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Boosting the catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction via a heterostructure of porous iron oxide-decorated 2D NiO/NG nanosheets

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 669-681,I0016页

作者： kakali Maiti Matthew T.Curnan Hyung Jun kim kyeounghak kim Jeong Woo Han Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Clean-Energy Research InstituteHanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology RRL CampusAcharya ViharBhubaneswarOdisha 751013India

As a noble metal substitute,two-dimensional(2D)hierarchical nano-frame structures have attracted great interest as candidate catalysts due to their remarkable advantages-high intrinsic activity,high electron mobility,and straightforward surface ***,they may replace pt-based catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)***,a simple method is developed to design hierarchical nano-frame structures assembled via 2D NiO and N-doped graphene(NG)*** procedure can yield nanostructures that satisfy the criteria correlated with improved electrocatalytic performance,such as large surface area,numerous undercoordinated atoms,and high defect ***,porous NG nanosheet architectures,featuring NiO nanosheets densely coordinated with accessible holey Fe_(2)O_(3) moieties,can enhance mesoporosity and balance *** improvements can facilitate charge transport and expose formerly inaccessible reaction sites,maximizing active site density *** functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal favored O_(2) adsorption and dissociation on Fe_(2)O_(3) hybrid structures when supported by 2D NiO and NG nanomaterials,given 2D materials donated charge to Fe_(2)O_(3) active *** systematic studies reveal that synergistic contributions are responsible for enriching the catalytic activity of Fe_(2)O_(3)@NiO/NG in alkaline media-encompassing internal voids and pores,unique hierarchical support structures,and concentrated N-dopant and bimetallic atomic ***,this work expands the toolbox for designing and synthesizing highly efficient 2D/2D shelled functional nanomaterials with transition metals,endeavoring to benefit energy conversion and related ORR applications.

关键词： N-doped graphene Holey Fe_(2)O_(3)nanocrystals NiO nanosheets High catalytic performance ORR

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An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Adversarial Examples in Malware Detection

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3535-3563页

作者： Younghoon Ban Myeonghyun kim Haehyun Cho School of Software Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Korea

Antivirus vendors and the research community employ Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)-based static analysis techniques for efficient identification of new threats,given the continual emergence of novel malware *** the other hand,numerous researchers have reported that Adversarial Examples(AEs),generated by manipulating previously detected malware,can successfully evade ML/DL-based *** antivirus systems,in particular,have been identified as vulnerable to such *** paper firstly focuses on conducting black-box attacks to circumvent ML/DL-based malware *** attack method utilizes seven different perturbations,including Overlay Append,Section Append,and Break Checksum,capitalizing on the ambiguities present in the pE format,as previously employed in evasion attack *** directly applying the perturbation techniques to pE binaries,our attack method eliminates the need to grapple with the problem-feature space dilemma,a persistent challenge in many evasion attack *** a black-box attack,our method can generate AEs that successfully evade both DL-based and ML-based ***,AEs generated by the attack method retain their executability and malicious behavior,eliminating the need for functionality *** thorogh evaluations,we confirmed that the attack method achieves an evasion rate of 65.6%against well-known ML-based malware detectors and can reach a remarkable 99%evasion rate against well-known DL-based malware ***,our AEs demonstrated the capability to bypass detection by 17%of vendors out of the 64 on VirusTotal(VT).In addition,we propose a defensive approach that utilizes Trend Locality Sensitive Hashing(TLSH)to construct a similarity-based defense *** several experiments on the approach,we verified that our defense model can effectively counter AEs generated by the perturbation *** conclusion,our defense model alleviates the limitation of the mos

关键词： Malware classification machine learning adversarial examples evasion attack cybersecurity

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Role of glutathione transferase in phase separation of FUS and TAF15 in neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1999-2000页

