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hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil J William Carey Meng Meng Luke p.Frash philip h.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).however,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(ThMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(hM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosityperhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

A new technique for fault diagnosis in transformer insulating oil based on infrared spectroscopy measurements

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high Voltage 2024年第2期9卷 319-335页

作者： Mohamed M.F.darwish Mohamed h.A.hassan Nagat M.k.Abdel-Gawad Matti Lehtonen diaa-Eldin A.Mansour department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt department of Electrical Engineering and Automation School of Electrical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland department of Electrical power Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology(E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab CityEgypt department of Electrical power and Machines Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt

Condition monitoring of the insulating system within power transformers has a massive importance according to the electrical *** gas analysis(dGA)is frequently used for this ***,dGA lacks the necessary level of accuracy to identify all equipment faults,particularly in their initial stages of ***,it does not have the capability for real-time monitoring and relies on manual sampling and laboratory testing,causing potential delays in fault ***,the interpretation of dGA data necessitates specialised expertise,which may pose difficulties for smaller entities that have limited access to ***,the contribution of this research is to use infrared spectroscopy measurements as a new effective technique substituting the dGA method for fault diagnosis in insulating *** inception faults that were considered in this study were the electrical fault(discharges of high energy)and the thermal fault(300°Cperatureding that,two test cells were crafted especially for serving the simulation processes inside the laboratory for both types of inception ***,six samples of pure paraffinic mineral oil were taken to be degraded in the *** that,all of them besides another sample that were not subjected to any kind of faults were taken to be examined by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy to obtain an overview of the oil's behaviour in each fault *** that,the FTIR analysis was initially verified utilising the dGA ***,for further affirmation,the dielectric dissipation factor(ddF)for all samples was *** the final analysis,the verification tests provide experimental evidence about the outperformance of this new optical technique in detecting the transformer's inception faults in addition to proving its potential for being a superior alternative to the well-known traditional diagnostic techniques.

关键词： fault diagnosis spectroscopy

Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.pereira Martins Natalie B.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan d.h.Barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

Trehalose:A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Ali Raza Savita Bhardwaj Md Atikur Rahman pedro García-Caparrós Madiha habib Faisal Saeed Sidra Charagh Christine h.Foyer kadambot h.M.Siddique Rajeev k.Varshney College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(FAFU)Fuzhou 350002FujianChina department of Botany School of Bioengineering and BiosciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwara 144411India department of Botany MCM DAV CollegeKangraHimachal Pradesh 176001India Grassland and Forage division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan 31000Republic of Korea Agronomy department of Superior School Engineering University of AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology National Agricultural Research CentrePark Rd.Islamabad 45500Pakistan Agriculture Health and Environment DepartmentNatural Resources InstituteFaculty of Engineering&ScienceUniversity of GreenwichKent ME44TBUK State key laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerth 6009Australia WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Trehalose(Tre)is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species,including bacteria,fungi,invertebrates,yeast,and even plants,where it acts as an osmoprotectant,energy source,or protein/membrane *** relatively small amounts in plants,Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic ***-6-phosphate,a precursor of Tre,has regulatory functions in sugar metabolism,crop production,and stress *** the various abiotic stresses,temperature extremes(heat or cold stress)are anticipated to impact crop production worldwide due to ongoing climate *** small amounts of Tre can mitigate negative physiological,metabolic,and molecular responses triggered by temperature *** also interacts with other sugars,osmoprotectants,amino acids,and phytohormones to regulate metabolic reprogramming that underpins temperature stress *** plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accumulate Tre and show improved stress ***-wide studies of Tre-encoding genes suggest roles in plant growth,development,and stress *** review discusses the functions of Tre in mitigating temperature stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches to modify Tre metabolism,crosstalk,and interactions with other molecules—and in-silico approaches for identifying novel Tre-encoding genes in diverse plant *** consider how this knowledge can be used to develop temperature-resilient crops essential for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Abiotic stress Gene expression Genetic engineering Osmolyte Trehalose-6-phosphate

