Sciences Solapur University Department of Electronics Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya Department of Physics Savitribai Phule Pune University

We report the synthesis of Co^(2+)substituted Mg–Cu–Zn ferrite via citrate gel combustion process and thereby its structural,transport,and magnetic properties for the use in electromagnetic energy absorption *** polycrystalline ferrite system is investigated by interplay of stoichiometric composition with Mg_(0.25–x)Co_x Cu_(0.25)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4(0≤x≤0.25).Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction(XrD)and selected area electron diffraction(SAED)reveal the formation of spinel structure with linear growth of lattice constant due to Co^(2+)*** microstructural analysis(TEM and SEM)depicts the dense microstructure with the average grain size of 0.42–1.25μ*** elemental analysis(EDS)confirms the elemental composition of the as-prepared ferrite with respect to the initial concentrations of the synthetic composition *** observed variations in initial permeability(μ_i)and magnetic moment(_Bn)are explained based on deviation in saturation magnetization(M_s),anisotropy constant(_1k),density values,and exchange *** temperature dependence of DC resistivity confirms the semiconducting behavior of the as-prepared ferrite material,with an increase in the DC resistivity by an incorporation of ***,the effects of adding Co^(2+)on the Curie temperature,frequency dependent dielectric properties of the ferrite material are also discussed.

关键词： Co-Mg-Cu-Zn ferrite spinel phase electrical resistivity saturation magnetization anisotropy constant Curie temperature

Local Perception on the Exploitation, the Current State and Taboos related to Pangolins (Pholidota, Mammalia) by the Communities Living in the Tayna Nature reserve and Its Surroundings (rNT) North kivu DrC

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 18-35页

作者： David kambale Malimbo Jonas kambale Nyumu kasereka Vitekere Mbusa Mapoli Benzeth Visando Juakaly Mbumba Guy Crispin Tungaluna Francis Tarla Ngoy Steve Department of Ecology and Management of Animal resources Kasugho University of Nature Conservation and Development Goma DRC MENTOr-POP (Progress on Pangolin) Zoological Society of London (ZSL-Cameroon) Yaounde Cameroon Department of Ecology and Management of Animal resources Faculty of Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani DRC College of Wildlife and Protected Areas Northeast Forestry University Harbin China

Pangolins are currently considered the most endangered mammal species due to their high rank in local and international traffic. This species is protected in DrC and worldwide, unfortunately it is threatened by numerous human actions. The objective of this study is to identify the different reasons for which these animals are exploited, to provide information to determine from the opinions of the respondents the current state of the population from 2015 to today and to identify their hunting techniques by the local populations. We carried out surveys in the households of hunters, farmers and people practicing other professions in 12 villages, located within the rNT and surroundings areas. Two interview techniques were used: the individual interview and the participatory diagnostic technique. 175 people were interviewed individually. Nearly 97% of our respondents are motivated to consume pangolin as bush meat obtaining by hunting. The main reason for eating pangolin meat is 44% preference and 33% habit. The zone does not know the foreign solicitation of the exploitation of pangolins and its derivatives. The opinions of the population regarding the current state of pangolin in the Tayna Nature reserve indicate that from 2015 to the present day the common pangolin “Manis tricuspis” has been abundant. Hunters use different hunting techniques, dominated by pickup for the Manis tricuspis, digging burrow, fire at the entrance of the burrow for Manis gigantea and the shotgun for the Manis tetradactyla.

关键词： Local Perception Exploitation Current State Taboos Pangolins Communities Tayna Nature reserve North kivu/DrC

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刚果银行营销策略研究

刚果银行营销策略研究

作者： BAHATI kambale Valéry 兰州交通大学

学位级别：硕士

近年来,随着金融体制改革的进一步深化,刚果银行的发展既面临着良好的机遇,也面临着严峻的挑战。刚果银行虽然日益重视并积极开展市场营销活动,也取得了一定的成效,但从总体上来看,由于起步较晚,刚果银行的市场营销活动还是低层次的、... 详细信息

近年来,随着金融体制改革的进一步深化,刚果银行的发展既面临着良好的机遇,也面临着严峻的挑战。刚果银行虽然日益重视并积极开展市场营销活动,也取得了一定的成效,但从总体上来看,由于起步较晚,刚果银行的市场营销活动还是低层次的、被动的,在处理业务拓展与市场营销的关系上仍然存在着许多不足,专业、系统地营销策略比较模糊,这在一定程度上阻碍了刚果银行前进的步伐。思路决定出路,刚果银行要想在当前形势下成为国内领先的国际化银行,就必须转变经营观念,充分认识市场营销的重要性,在不断加大技术创新、产品研发力度的同时,灵活制定和运用营销策略,通过系统整合、深度挖掘、细节雕琢等,在激烈的市场竞争中取得主动权,以赢得客户,赢得市场。本文以相关概念和理论为研究基础,采用问卷调查法、PEST分析法、波特五力分析法和SWOT分析法等,在对刚果银行营销现状进行分析的基础上,研究了刚果银行的营销战略,理性选择了刚果银行的营销策略,提出了实施刚果银行营销策略的对策保障,以期为刚果银行的健康、可持续发展提供有益的帮助。

