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Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov n.E.Andreev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused Energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national Research nuclear University MEPhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHELIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James k.Lugata Sawadi F.ndunguru Gebrehaweria k.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of Animal nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(noIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pnificantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLn)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Pnotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLn),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pn conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors:Benign,malignant,and uncertain malignant potential

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2374-2378页

作者： Marcelo Fabián Amante División Patología Hospital General de Agudos Cosme ArgerichBuenos Aires C1155AHAArgentina División Patología Hospital Alemán de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires C1155AHAArgentina

In 2013,the World Health Organization defined perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa)as“a mesenchymal tumor which shows a local association with vessel walls and usually expresses melanocyte and smooth muscle markers.”This generic definition seems to better fit the PEComa family,which includes angiomyolipoma,clear cell sugar tumor of the lung,lymphangioleiomyomatosis,and a group of histologically and immunophenotypically similar tumors that include primary extrapulmonary sugar tumor and clear cell myomelanocytic *** cell tumors with this immunophenotypic pattern have also had their malignant variants *** localizing to the liver,preoperative radiological diagnosis has proven to be very difficult,and most patients have been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma,focal nodular hyperplasia,hemangioma,or hepatic adenoma based on imaging *** of a malignant variant of the liver have been ***,reports of malignant variants of these lesions have increased in recent ***,we support the use of the Folpe criteria,which in 2005 established the criteria for categorizing a PEComa as benign,malignant,or of uncertain malignant *** they are not considered ideal,they currently seem to be the best approach and could be used for the categorization of liver tumors.

关键词： PEComas Liver Pathology Malignant Benign Uncertain malignant potential

Contributions to the knowledge of Antarctodon sobrali(Mammalia:Astrapotheria)from the Eocene of Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 48-62页

作者： Javier n.GELFO Consejo nacional de Investigaciones Científicasy Técnicas(COnICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La PlataUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina

The Astrapotheria constitutes one of the five orders of extinct South American native ungulates,with a fossil record that also extends to the Eocene of the Antarctic *** contrast to the abundant specimens known for litoptern Sparnotheriodontidae and metatherians,astrapotheres are represented by scant remains assigned to the endemic Antarctodon sobrali and indeterminate astrapotheres,restricted to levels 35C_(u0)and 35n of the Cucullaea I Allomember of the La Meseta *** discovery of alower molar assignable to this species in the Eocene levels of Seymour(Marambio)Island,enables a revision of the diagnosis and the homologies of the dental characters used to describe this taxon.A reanalysis of its phylogenetic relationships reveals the nearly simultaneous presence of basal astrapotheres in the early Eocene of Itaboraí(Brazil),Patagonia,and West *** taxa are characterized by lacking dental specializations usually associated with more abrasive diets like terminal forms of Uruguaytheriinae and *** appears to have thrived on the Antarctic continent during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum within the paleoclimatic context of a hot-house *** present conditions in Antarctica where no terrestrial mammals inhabit,the early Eocene climate was characterized by warmer temperatures and a biologically diverse environment rich in primary producers,dominated by nothofagus forests,encompassing both deciduous and evergreen forests,which supported a diverse assemblage of continental vertebrates.

关键词： Astrapotheria Antarctodon Eocene Seymour Island La Meseta Formation

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nanomotion of bacteria to determine metabolic profile

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nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第1期7卷 1-9页

作者： S.n.Pleskova E.V.Lazarenko n.A.Bezrukov R.n.kriukov A.V.Boryakov M.E.Dokukin S.I.Surodin Research Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Department of nanotechnology and Biotechnology Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a.R.E.AlekseevNizhny Novgorod 603950Russia Sarov Physics and Technology Institute National Research Nuclear University MEPhISarov 607186Russia

In addition to their visible motion such as swimming(e.g.,with the help ofﬂagella),bacteria can also exhibit nanomotion that is detectable only with highly sensitive instruments,and this study shows that it is possible to detect bacterial nanomotion using an AFM detection *** results show that the nanomotion characteristics depend on the bacterial strain,and that nanomotion can be used to sense the metabolic activity of bacteria because the oscillations are sensitive to the food preferences of the bacteria and the type of surrounding medium.

关键词： nanomotion Bacteria Cantilever Oscillation Atomic force microscopy Metabolism

Thermo-and pH-sensitive Polymer with Pendant Spacer-linked Imidazole Cycles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 437-445页

作者： natalya V.Zakharova Stanislav n.Zelinskiy Mariya S.Strelova Elena n.Danilovtseva Vadim V.Annenkov Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg199004Russia Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk664033Russia

By the reaction of poly(acryloyl chloride) with n-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, poly(n-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)acrylamide) was synthesized. The new polymer contains an imidazole ring removed from the main chain by a spacer of five bonds. The structure and purity, molecular weight, hydrodynamic and thermosensitive properties of the obtained sample were studied by1H-and13C-nMR, FTIR spectroscopy, acid-base titration, light scattering, turbidimetry and viscometry. The observed ability of the imidazole-containing polymer to form and destroy associates in water-salt solutions at pH 6.6-7.4 and temperatures of 29-48℃ indicates that these are promising candidates for designing complex biomedical systems. The new polymer is able to form complexes with oligo-DnA more actively than poly(1-vinylimidazole), which is of interest for gene delivery applications. The polymer cross-linked with epichlorohydrin gives micro-relief coatings on the plastic surface, and the modified surface is able to attach negatively charged objects. This thermo-and pH-sensitive polymer modification can be applied to create finely controlled surfaces for cell culturing.

