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Specific interaction of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with mannan binding lectin inhibits virus entry

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Protein & Cell 2010年第7期1卷 664-674页

作者： kristelle S.Brown Michael J.keogh Ania M.Owsianka Richard Adair Arvind h.Patel James N.Arnold Jonathan k.Ball Robert B.Sim Alexander W.Tarr Timothy P.hickling Institute of Infection Immunity and InflammationSchool of Molecular Medical SciencesThe University of NottinghamQueen’s Medical CentreNottinghamNG72UHUK The Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research University of GlasgowChurch StreetGlasgowG115JRUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOX13QUUK Present address:Vitrology Biotech 5 South AvenueClydebank Business ParkGlasgowG812LGUK Present address:Pfizer Technologies Ltd. Ramsgate RoadSandwichKentCT139NJUK

Mannan-binding lectin(MBL)is a soluble innate immune protein that binds to glycosylated *** acts as an opsonin and activates complement,contributing to the destruction and clearance of infecting *** C virus(hCV)encodes two envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2,expressed as non-covalent E1/E2 heterodimers in the viral envelope.E1 and E2 are potential ligands for *** we describe an analysis of the interaction between hCV and MBL using recombinant soluble E2 ectodomain fragment,the full-length E1/E2 heterodimer,expressed in vitro,and assess the effect of this interaction on virus entry.A binding assay using antibody capture of full length E1/E2 heterodimers was used to demonstrate calcium dependent,saturating binding of MBL to hCV *** with various saccharides further confirmed that the interaction was via the lectin domain of *** binds to E1/E2 representing a broad range of virus *** was shown to neutralize the entry into huh-7 cells of hCV pseudoparticles(hCVpp)bearing E1/E2 from a wide range of *** were neutralized to varying *** was also shown to neutralize an authentic cell culture infectious virus,strain JFh-1(hCVcc).Furthermore,binding of MBL to E1/E2 was able to activate the complement system via MBL-associated serine protease *** conclusion,MBL interacts directly with hCV glycoproteins,which are present on the surface of the virion,resulting in neutralization of hCV particles.

关键词： hepatitis C virus neutralization mannose binding lectin chronic viral infection

The Effect of Injection Angle on Mixing and Flame holding in Supersonic Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2002年第1期11卷 80-91页

作者： Shakil Ahmed Mohammad Ali A. k. M. Sadrul Islam Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Dhaka Bangladesh

A numerical study on mixing of hydrogen injected into a supersonic air stream has been performed by solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The main objectives of this study are to increase the mixing efficiency and flame holding capability of a supersonic combustor. The performance of combustor has been investigated by varying the hydrogen injection angle made with the direction of air stream considering anti-clockwise direction as positive. The injector position from left boundary, backward-facing step height and the inlet width of air stream are kept constant. The results show that upstream of injector the mixing is dominated by recirculation and in downstream the mixing is dominated by mass concentration of hydrogen. Upstream recirculation is dominant for injecting angle 600 and 900 . Incorporating the various effects, perpendicular injection shows the maximum mixing efficiency and its large upstream recirculation region has a good flame holding capability.

关键词： scramjet engine TVD scheme backward-facing step supersonic mixing supersonic stream flame holding.

Shape control of multi-cellular infatable panels

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第3期8卷 276-282页

作者： N.kATAYAMA k.IShIMURA k.MINESUGI DANIEL J.INMAN The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan

Multi-cellular infatable structures are ultralight and robust against membrane damage such as pinholes caused by space *** to their robustness,infatable structures supported by inner gases can be applied as space *** the present study,shape control for a simple multi-cellular infatable panel was achieved via a novel diaphragm *** the bending actuator in a center membrane bends,the inner pressures of sub-cells become different,and the diaphragm mechanism bends as a *** a sliding component is not included,this deformable system is a reliable *** addition,the proposed mechanism has higher rigidity than that of a bending actuator used *** the present paper,we investigate the feasibility of a novel diaphragm mechanism and its characteristics using experimental and numerical results.