关键词：刚果银行营销策略实施保障

Exploitation of Pangolins (Pholidota, Mammalia) by Communities Living in and around the Tayna Nature reserve (rNT) North kivu, Democratic republic of Congo (DrC)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第4期8卷 1-17页

作者： David kambale Malimbo Jonas kambale Nyumu kasereka Vitekere Joel Mapoli Benzeth Visando Juakaly Mbumba Guy Crispin Tungaluna Francis Tarla Yan Hua Department of Ecology and Management of Animal resources Kasugho University of Nature Conservation and DevelopmentGomaDRC MENTOr-POP(Progress on Pangolin) Zoological Society of London(ZSL-Cameroon)YaoundeCameroon Department of Ecology and Management of Animal resources Faculty of SciencesUniversity of KisanganiKisanganiDRC College of Wildlife and Protected Areas Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and UtilizationGuangdong Academy of ForestryGuangzhouChina

Pangolin exploitation has recently increased in diverse forms such as bushmeat consumption;species or parts trade, medical use. This species is protected in Democratic republic of Congo (DrC) and worldwide, unfortunately it is threatened by numerous human actions. The purpose of this study was to determine the profiles of actors using pangolins, the reasons for pangolin exploitation and its products and their use within the local community in and surrounding the reserve. We carried out surveys in the households of hunters, farmers and people practicing other professions in 12 villages, located within the Tayna Nature reserve (rNT) and surroundings areas. Two interview techniques were used: the individual interview and the participatory diagnostic technique. During one month of data collection, 175 respondents were interviewed. respondents had diverse profiles according to sex, age, education level and ethnicity. Men were more represented as actors in pangolin exploitation (71.70%) than women (28.30%);the most represented age interval was 20 - 30 years. The education level is distinct amongst respondents: illiterate (37%), primary school (32.4%) and graduate from university (2.9%). An average number of respondents are motivated to consume pangolin as meat obtained by hunting at 50%. The main reason for its consumption is preference (44%) and habit (33%). The scales are pangolin derivatives most recognized by local people and widely used in the pharmacopoeia. Consequently, pangolin protection needs some rigorous measures to reinforce the current law implementation.

关键词： Pangolin Derivative Products Local Community Exploitation Traditional Medicine and Tayna Nature reserve

Floristic Diversity, Stand Structure and Plant Life Traits in the Forest-Savanna Mosaic at Ndjole (Centre Cameroon)

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Post Debarking response of Prunus africana (Hook. F) kalkman (rosaceae) Trees at Two Exploitation Sites in North kivu (Eastern Democratic republic of Congo)

Open Journal of Ecology（生态学期刊） 2024年第4期 309页

作者： Djeuguen Vanessa Tchaleu Solefack Marie Caroline Momo Mateso Aimé kambale Ndondjeu Charles Tafen Yanick Borel kamga Victor François Nguetsop

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Open Journal of Forestry 2023年第2期13卷 161-181页

作者： kambale Eloge Muhesi Musubao Moïse kapiri Jean Lagarde Betti Ndongo Din Department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Water and Forests Catholic University of the Graben Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology and Physiology of Plant Organisms University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Prunus africana is a species of great economic, medicinal and ecological importance. Due to its multiple uses, unsustainable exploitation methods and low regeneration capacity in tropical rainforests, this species is threatened with extinction. Present and exploited in the eastern part of Dr Congo, knowledge of the dynamics of post-bark regeneration of Prunus africana remains fragmentary and poorly known. In North kivu province, this species thrives in both afromontane forest and lowland tropical rainforest habitats. In order to contribute to the rational and sustainable exploitation of Prunus africana in this province, this paper was carried out with the objective of contributing to the knowledge of the dynamics of the regeneration of post-harvest bark of Prunus africana in two exploitation sites (low and high altitude). To achieve this objective, the inventory was conducted on 16 plots of 25 hectares each, with 8 plots per site. Dendrometric parameters (diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height) and tree growth and regeneration parameters, i.e., stem bark thickness of the unharvested and harvested portions of the trees (bark reconstitution) were measured. A total of 716 barked stems of Prunus africana in 2016 in 25 hectares constituted the study sample. results show that sites do not influence diameter at breast height of P. africana trees (p > 0.05) or total tree height. The bark diameter of harvested trees and the bark diameter of unharvested trees varied significantly by site (p 0.05). In contrast, the annual growth rate of bark differed with altitude;the highest rate was observed in trees growing at high altitude (2.97 ± 0.9 mm/yr) compared to 2.23 ± 0.74 mm/yr at low altitude. In view of these results, this study indicates that a half-rotation of 7 years could allow an effective reconstitution of the bark of Prunus africana at the second passage on the remaining side of the same stem.

关键词： Dendrometric Parameters regeneration Capacity Tree reconstitution rate Debarking Prunus africana Dr Congo