作者： kiyoung kim Department of Medical Science Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord,leading to muscle weakness,paralysis,and ultimately death(Cleveland and Rothstein,2001).Frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD)is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain,leading to changes in behavior,personality,and language(Van Langenhove et al.,2012).Both ALS and FTLD are classified as proteinopathies in which abnormal protein aggregation and accumulation in neurons contribute to the disease *** in sarcoma(FUS)is a DNA/RNA-binding protein involved in various cellular processes,including transcriptional regulation,RNA splicing,and DNA *** in the FUS gene have been linked to familial ALS,highlighting the importance of FUS in the disease pathogenesis(Vance et al.,2009).In ALS and FTLD,aberrant post-translational modifications(pTMs)of FUS,such as phosphorylation,acetylation,and methylation,have been implicated in the promotion of FUS aggregation and neurotoxicity(Choi et al.,2023).Therefore,understanding the regulatory mechanisms of FUS pTMs is crucial for developing targeted therapies against these diseases.

关键词： degeneration FUS aggregation

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Comparative efficacy and optimal duration of first-line antibiotic regimens for acute otitis media in children and adolescents:a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 89 randomized clinicaltrials

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World Journal of pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 219-229页

作者： Min Seo kim Jae Han kim Seohyun Ryu Seung Won Lee Dong keon Yon Eunyoung kim Ai koyanagi Elena Dragioti Jae Il Shin Lee Smith Samsung Advanced Institute forHealth Sciences&Technology(SAIHST) Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Yonsei University Collegeof Medicine SeoulRepublicof Korea Department of precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea Center for Digital Health Medical Science Research InstituteKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Evidence-Based Research Laboratory Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical CareCollege of PharmacyChung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM/ISCIII Universitat de BarcelonaFundacio Sant Joan de Déu.Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23BarcelonaSpain pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping University58185 LinkopingSweden Department of pediatrics Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei-ro 50Seodaemun-gu8044Seoul 03722Republic of Korea Centre for Health Performanceand WellbeingAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge CB11PTUK Research Laboratory psychology of patients Families&Health ProfessionalsDepartment of NursingSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece

Introduction Antibiotic use for acute otitis media(AOM)is one of the major sources of antimicrobial ***,the effective minimal antibiotic duration for AOM remains ***,guidelines often recommend broad ranges(5-10 days)of antibiotic use,yet the clinical impact of such a wide window has not been *** We systematically searched pubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library from database inception to 6 October *** meta-analysis was conducted on randomized controlled trials that assessed antibiotic treatment for AOM in children(pROSpERO CRD42020196107).Results For amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate,7-day regimens were noninferior to 10-day regimens in clinical responses[amoxicillin:risk ratio(RR)0.919(95%CI 0.820-1.031),amoxicillin-clavulanate:RR 1.108(0.957-1.282)],except for≤2 *** the third-generation cephalosporins,7-day and 10-day regimens had similar clinical responses compared to placebo[7-day:RR 1.420(1.190-1.694),10-day:RR 1.238(1.125-1.362)compared to placebo].However,5-day regimens of amoxicillin-clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins were inferior to 10-day *** to amoxicillin,a shorter treatment duration was tolerable with *** Our findings indicated that 1O days of antibiotic use may be unnecessarily long,while the treatment duration should be longer than 5 ***,5-day regimens would be sufficient for a modest treatment *** findings revealed that the current wide range of recommended antibiotic durations may have influenced the clinical outcome of AOM,and a narrower antibiotic duration window should be re-established.

关键词： Amoxicillin-potassium Amoxicillin Antibacterial agents Cephalosporins Duration of therapy

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Surface-functionalized hole-selective monolayer for high efficiency single-junction wide-bandgap and monolithic tandem perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 317-326,I0008页

作者： Devthade Vidyasagar Yeonghun Yun Jae Yu Cho Hyemin Lee kyung Won kim Yong Tae kim Sung Woong Yang Jina Jung Won Chang Choi Seonu kim Rajendra kumar Gunasekaran Seok Beom kang kwang Heo Dong Hoe kim Jaeyeong Heo Sangwook Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research CenterChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