关键词： Imidazole-containing polymer Thermolability pH-sensitivity The modified surface DnA immobilization

Hybrid Prairie Dog and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Objective Load Balanced-Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments

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China Communications 2024年第7期21卷 307-324页

作者： k Ramya Senthilselvi Ayothi Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyRamapuramChennaiTamil Nadu 600089India

The cloud computing technology is utilized for achieving resource utilization of remotebased virtual computer to facilitate the consumers with rapid and accurate massive data *** utilizes on-demand resource provisioning,but the necessitated constraints of rapid turnaround time,minimal execution cost,high rate of resource utilization and limited makespan transforms the Load Balancing(LB)process-based Task Scheduling(TS)problem into an nP-hard optimization *** this paper,Hybrid Prairie Dog and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(HPDBWOA)is propounded for precise mapping of tasks to virtual machines with the due objective of addressing the dynamic nature of cloud *** capability of HPDBWOA helps in decreasing the SLA violations and Makespan with optimal resource *** is modelled as a scheduling strategy which utilizes the merits of PDOA and BWOA for attaining reactive decisions making with respect to the process of assigning the tasks to virtual resources by considering their priorities into *** addresses the problem of pre-convergence with wellbalanced exploration and exploitation to attain necessitated Quality of Service(QoS)for minimizing the waiting time incurred during TS *** further balanced exploration and exploitation rates for reducing the makespan during the task allocation with complete awareness of VM *** results of the proposed HPDBWOA confirmed minimized energy utilization of 32.18% and reduced cost of 28.94% better than approaches used for *** statistical investigation of the proposed HPDBWOA conducted using AnOVA confirmed its efficacy over the benchmarked systems in terms of throughput,system,and response time.

关键词： Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(BWOA) cloud computing Improved Hopcroft-karp algorithm Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm(PDOA) Virtual Machine(VM)

Pediatric and adult liver transplantation in Bahrain: The experiences in a country with no available liver transplant facilities

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 96-111页

作者： Hasan M Isa Fatema A Alkharsi Jawad k khamis Sawsan A Hasan Zainab A naser Zainab n Mohamed Afaf M Mohamed Shaikha A Altamimi Department of Pediatrics Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of Medicine Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Public Health Directorate Ministry of HealthManama 26671Bahrain The Overseas Office Supreme Committee for Treatment AbroadMinistry of HealthManama 26671Bahrain

BACkGROUnD Liver transplantation(LT)is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease and has become the standard and most effective treatment method for these *** are many indications for LT that vary between countries and *** outcome of LT depends on the available facilities and surgical expertise,as well as the types of liver graft donors *** To assess the clinical characteristics of patients from Bahrain who underwent LT overseas,and analyze factors affecting their *** In this retrospective cohort study,we reviewed the medical records and overseas committee registry information of all pediatric and adult patients who were sent overseas to undergo LT by the Pediatric and Medical Departments of Salmaniya Medical Complex and Bahrain Defence Force Hospital via the Overseas Treatment Office,Ministry of Health,kingdom of Bahrain,between 1997 and *** data,LT indication,donor-recipient relationship,overseas LT center,graft type,post-LT medications,and LT complications,were *** measured included the overall and 5-year LT survival ***’s exact,Pearsonχ2,and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the pediatric and the adults’group in terms of clinical characteristics,donor-recipient relationship,medication,complications,and *** analysis was estimated via the kaplan-Meier’s *** and multivariate analyses were used to detect predictors of *** Of the 208 eligible patients,170(81.7%)were sent overseas to undergo LT while 38(18.3%)remained on the waiting *** the 170 patients,167(80.3%)underwent LT and were included in the *** majority of the patients were Bahraini(91.0%),and most were males(57.5%).One-hundred-and-twenty(71.8%)were adults and 47(28.3%)were *** median age at transplant was 50.0[interquartile range(IQR):14.9–58.4]*** main indication for pediatric LT was biliary atresia(31.9%),while that of adult LT was

关键词： Overseas liver transplantation End-stage liver disease Liver transplant facilities Liver donor Biliary atresia Hepatitis C

Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.kRUPIn M.R.nURGALIEV A.R.nEMETS I.A.ZEMTSOV S.D.SUnTSOV T.B.MYALTOn D.S.SERGEEV n.A.SOLOVEV D.V.SARYCHEV D.V.RYJAkOV S.n.TUGARInOV n.n.nAUMEnkO national Research Centre“kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JSC“SOLAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak L-mode electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport