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Protective Effect of Distillate and Redistillate of Cow’s Urine in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Challenged With Established Genotoxic Chemicals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期17卷 247-256页

作者： k.krishnamurthi DIPANWITA DUTTA S.D.SIVANESAN T. CHAkRABARTI Environmental Biotechnology Division National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg Nagpur-440 020 INDIA

Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to cause weight loss, reversal of certain cardiac and kidney problems, indigestion, stomach ache, edema, etc. However, the literature and scripture did not mention the antigenotoxic properties of cow’urine. Methods In the present investigation, the antigenotoxic/ antioxidant properties of cow’ urine distillate and redistillate were studied in vitro. The antioxidant status and volatile fatty acid levels were determined. Actinomycin-D (0.1ol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (150 mol/L) were used for inducing DNA strand break with 0.1% DMSO as negative control. Dose for the antigenotoxic effect of cow’ urine was chosen from the dose response study carried out earlier. Results Both actinomycin-D and H2O2 caused statistically significant DNA unwinding of 80% & 75% respectively (P<0.001) as revealed by fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU), and the damage could be protected with the redistilled cow urine distillate (1, 50 & 100 ) in simultaneous treatment with genotoxic chemicals. Conclusion The redistillate of cowurine was found to possess total antioxidant status of around 2.6 mmol, contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500 mg/L) as revealed by the GC-MS studies. These fatty acids and other antioxidants might cause the observed protective effects.

关键词： Ammonia Antioxidants Cow urine distillate Cow urine redistillate Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNL) DNA damage Fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding(FADU) Gas chromatography mass spectrometer(GC-MS) Genotoxicity Volatile fatt

Genotoxicity of Pesticide Waste Contaminated Soil and Its Leachate

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期17卷 257-265页

作者： S.D.SIVANESAN k.krishnamurthi S.D.WACHASUNDER T.CHAkRABARTI Environmental Biotechnology Division Environmental Biotechnology DivisionInstrumentation Division National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nehru Marg Nagpur-440 020 IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology Division

Objective Improper land disposal of hazardous waste can result in leaching of hazardous constituents which may contaminate ground and surface water leading to adverse impact on human health and environment consequences. The present study utilized mammalian cell culture for the genotoxicity assessment of waste and its leachate. Methods Genotoxic potential and chemical analysis of pesticide derived tarry waste contaminated soil extract and its leachate was assessed using in vitro human lymphocyte cultures and GC-MS. Results The investigation revealed that the soil extract could cause significant to highly significant genotoxicity in the form of DNA strand break at 25 mL (Pk and chromosomal aberration only at 100 mL and 200 mL (P<0.01) dose levels. Conclusion The genotoxicity observed is attributed to carbaril and tetra methyl naphthyl carbamate, the major ingredients of the extracts, as revealed by GC-MS.

关键词： Genotoxicity Soil extract Leachate DNA strand break Chromosomal aberration Gas chromatography mass spectrometery (GC-MS) Fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding assay (FADU)

Modulatory Effect of Distillate of Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract (Tulsi) on Human Lymphocytes Against Genotoxicants

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第3期20卷 226-234页

作者： DIPANWITA DUTTA S.SARAVANA DEVI k.krishnamurthi kOEL kUMAR PRIYANkA VYAS P.L.MUTHAL P.NAOGHARE T.CHAkRABARTI Environmental Biotechnology Division National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)Nehru MargNagpur–440020India

Objective To study the modulatory effect of distillate of Ocimum sanctum （traditionally known as Tulsi） leaf extract （DTLE） on genotoxicants. Methods In the present investigation, we studied the antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic effect of distillate of Tulsi leaf extract on （i） human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by evaluating the DNA strand break without metabolic activation against mitomycin C （MMC） and hexavalent chromium （Cr^＋6） and （ii） human peripheral lymphocytes （in vitro） with or without metabolic activation against mitomycin C （MMC）, hexavalent chromium （Cr^＋6） and B[a]P by evaluating chromosomal aberration （CA） and micronucleus assay （MN）. Three different doses of DTLE, 50 μL/mL, 100 μL/mL, and 200 μL/mL were selected on the basis of cytotoxicity assay and used for studying DNA strand break, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus emergence. The following positive controls were used for inducing genotoxicity and clastogenicity MMC （0.29 μmol/L） for DNA strand break, chromosomal aberration and 0.51 μmol/L for micronucleus assay; Potassium dichromate （Cr^＋6） 600 μmol/L for DNA strand break and 5 μmol/L for chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assay; Benzo[a]pyrene （30 μmol/L） for chromosomal aberration and 40 μmol/L for micronucleus assay. The active ingredients present in the distillate of Tulsi leaf extract were identified by HPLC and LC-MS. Results Mitomycin C （MMC） and hexavalent chromium （Cr^＋6） induced statistically significant DNA strand break of respectively 69% and 71% （P〈0.001） as revealed by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding. Furthermore, the damage could be protected with DTLE （50 μL/mL, 100 μL/mL, and 200 μL/mL） on simultaneous treatment. Chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation induced by MMC, Cr^＋6 and B[a]P were significantly protected （P〈0.001） by DTLE with and without metabolic activation. Conclusion Distillate of Tulsi leaf extract possesses antioxidants contributed mainly by eugenol, luteolin and apigenin as identified by

关键词： Distillate of Tulsi leaf extract(DTLE) Cytotoxicity DNA strand break Chromosomal aberration(CA) Micronucleus(MN) Hexavalent chromium(Cr^+6) Mitomycin C(MMC) Benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)