Carbazole moiety-based 2pACz([2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid)self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)are excellent hole-selective contact(HSC)materials with abilities to excel the charge-transferdynamics of perovskite solar cells(pSCs).Herein,we report a facile but powerful method to functionalize the surface of 2pACz-SAM,by which reproducible,highly stable,high-efficiency wide-bandgap pSCs can be *** 2pACz surface treatment with various donor number solvents improves assembly of 2pACz-SAM and leave residual surface-bound solvent molecules on 2pACz-SAM,which increases perovskite grain size,retards halide segregation,and accelerates hole *** surface functionalization achieves a high power conversion efficiency(pCE)of 17.62%for a single-junction wide-bandgap(~1.77 e V)*** also demonstrate a monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cell using surfaceengineered HSC,showing high pCE of 24.66%with large open-circuit voltage of 2.008 V and high fillfactor of 81.45%.Our results suggest this simple approach can further improve the tandem device,when coupled with a high-performance narrow-bandgap sub-cell.

关键词： perovskite solar cells 2pACz Monolithic tandem solar cells Wide bandgap

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Negative Stiffness Mechanism on An Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter by Using A Weakly Nonlinear potential Model

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第4期38卷 689-700页

作者： Sunny kumar pOGULURI Dongeun kim Yoon Hyeok BAE Department of Ocean Engineering IIT MadrasChennaiIndia Multidisciplinary Graduate School program for Wind Energy Jeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea Mechanical and System Design Engineering Hongik UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Salter's duck,an asymmetrical wave energy converter(WEC)device,showed high efficiency in extracting energy from 2D regular waves in the past;yet,challenges remain for fluctuating wave *** can potentially be addressed by adopting a negative stiffness mechanism(NSM)in WEC devices to enhance system efficiency,even in highly nonlinear and steep 3D waves.A weakly nonlinear model was developed which incorporated a nonlinear restoring moment and NSM into the linear formulations and was applied to an asymmetric WEC using a time domain potential flow *** model was initially validated by comparing it with published experimental and numerical computational fluid dynamics *** current results were in good agreement with the published *** was found that the energy extraction increased in the range of 6%to 17%during the evaluation of the effectiveness of the NSM in regular *** irregular wave conditions,specifically at the design wave conditions for the selected test site,the energy extraction increased by 2.4%,with annual energy production increments of approximately *** findings highlight the potential of NSM in enhancing the performance of asymmetric WEC devices,indicating more efficient energy extraction under various wave conditions.

关键词： asymmetric wave energy converter negative stiffness mechanism weakly nonlinear potential flow power

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Chemical and mechanical properties of stainless, environment-friendly, and nonflammable Mg alloys (SEN alloys): A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 841-872页

作者： Jong Un Lee Hyun Ji kim Sang-Cheol Jin Ye Jin kim Young Min kim Bong Sun You Jun Ho Bae Sung Hyuk park Advanced Metals Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Missile Research Institute Agency for Defense DevelopmentDaejeon 34060Republic of Korea

This review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the korea Institute of Materials *** alloys are produced by adding small amounts of Ca and Y(eachptional ignition and corrosion resistances and impressive mechanical *** main advantages of SEN alloys are as follows.(1)A dense multi-oxide layer of SEN alloys comprising MgO,CaO,and Y_(2)O_(3) impedes the outward dispersion of Mg vapor and the inward penetration of O_(2) during oxidation,thereby enhancing the oxidation and ignition resistances.(2)The presence of Ca-and Y-based second-phase particles in SEN alloys can enhance their corrosion resistance because Ca-containing particles prevent the spread of corrosion,and the replacement of Al-containing particles with less noble ones containing Y(e.g.,Al–Mn–Y or Al–Y particles)retards corrosion.(3)The addition of minor amounts of Ca and Y renders excellent mechanical properties due to improved strengthening *** enhanced properties are attributed to more pronounced dynamic recrystallization and grain refining behaviors caused by the second-phase particles during extrusion.(4)Despite the presence of various types of second-phase particles,the fatigue properties of SEN9 alloys are similar to those of commercial AZ91 alloys.(5)Simultaneous introduction of Ca and Y suppresses the formation of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates during aging,leading to the enhanced elongation of aged SEN alloys.(6)Adding mischmetal into the SEN9 alloy leads to a six-fold enhancement in ***,the studies conducted on SEN alloys demonstrate their excellent ignition and corrosion resistances and mechanical properties,which broaden the industrial applications of Mg alloys by addressing their inherent weaknesses.

