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detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin m.knight Connor m.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner Joseph R.Smith Chris m.Orban Juan J.manfredi kyle d.Frische michael L.dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil k.Patnaik department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA department of materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) d_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(m) d_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(d-d) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of d-d fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 meV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from d-d fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

miniSCIdOm: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino m.Reimold E.Beyreuther F.-E.Brack F.kroll J.Pawelke J.d.Schilz m.Schneider U.Schramm m.E.P.Umlandt k.Zeil T.Ziegler J.metzkes-Ng Helmholtz-Zentrum dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum Freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample *** rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online *** we present the scintillator-based miniSCIdOm detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 *** detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton *** experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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military medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu marina A.Gritsenko Young-mo kim Jennifer E.kyle kelly G.Stratton Carrie d.Nicora Nathalie munoz kathleen m.Navarro daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao karl k.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus kent J.Bloodsworth kelsey A.Allen Lisa m.Bramer Fernando montes kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and molecular Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids metabolism Immunity

Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver k.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy k.Latchman Lauren V.Terry Emma d.mcLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.Burrows John W.Scott Robyn m.murphy Henriette van Praag martin Whitham mark A.Febbraio monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFd)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BdNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

Parallelization of frequency domain quantum gates:manipulation and distribution of frequency-entangled photon pairs generated by a 21 GHz silicon microresonator

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 60-69页

作者： Antoine Henry dario A.Fioretto Lorenzo m.Procopio Stéphane monfray Frédéric Boeuf Laurent Vivien Eric Cassan Carlos Alonzo-Ramos kamel Bencheikh Isabelle Zaquine Nadia Belabas Institut Polytechnique de Paris LTCITélécom ParisPalaiseauFrance Université Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre for Nanosciences and NanotechnologyUMR 9001PalaiseauFrance Weizmann Institute of Science RehovotIsrael STmicroelectronics SAS CrollesFrance

Harnessing the frequency dimension in integrated photonics offers key advantages in terms of scalability,noise resilience,parallelization,and compatibility with telecom multiplexing *** ring resonators have been used to generate frequency-entangled states through spontaneous four-wave ***,state-of-the-art integrated resonators are limited by trade-offs among size,spectral separation,and efficient photon pair *** have developed silicon ring resonators with a footprint below 0.05 mm^(2)providing more than 70 frequency channels separated by 21 *** exploit the narrow frequency separation to parallelize and independently control 34 single qubit-gates with a single set of three off-the-shelf electro-optic *** fully characterize 17 frequency-bin maximally entangled qubit pairs by performing quantum state *** demonstrate for the first time,we believe,a fully connected five-user quantum network in the frequency *** results are a step towards a generation of quantum circuits implemented with scalable silicon photonics technology,for applications in quantum computing and secure communications.

关键词： integrated photonics frequency domain quantum gates quantum networks

microscale shaping and rounding of ridge arrays and star pattern features on nickel mould via electrochemical polishing

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Advances in manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang michael d.Gilchrist School of mechanical and materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould tools are critical for ensuring defect-free production of micro injection moulded *** demoulding stage of the micro injection moulding can adversely affect the surface integrity due to friction,adhesion and thermal stresses between the metallic mould and polymeric replicated *** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(EP)as a shaping and polishing process to control the draft angle and fillet radius of micro features in order to ease *** defects that occur in replicated polymer parts include cracks,burrs and distorted features.A nickel mould having multiple linear ridges and star shape patterns was designed for the present investigation to have characteristic dimensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and with various aspect ratios to study the effect of electropolishing on modifying the shape of micro features and surface morphology.A transient 2d computational analysis has been conducted to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based on the distribution of current *** experimental results indicate that after shaping using EP,the draft angle of star-patterns and linear patterns can be effectively increased by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet radius increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained under 50 *** work uses a green and environmental friendly nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface deposition.

