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ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF CARTEOLOL AND NIPRADILOL WITH LATANOPROST ON INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE

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国际眼科杂志 2003年第1期3卷 89-90页

作者： M.Haneda S.Shirato k.maruyama Hachioji Medical Center Tokyo Medical Univer-sity JapanHachioji Medical Center Tokyo Medical Univer-sity JapanHachioji Medical Center Tokyo Medical Univer-sity Japan

Purpose: To evaluate the additive effects of carteolol, a nonse-lective beta-blocker, and nipradilol, a newly developed alpha/beta- blocker, when used with latanoprost to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) in glauco... 详细信息

关键词：眼内压卡替洛尔尼普地洛拉坦前列素疗效累加效应

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两系法杂交稻育种现状

中国水稻科学 1994年第1期8卷 48-54页

作者：卢兴桂张自国 S.SVirmani k.maruyama 湖北省农业科学院华中农业大学国际水稻研究所日本国立农业研究中心

石明松发现光敏核不育水稻，开辟了杂交稻研究的新篇章．两系法杂交稻的发展依赖于新的遗传工具，即光敏核不育水稻（ＰＧＭＲ）和温出核不育水稻（ＴＧＭＲ）。研究表明，农垦５８Ｓ系统的不育系不存在绝对的光敏不育性或绝对的温敏不... 详细信息

石明松发现光敏核不育水稻，开辟了杂交稻研究的新篇章．两系法杂交稻的发展依赖于新的遗传工具，即光敏核不育水稻（ＰＧＭＲ）和温出核不育水稻（ＴＧＭＲ）。研究表明，农垦５８Ｓ系统的不育系不存在绝对的光敏不育性或绝对的温敏不育性，其育性转换都是受光温共同作用的结果．到目前为止，已育成了一批两系法品种间杂交稻组合．使型组合有ＮＡＮ７Ｓ／Ｒｇ－１、Ｎ５０８８Ｓ／Ｒ１８３、Ｎ５０８８／Ｒ１８７、３１３０１Ｓ／１５１４、７００１Ｓ／轮回４２２、７００ｌｓ／１５１４等．这些组合已在长江流域的双季稻区作晚稻种植了６０００多ｈｍ２，一般产量为６．７５～７．５０ｔ／ｈｍ２，比同生育期的常规粳稻品种鄂晚５号和鄂宜１０５等增产１０％～１５％，与同生育期的三系杂交籼稻汕优６４等产量持平．此外，具更强优势的亚种间杂交稻组合也已初步选出。

关键词：杂交稻育种两系法杂交现状

EFFECTS OF LATANOPROST AND BUNA- ZOSIN WHEN USED ALONE OR IN COM- BINATION

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国际眼科杂志 2003年第1期3卷 91-91页

作者： k.maruyama S.Shirato M.Hanede Hachioji Medical Center Tokyo Medical University JapanHachioji Medical Center Tokyo Medical University JapanHachioji Medical Center Tokyo Medical University Japan

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of latanoprost and bunazosin, a new alpha-blocking agent which increases uveoscleral outflow, on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients when used alone or in combination. Design: Open label randomized clinical study. Methods: Thirty-six patients (36 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma were randomly divided into

关键词：青光眼拉坦前列素布那唑嗪单一疗效联合治疗疗效

STUDY ON THE TEXTURE OF A FRICTION STIR WELDED Mg-Al-Ca ALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第5期19卷 335-340页

作者： D. T. Zhang M. Suzuki k. maruyama Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6-6-02 Aoba-yamaAoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan College of Mechanical Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640 China

Macro-texture of an Mg-Al-Ca alloy prepared by friction stir welding （FSW） was investigated through pole figure measurement and X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern analysis. It was found that at the top and bottom surfaces of friction stir zone （FSZ）, （0002） basal planes of magnesium tend to be arranged parallel to the plate surface. In the cross section of FSZ, no obvious texture had evolved and （0002） basal planes showed a random distribution.

关键词： friction stir welding (FSW) Mg-Al-Ca alloy texture microstructure

Relationship between Primary Crystal Temperature and Carbon Equivalent in Cast Iron

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第3期24卷 325-326页

作者： T.kanno T.kikuchi k.Hayashi Y.maruyama kimura Chuzosho Co.Ltd. 1157 Nagasawa Shimizu-choShizuoka-ken

CE （=%C＋（1/3）x（%Si）） does not suit experiment results in many cases. In this work, the effect of alloy elements on primary crystal temperature was measured and the relationship between primary crystal temperature （Tc） and carbon equivalent （CEL） was investigated. The results show that Tc （Celsius degree） = 1650-110 × （%C） -25 × （%Si）＋3 × （%Mn） -35 × （%P） -71 × （%5）-2 × （%Ni） -7 × （%Cr）; CEL=%C ＋ 0.23×（%Si）-0.03× （%Mn）＋0.32×（%P）＋0.64×（%S）＋0.02×（%Ni）＋0.06×（%Cr）. That is, in hypo eutectic composition, carbon equivalent should be calculated with CEL=%C＋ 0.23×（%Si）, not with CE=%C＋（1/3） x（%Si）.

关键词： Carbon equivalent Cast iron Primary crystal temperature Hypo eutectic composition

Origin of the Earth:A proposal of new model called ABEL

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 253-274页

作者： Shigenori maruyama Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior Okayama University RIkEN

The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 *** two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL *** is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other *** the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic *** present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive *** ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the ***,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable *** chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer *** Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer ***,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.