关键词： Membrane structures inflatable structure shape control smart structures structural mechanics space engineering

Nitridation of Ni-based alloys:thermodynamics,kinetics,and deformation phenomena accompanying internal precipitation

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Rare Metals 2006年第5期25卷 501-511页

作者： Alexander A.kodentsov Jorma k.kivilahti Frans J.J.van Loo Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry Eindhoven University of TechnologyP.O.Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Electronics Production Technology Helsinki University of TechnologyFIN-02150 EspooFinland

When a moderately stable phase is precipitated out during an intemal reaction, the behaviour of the penetrating atoms within the diffusion zone can be interpreted based on thermodynamic considerations. Evidence for “up-hill” diffusion of the penetrating species through the matrix towards the precipitation front during the intemal nitridation of Ni-Cr alloys at 1125℃ and 6000 bar of N2-pressure was predicted. Such behaviour of nitrogen is opposite to the boundary conditions in Wagner＇s description of internal reactions. A volume change associated with the precipitation reaction resulted in a stress gradient between the alloys surface and the intemal nitridation front. Stress relief occurred mainly by transport of nickel to the gas/metal interface. Pipe diffusion-controlled creep is the dominant stress accommodation mechanism during nitriding of dilute Ni-Cr alloys at 700℃ under a flowing Nh3 ＋ h2 gas mixture.

关键词： nitridation nickel alloys thermodynamics diffusion internal precipitation

Martensitic and magnetic transformation of Co_(41)Ni_(32)Al_(24)Sb_3 and Co_(41)Ni_(32)Al_(27) alloys

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2006年第4期16卷 776-782页

作者：徐国富尹志民罗丰华牟申周 k.OIkAWA School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China State key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University Changsha 410083 China Department of Materials Science Graduate School of E ngineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan

The martensitic transformation and magnetic property of Co41Ni32Al27 and Co41Ni32Al24Sb3 alloys were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), scanning electric microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter analysis(DSC) and vibration sample magnetometer(VSM) methods. The results show that martensitic crystal structure of Co41Ni32Al24Sb3 alloy is still L10 type. Both martensitic transformation temperature Tm and Curie point Tc are in linear relation to quenching temperature. Tm increases by 9 k and Tc increases by 7.5 k for every 10 k increasing in quenched temperature. Quenched from same temperature, Tm of Co41Ni32Al24Sb3 alloy is higher than that of Co41Ni32Al27 alloy by 76 k, meanwhile Tc is higher by 18 k. The melting point of Co-Ni-Al alloy is decreased by the Sb addition, eutectic structure appears in Co41Ni32Al24Sb3 alloy annealed at 1 573 k, which indicates that the alloy is partially melted, whereas Co41Ni32Al27 alloy can be annealed at 1 623 k without melted. The martensitic transformation temperature range of Co41Ni32Al24Sb3 alloy is 22?29 k, only half that of Co41Ni32Al27 alloy. This is a very important result to benefit the achievement of large magnetic field induced strain on Co-Ni-Al based alloy. The results of Tm and Tc were explained by total average s+d electron concentration and magnetic valence number Zm respectively.

关键词：形状记忆合金 Co-Ni-Al-Sb 马氏体转变居里点

The role of land use on the local climate and air quality during calm inter-monsoon in a tropical city

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 405-415页

作者： M.C.G.Ooi A.Chan M.J.Ashfold M.Y.Oozeer k.I.Morris S.S.k.kong Department of Atmospheric Science "Central University" Department of Civil Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Waterloo Center of Excellence for Sustainable Innovation and Research Initiative (CESIRI) Department of Mechanical Engineering Ashesi University College

The modification of land use is known to be a major climate change driver to the local warming and air quality in cities. Despite the reduction of NOx over the years, the Selangor state has captured a higher level of O_3 in year 2011. The measurement result has shown that the surge in O_3 level was attributed to the reduction of NO_x/NMhC ratio. This paper hence attempted to identify the role of land use change from 1999 to 2011 on the ground ozone air quality in the tropical urban conurbation, Greater kuala Lumpur(GkL), Selangor, Malaysia. With the state-of-the-art chemical weather prediction tool, WRFChem, the external synoptic factors and emission inventory were controlled when comparing the chronological land use changes. The results showed that the urban-induced temperature and wind bias in the tropical region has induced stronger wind to disperse the NO_x and carries the TVOC from the suburban to the downwind urban region. The reduction of NO_x/TVOC has gradually shifted towards the optimum O_3 formation regime in 2011. The formation of highly concentrated ozone becomes more sensitive to the increment of TVOC as the NO_x level reduces in the urban. This highlights the essential involvement of TVOC in the ozone formation in lieu of the NOx reduction in the tropical city, a region with growing emitter of reactive biogenic ozone precursors.