关键词： micro feature shaping and electropolishing micro mould tools Green electrolyte demoulding micro patterns

kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： meichen Wang kelly J Rivenbark Timothy d Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AmPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AmPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AmPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AmPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(Cm)and acid processed montmorillonite(APm)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APm inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AmPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AmPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

Two-dimensional atomically thin Pt layers on mXenes: The role of electronic effects during catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane and propane

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1251-1258页

作者： Zhe Li Tobias k.misicko Fan Yang Xiaopeng Liu Zhenwei Wu Xiaoyang Gao Tao ma Jeffrey T.miller daniela S.mainardi Collin d.Wick Zhenhua Zeng Yang Xiao Yue Wu department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University618 Bissell RoadAmesIA 50011USA Institute for micromanufacturing Louisiana Tech University505 Tech DriveRustonLA 71272USA davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University480 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN 47907USA michigan Center for materials Characterization University of Michigan2800 Plymouth RdAnn Arbor MI 48109USA College of Engineering and Science Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71272USA

Atomically thin Pt nanolayers were synthesized on the surface of mo2TiC2 mXenes and used for the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane and propane into ethylene and propylene,two important chemicals for the petrochemical *** compared with Pt nanoparticles,the atomically thin Pt nanolayer catalyst showed superior coke-resistance(no deactivation for 24 h),high activity(turnover frequencies(TOFs)of 0.4–1.2 s^(-1)),and selectivity(>95%)toward ethylene and *** unique Pt nanolayer has a similar geometric surface to Pt nanoparticles,enabling the investigations of the electronic effect on the catalytic performance,where the geometric effect is *** is found that the electronic effect plays a critical role in dehydrogenative product selectivity and catalyst *** metal–support interaction is found dependent on the substrate and metal components,providing wide opportunities to explore high-performance mXene-supported metallic catalysts.

关键词： mXene catalysis alkane dehydrogenation nanolayers

Comparative Study on microstructure and mechanical Properties of Coarse-grained WC-based Cemented Carbides Sintered with Ultrafine WC or (W+C) as Additives

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(materials Science) 2024年第2期39卷 399-409页

作者：于淞百闵凡路 LI de NOUdem Guillaume Jacques ZHANG Hailong mA Jichang ZHAO kui YAO Zhanhu 张建峰 College of mechanics and materials Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityMinistry of EducationNanjing 210098China CRISmAT-ENSICAEN(UmR-CNRS 6508) Universitéde Caen-Basse-NormandieF-14050 CaenFrance Shaanxi Aeronautic Carbide Tool Co.Ltd. Hanzhong 724200China CCCC Tunnel Engineering Co.Ltd. Beijing 100102China

The effects of ultrafine WC(WC_(UF),0.5μm) or W(1μm) and C(0.3μm)(W+C)_(UF) additives on the densification,microstructure and mechanical properties of coarse-grained cemented carbides were compared ***,the cemented carbides with WC_(UF)/(W+C)_(UF) additives are almost fully densification to be higher than 99%,and the average grain size is kept above 2.8μ*** WC_(UF) additive assists grains to(truncated)trigonal prism shape by two dimensional(2d) growth,whereas the(W+C)_(UF) additive assists grains to rounded shape by three dimensional(3d) growth,lowers WC contiguity and increases face-centered-cubic *** hardness and bending strength of(75WC_(C)-15WC_(UF))-10Co are 86.6 HRA and 2 272 mPa,respectively,both higher than those of(75WC_(C)-15(W+C)_(UF))-10Co,which could be ascribed to the enhanced densification and unblemished ***,the fracture toughness of the(75WC_(C)-15(W+C)_(UF))-10Co is 23.5 mPa·m^(1/2),higher than that of the(75WC_(C)-15WC_(UF))-10Co due to the uniform WC-Co structure and flexible binder phase.

关键词： coarse-grained WC-based cemented carbide ultrafine WC ultrafine(W+C) microstructure mechanical properties