关键词： Origin of Earth and life Advent of bin-elements (ABEL)Origin of water on the Earth ABEL Bombardment Habitable Trinity planet Initiation of plate tectonics

United theory of biological evolution:Disaster-forced evolution through Supernova,radioactive ash fall-outs,genome instability,and mass extinctions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第1期6卷 103-119页

作者： Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Shigenori maruyama RIkEN 2-1Hirosawa Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology

We present the disaster-forced biological evolution model as a general framework that includes Darwinian ＂phylogenic gradualism＂, Eldredge-Gould＇s ＂punctuated equilibrium＂, mass extinctions, and allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric speciation. It describes how reproductive isolation of organisms is established through global disasters due to supernova encounters and local disasters due to radioactive volcanic ash fall-outs by continental alkaline volcanism. Our new evolution model uniquely highlights three major factors of disaster-forced speciation： enhanced mutation rate by higher natural radiation level, smaller population size, and shrunken habitat size （i.e., isolation among the individual pop- ulations）. We developed a mathematical model describing speciation of a half-isolated group from a parental group, taking into account the population size （Ne）, immigration rate （m）, and mutation rate （μ）. The model gives a quantitative estimate of the speciation, which is consistent with the observations of speciation speed. For example, the speciation takes at least 105 generations, if mutation rate is less than 10 3 per generation per individual. This result is consistent with the previous studies, in which μ is assumed to be 10 3-10-5. On the other hand, the speciation is much faster （less than l0S generations） for the case that μ is as large as 0.1 in parapatric conditions （m 〈 μ）. Even a sympatric （m ~ 1 ） speciatiou can occur within 103 generations, if mutation rate is very high （μ- 1 mutation per individual per generation）, and if Ne 〈 20-30. Such a high mutation rate is possible during global disasters due to supernova encounters and local disasters due to radioactive ash fall-outs. They raise natural radiation level by a factor of 100-1000. Such rapid speciation events can also contribute to macro-evolution during mass extinction events, such as observed during the Cambrian explosion of biodiversity. A similar rapid speciation （though in a much smaller scale）

关键词： Speciation Supernova encounter Continental alkaline volcanism Cichlid Great African ape Cambrian explosion

Origins of building blocks of life: A review

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1117-1153页

作者： Norio kitadai Shigenori maruyama Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology

How and where did life on Earth originate？ To date, various environments have been proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a limited stage of chemical evolution, or emergence of a specific chemical function of proto-biological systems. It remains unclear what geochemical situations could drive all the stages of chemical evolution, ranging from condensation of simple inorganic compounds to the emergence of self-sustaining systems that were evolvable into modern biological ones. In this review, we summarize reported experimental and theoretical findings for prebiotic chemistry relevant to this topic, including availability of biologically essential elements（N and P） on the Hadean Earth, abiotic synthesis of life＇s building blocks（amino acids, peptides, ribose, nucleobases, fatty acids, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides）, their polymerizations to bio-macromolecules（peptides and oligonucleotides）, and emergence of biological functions of replication and compartmentalization. It is indicated from the overviews that completion of the chemical evolution requires at least eight reaction conditions of（1） reductive gas phase,（2） alkaline pH,（3） freezing temperature,（4）fresh water,（5） dry/dry-wet cycle,（6） coupling with high energy reactions,（7） heating-cooling cycle in water, and（8） extraterrestrial input of life＇s building blocks and reactive nutrients. The necessity of these mutually exclusive conditions clearly indicates that life＇s origin did not occur at a single setting; rather, it required highly diverse and dynamic environments that were connected with each other to allow intratransportation of reaction products and reactants through fluid circulation. Future experimental research that mimics the conditions of the proposed model are expected to provide further constraints on the processes and mechanisms for the origin of life.

关键词： Astrobiology Biochemistry Chemical evolution Extraterrestrial life Hadean Earth Hydrothermal systems

Nuclear geyser model of the origin of life:Driving force to promote the synthesis of building blocks of life

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 275-298页

作者： Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Shigenori maruyama RIkEN Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology

We propose the nuclear geyser model to elucidate an optimal site to bear the first *** model overcomes the difficulties that previously proposed models have *** geyser is a geyser driven by a natural nuclear reactor,which was likely common in the Hadean Earth,because of a much higher abundance of 235U as nuclear *** nuclear geyser supplies the following：（1）high-density ionizing radiation to promote chemical chain reactions that even tar can be used for intermediate material to restart chemical reactions,（2）a system to maintain the circulation of material and energy,which includes cyclic environmental conditions（warm/cool,dry/wet,etc.）to enable to produce complex organic compounds,（3）a lower temperature than 100℃ as not to break down macromolecular organic compounds,（4）a locally reductive environment depending on rock types exposed along the geyser wall,and（5）a container to confine and accumulate volatile *** five factors are the necessary conditions that the birth place of life must *** the nuclear geyser can meet all five,in contrast to the previously proposed birth sites,such as tidal flat,submarine hydrothermal vent,and outer *** nuclear reactor and associated geyser,which maintain the circulations of material and energy with its surrounding environment,are regarded as the nuclear geyser system that enables numerous kinds of chemical reactions to synthesize complex organic compounds,and where the most primitive metabolism could be generated.

关键词： Origin of life Chemical evolution Natural nuclear reactor Aqueous electron Radiation chemistry