An enhanced PSO-DEFS based feature selection with biometric authentication for identi¯cation of diabetic retinopathy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2016年第6期9卷 35-49页

作者： Umarani Balakrishnan krishnamurthi Venkatachalapathy Girirajkumar S.Marimuthu Department of ECE Trichy Engineering College Tiruchirappalli 621132Tamil NaduIndia Department of ICE Saranathan College of Engineering Tiruchirappalli 620012Tamil NaduIndia

Recently,automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR)from the retinal image is the most significant ressearch topic in the medical *** macular edema(DME)is *** reason for the loss of vision in patients suffering fom *** identification of the DR enables to prevent the vision loss and encourage diabetic control *** techniques *** to diagnose the *** major drawbacks of the existing techniques are low accuracy and high time *** owercome these issues,this paper propases an enhanced particle swarm optimization differential evolution feature selection(PSO DEFS)based feature selection approach with biometric aut hentication for the identification of ***,a hybrid median filter(HMF)is used for pre processing the input ***,the pre-processed images are embedded with each other by using least significant bit(LSB)for authentication ***-multaneously,the image features are extracted using convoluted local tetra pattern(CLTrP)and Tamura *** selection is performed using PSO DEFS and PSO-gravitational search algorithm(PSO GSA)to reduce time *** on some performance metrics,the PSO-DEFS is chosen as a better choice for feature *** feature selection is performed based on the fitness value.A multi-relevance vector machine(M-RVM)is introduced to dlassify the 13 normal and 62 abnormal images among 75 images from 60 ***,the DR patients are further dassified by *** experimental results exhibit that the proposed approach achieves better accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity than the exist ing techniques.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy(DR) least sigmificant bit(LSB) local tetra pattern(LTrP) optical coherence tomogr aphy(OCT) hybrid median filter(HMF) particle swarm optimization(PSO) differential evolution feature selection(DEFS).

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

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Abundance of Carbonic Fluid Inclusions in Hira-Buddini Gold Deposit, Hutti-Maski Greenstone Belt, India: Inferences from Petrography and Volume Ratio Estimation of Fluid Components

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第3期31卷 492-499页

作者： Rajagopal krishnamurthi Ajit kumar Sahoo Rajesh Sharma Prabhakar Sangurmath Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeRoorkee-241661India Department of Geology Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun-24S001India Hutti Gold Mines Company Limited Hutti-584115India

Low saline aqueous carbonic fluids are considered to be the ore forming solutions for orogenic lode gold *** separation/fluid immiscibility of the ore fluid is quite common and is one of the major reasons for deposition of gold in these *** carbonic fluid inclusions have been observed in quartz grains of Hira-Buddnini Gold *** estimation indicates that more volume of H2O compared to CO2 is likely to be trapped in inclusions at different P-T *** loss of H2O from fluid inclusions during ductile deformation of quartz grains have been attributed as the suitable reason for abundance of carbonic fluid inclusions.

关键词： orogenic lode gold deposit carbonic fluid inclusions Redlich-kwong Equation fluid immiscibility Hira-Buddini Gold Deposit

Induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by the alkaloid extract of garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第3期17卷 221-228页

作者： Shriniwas S.Basaiyye Sanjay kashyap kannan krishnamurthi Saravanadevi Sivanesan Environmental Health Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Analytical Instrument Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

Objective: Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.) is an important herb in traditional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men. In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1) cells, using the alkaloid extract of this ***: Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed. Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering, caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays. The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results: GC–MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids, namely, benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4 H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4 R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3), 5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(4), benzo[b][1,8]-naphthyridin-5(10 H)-on e,2,4,7-trimethyl(5) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6), in the alkaloid extract of L. sativum. Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L. sativum. Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells, with median lethal concentration(LC50) of 75.25 mg/mL. However, the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold) effect in healthy PBMCs. Further experiments performed with Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses demonstrated DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis) from inner to outer cell membranes. Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level, together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes, revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, through activation of extrinsic a

关键词： Lepidium sativum Benzyl isothiocyanate Apoptosis Peripheral blood mononuclear cell Mitochondrial toxicity

Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al kabbani Christoph köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-kO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

Cytochrome P450 BM3 of Bacillus megaterium-A possible endosulfan biotransforming gene

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2307-2314页

作者： Muhil Vannan Seralathan Saravanadevi Sivanesan Amit Bafana Sanjay Madanchand kashyap Arrigo Patrizio kannan krishnamurthi Tapan Chakrabarti Environmental Health Division CSIR-NEERI Nagpur 440020 India Analytical Instrumentation Division CSIR-NEERI Nagpur 440020 India CNR-ISMAC via De Marini 616149 Genova Italy

Computing chemistry was applied to understand biotransforrnation mechanism of an organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan. The stereo specific metabolic activity of human CYP-2B6 （cytochrome P450） on endosulfan has been well demonstrated. Sequence and structural similarity search revealed that the bacterium Bacillus megaterium encodes CYP-BM3, which is similar to CYP-2B6. The functional similarity was studied at organism level by batch-scale studies and it was proved that B. megaterium could metabolize endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate, as CYP-2B6 does in human system. The gene expression analyses also confirmed the possible role of CYP-BM3 in endosulfan metabolism. Thus, our results show that the protein structure based in-silico approach can help us to understand and identify microbes for remediation strategy development. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report which has extrapolated the bacterial gene for endosulfan biotransformation through in silico prediction approach for metabolic gene identification.

关键词： Protein structure similarity CYP-2B6 CYP-BM3 Endosulfan