关键词： SEN magnesium alloy Corrosion resistance Ignition resistance Mechanical properties Extrudability.

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Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo kim Hyunju k.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh David Sibeck kip D.kuntz Frederick S.porter Catriana k.paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind *** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray *** this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground *** method estimates RS with an accuracy of10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic *** method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field ***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the daysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

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YOLO-Based Damage Detection with StyleGAN3 Data Augmentation for parcel Information-Recognition System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 195-215页

作者： Seolhee kim Sang-Duck Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea Logistics System Research Division Korea Railroad Research InstituteUiwang16105Republic of Korea

Damage to parcels reduces customer satisfactionwith delivery services and increases return-logistics *** can be prevented by detecting and addressing the damage before the parcels reach the ***,various studies have been conducted on deep learning techniques related to the detection of parcel *** study proposes a deep learning-based damage detectionmethod for various types of *** is intended to be part of a parcel information-recognition systemthat identifies the volume and shipping information of parcels,and determines whether they are damaged;this method is intended for use in the actual parcel-transportation *** this purpose,1)the study acquired image data in an environment simulating the actual parcel-transportation process,and 2)the training dataset was expanded based on StyleGAN3 with adaptive discriminator ***,3)a preliminary distinction was made between the appearance of parcels and their damage status to enhance the performance of the parcel damage detection model and analyze the causes of parcel ***,using the dataset constructed based on the proposed method,a damage type detection model was trained,and its mean average precision was *** model can improve customer satisfaction and reduce return costs for parcel delivery companies.

关键词： parcel delivery service damage detection damage classification data augmentation generative adversarial network

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SARS-CoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics to induce robust virus propagation

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2702-2715页

作者： Hye Jin Shin Wooseong Lee keun Bon ku Gun Young Yoon Hyun-Woo Moon Chonsaeng kim Mi-Hwa kim Yoon-Sun Yi Sangmi Jun Bum-Tae kim Jong-Won Oh Aleem Siddiqui Seong-Jun kim Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection Korea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon 34114Republic of Korea Gyeongnam Biohealth Research Center Gyeongnam Branch InstituteKorea Institute of ToxicologyJinju 52834Republic of Korea Center for Research Equipment Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongjuChungcheongbuk-do 28119Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Division of Infectious Diseases School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA present address:Department of Microbiology Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015Republic of Korea

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a‘highly transmissible respiratory pathogen,leading to severe multiorgan ***,knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular alterations is *** this study,we report that SARSCoV-2 aberrantly elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics and activates the EGFR-mediated cell survival signal cascade during the early stage of viral ***-CoV-2 causes an increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential via the SARS-CoV-2 RNAnucleocapsid cluster,thereby abnormally promoting mitochondrial elongation and the OXpHOS process,followed by enhancing ATp ***,SARS-CoV-2 activates the EGFR signal cascade and subsequently induces mitochondrial EGFR trafficking,contributing to abnormal OXpHOS process and viral *** EGFR inhibitors remarkably reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation,among which vandetanib exhibits the highest antiviral *** of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with vandetanib decreases SARS-CoV-2-induced EGFR trafficking to the mitochondria and restores SARS-CoV-2-induced aberrant elevation in OXpHOS process and ATp generation,thereby resulting in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 ***,oral administration of vandetanib to SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 transgenic mice reduces SARS-CoV-2 propagation in lung tissue and mitigates SARS-CoV-2-induced lung *** also exhibits potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern,including alpha,beta,delta and omicron,in in vitro cell culture *** together,our findings provide novel insight into SARS-CoV-2-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and EGFR trafficking during the early stage of viral infection and their roles in robust SARS-CoV-2 propagation,suggesting that EGFR is an attractive host target for combating COVID-19.

关键词： alterations aberrant thereby

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