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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.p.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov d.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.h.Bu F.M.Cai h.Cai J.J.Cao Q.h.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang k.T.Chao d.Y.Chen h.Chen h.X.Chen J.F.Chen k.Chen L.L.Chen p.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.p.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen h.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.p.dai L.Y.dai X.C.dai d.dedovich A.denig I.denisenko J.M.dias d.Z.ding L.Y.dong W.h.dong V.druzhinin d.S.du Y.J.du Z.G.du L.M.duan d.Epifanov Y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao p.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.k.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.p.Guo Z.h.Guo A.Guskov k.L.han L.han M.han X.Q.hao J.B.he S.Q.he X.G.he Y.L.he Z.B.he Z.X.heng B.L.hou T.J.hou Y.R.hou C.Y.hu h.M.hu k.hu R.J.hu W.h.hu X.h.hu Y.C.hu J.hua G.S.huang J.S.huang M.huang Q.Y.huang W.Q.huang X.T.huang X.J.huang Y.B.huang Y.S.huang N.hüsken V.Ivanov Q.p.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.k.Jia h.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao h.J.Jing X.L.kang X.S.kang B.C.ke M.kenzie A.khoukaz I.koop E.kravchenko A.kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.h.Li C.Li d.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li h.B.Li h.Li h.N.Li h.J.Li h.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li p.R.Li R.h.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.h.Li X.Q.Li X.h.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li Z.J.Li h.Liang J.h.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin d.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu d.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu h.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu k.Liu k.Y.Liu k.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.Y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu Z.Lu p.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.h.Luo h.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.p.Ma p.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde d.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang p.pakhlov G.pakhlova X.pan Y.pan E.passemar Y.p.pei h.p.peng L.peng X.Y.peng X.J.peng k.peters S.pivovarov E.pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer h.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS key laboratory of Theoretical physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École polytechnique Fédérale de lausanne(EpFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China hebei University Baoding 071002China hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China henan University Kaifeng 475004China high Energy physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea higher School of Economy 11 pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia huangshan University Huangshan 245000China hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of high Energy physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEpCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&d *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&d and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

Structural Analysis for Qazzaz Metamorphic Core Complex, Northwestern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期 1187-1201页

作者： Mansour h.AL-hAShIM Osama M.k.kASSEM department of Geology and Geophysics College of Science King Saud University department of Geology National Research Center

Identifying deformational mechanisms and associated structures at various scales, ranging from regional-scale structures to microscopic fabric, is crucial for the assessment of tectonic development. Thirty-three samples were taken from the Qazzaz metamorphic core complex to estimate the finite strain for felsic and mafic minerals. These samples included gneisses rocks, monzogranite, and metavolcano–sedimentary rocks for both the Thalbah and Bayda groups. Using the Rf/j and Fry methods, the axial ratios(XZ) range about 2.20 to 7.10 and 1.90 to 9.10, respectively. For various rock units, the strain measurements show moderate to highly deformation. Most of the observed samples show shallow WNW dipping along a N to WNW trend of finite strain(X). The short axes(Z) based to be subvertical foliation related with a subhorizontal foliation. The results demonstrate that contacts generated at semi-brittle to ductile deformation and that the strain of magnitude has the same value for different lithologic units. It concluded that nappe generation in orogens results from pure shear deformation.

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Two decades of fire activity over the pEEX domain:a look from space,with contribution from models and ground-based measurements

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Big Earth data 2024年第2期8卷 350-396页

作者： larisa Sogacheva Timo h.Virtanen Anu-Maija Sundström pekka kolmonen Mikhail Sofiev hanna k.lappalainen Antti Arola Finnish Meteorological Institute Climate Research ProgrammeHelsinkiFinland Finnish Meteorological Institute Space and Earth Observation CentreHelsinkiFinland Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