关键词： Land use change Urban Ground ozone TVOC WRF-Chem Tropics

Trefoil factors in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3223-3230页

作者： Luise Aamann Else Marie Vestergaard henning Grφnbk Department of hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University Hospital Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFF1-3) are a family of peptides that play important roles in the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract. TFFs may be involved in IBD pathogenesis and are a potential treatment option. In the present review, we describe the TFF family and their potential role in IBD by summarizing the current knowledge of their expression, possible function and pharmacological role in IBD.

关键词： Trefoil factors, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’ s disease, Inflammation

Biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems of kerala,southwest coast of India

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 355-363页

作者： k.M.harishma S.Sandeep V.B.Sreekumar Department of Forest Botany Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India Department of Soil Science Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiKerala 680653India

Background:Mangroves are important tropical carbon sinks,and their role in mitigating climate change is well documented across the ***,the ecosystem carbon stocks in the mangroves of India have not been studied *** from this region is very limited for providing sufficient insights and authentic evaluation of carbon stocks on a regional *** this study,we evaluated the ecosystem carbon stock and its spatial variation in mangroves of kerala,southwest coast of ***:The mean biomass stored in mangrove vegetation of kerala is 117.11±1.02 t/ha(ABG=80.22±0.80,BGB=36.89±0.23 t/ha).Six mangrove species were found distributed in the study *** the different species,Avicennia marina had the highest biomass(162.18 t/ha)and least biomass was observed in Sonneratia alba(0.61 t/ha).The mean ecosystem carbon stock of mangrove systems in kerala was estimated to be 139.82 t/ha,equivalent to 513.13 t CO2 e/ha with the vegetation and soil storing 58.56 t C/ha and 81.26 t C/ha ***:The present study reveals that kerala mangroves store sizable volume of carbon and therefore need to be preserved and managed sustainably,to retain along with the increase in carbon *** features the need of broadening mangrove cover as well as restoring deteriorated land in the past 50 *** mangrove forests in this region are protected by the kerala Forest Department,they have been frequently facing illegal encroachment,prawn cultivation,and coastal erosion.

关键词： Mangrove ecosystem Biomass Aboveground carbon Belowground carbon Ecosystem carbon stock

Malaria transmission modelling: a network perspective

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 99-106页

作者： Jiming Liu Bo Yang William k Cheung Guojing Yang Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchunChina The Jockey Club School of Public health and Primary Care Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong

Malaria transmission can be affected by multiple or even hidden factors,making it difficult to timely and accurately predict the impact of elimination and eradication programs that have been undertaken and the potential resurgence and spread that may continue to *** approach at the moment is to develop and deploy surveillance systems in an attempt to identify them as timely as possible and thus to enable policy makers to modify and implement strategies for further preventing the *** of the surveillance data will be of temporal and spatial *** an interdisciplinary point of view,it would be interesting to ask the following important as well as challenging question:Based on the available surveillance data in temporal and spatial forms,how can we build a more effective surveillance mechanism for monitoring and early detecting the relative prevalence and transmission patterns of malaria?What we can note from the existing clustering-based surveillance software systems is that they do not infer the underlying transmission networks of ***,such networks can be quite informative and insightful as they characterize how malaria transmits from one place to *** can also in turn allow public health policy makers and researchers to uncover the hidden and interacting factors such as environment,genetics and ecology and to discover/predict malaria transmission patterns/*** network perspective further extends the present approaches to modelling malaria transmission based on a set of chosen *** this article,we survey the related work on transmission network inference,discuss how such an approach can be utilized in developing an effective computational means for inferring malaria transmission networks based on partial surveillance data,and what methodological steps and issues may be involved in its formulation and validation.

关键词： Malaria network policy