It has been suggested that forest fires will become more frequent/intense with changing climate,which would increase aerosol/gas emissions into the atmosphere.A better under-standing of the relations between meteorological conditions,fires,and fire emissions will help estimate the climate response via forest *** this study,we use ERA5 meteor-ological products,including temperature,precipitation,and soil moisture,to explain the frequency of forest fires and the amount of radiant energy released per time unit by burning vegetation(fire radiative power,FRp).We explore the relation-ships between satellite-retrieved fire products and aerosol properties(aerosol optical depth,AOd),carbon monoxide(CO),formaldehyde(hChO),and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))con-centrations over the pEEX domain,which covers different vegetation zones(***/grasslands,forest,arctic tun-dra)of pan-Eurasia and *** analyse the concentrations of black carbon and absorbing organic carbon using groundbased AErosol RObotic *** analysis covers the months of May to August from 2002 to *** show posi-tive temperature trends in the Northern zone(>65°N)in June and August(1.56°C and 0.64°C,respectively);all statistically significant trends for precipitation and soil moisture are *** can explain increased fire activity in Siberia over the recent years(2019-2022).Over the whole pEEX domain,FC and FRp trends remain insignificant or negative;a decrease in AOd may address those negative *** show that intrasummer variations exist for cropland/grassland fires,which occur most often in May and August,while Siberian forest fires occur more often in July and *** show that CO concentration has been gradually decreasing in the last two decades in May and *** trends are negative in May,June,and over summer for all regions,in July in Europe,China,the Southern zone(d the pEEX *** trends are not significant in all ***_(2)trends are positive in May and

关键词： pEEX wild fires satellite trend enhancement ratios

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and planetary physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter M.dunlop C.Forsyth k.Oksavik E.donovon A.kavanagh S.E.Milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.Sibeck M.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan M.G.G.T.Taylor k.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham A.dimmock M.p.Freeman d.-S.han M.d.hartinger S.-Y.W.hsieh Z.-J.hu M.k.James L.Juusola k.kauristie E.A.kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.McCrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick k.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun M.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-h.Zhang planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China key laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China department of Space and Climate physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway department of physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space physics KirunaSweden West highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns hopkins University Applied physics laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space plasma physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

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Rao Algorithms-Based Structure Optimization for heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 873-897页

作者： Shereen k.Refaay Samia A.Ali Moumen T.El-Melegy Louai A.Maghrabi hamdy h.El-Sayed Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Sohag UniversitySohag82524Egypt Faculty of Engineering Assiut UniversityAssiut711745Egypt College of Engineering University of Business and TechnologyJeddah23411Saudi Arabia

The structural optimization of wireless sensor networks is a critical issue because it impacts energy consumption and hence the network’s *** studies have been conducted for homogeneous networks,but few have been performed for heterogeneouswireless sensor *** paper utilizes Rao algorithms to optimize the structure of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks according to node locations and their initial *** proposed algorithms lack algorithm-specific parameters and metaphorical *** proposed algorithms examine the search space based on the relations of the population with the best,worst,and randomly assigned *** proposed algorithms can be evaluated using any routing protocol,however,we have chosen the well-known routing protocols in the literature:Low Energy Adaptive Clustering hierarchy(LEACh),power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(pEAGSIS),partitioned-based Energy-efficient LEACh(pE-LEACh),and the power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems Neural Network(pEAGSIS-NN)recent routing *** compare our optimized method with the Jaya,the particle Swarm Optimization-based Energy Efficient Clustering(pSO-EEC)protocol,and the hybrid harmony Search Algorithm and pSO(hSA-pSO)*** efficiencies of our proposed algorithms are evaluated by conducting experiments in terms of the network lifetime(first dead node,half dead nodes,and last dead node),energy consumption,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base *** experimental results were compared with those obtained using the Jaya optimization *** proposed algorithms exhibited the best *** proposed approach successfully prolongs the network lifetime by 71% for the pEAGSIS protocol,51% for the LEACh protocol,10% for the pE-LEACh protocol,and 73% for the pEGSIS-NN protocol;Moreover,it enhances other criteria such as energy conservation,fitness convergence,packets to cluster head,and packets to the base sta

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Rao algorithms optimization LEACh pEAGSIS