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Trend in Observed and Projected Maximum and Minimum Temperature over N-W Himalayan Basin

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 417-433页

作者： Dharmaveer SINGH Sanjay k JAIN rajan Dev GUPTA GIS Cell Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Water Resources Systems Division National Institute of Hydrology Department of Civil Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad

Recently, study in past trends of climate variables gained significant consideration because of its contribution in adaptions and mitigation strategies for potential future changes in climate, primarily in the area of water resource management. Future interannual and inter-seasonal variations in maximum and minimum temperature may bring significant changes in hydrological systems and affect regional water resources. The present study has been performed to observe past(1970-2010) as well as future(2011-2100)spatial and temporal variability in temperature(maximum and minimum) over selected stations of Sutlej basin located in North-Western Himalayan region in India. The generation of future time series of temperature data at different stations is done using statistical downscaling technique. The nonparametric test methods, modified Mann-kendall test and Cumulative Sum chart are used for detecting monotonic trend and sequential shift in time series of maximum and minimum temperature. Sen's slope estimator test is used to detect the magnitude of change over a period of time on annual and seasonal basis. The cooling experienced in annual TMax and TMin at kasol in past(1970-2010) would be replaced by warming in future as increasing trends are detected in TMax during 2020 s and 2050 s and in TMin during 2020 s, 2050 s and 2080 s under A1 B and A2 scenarios. Similar results of warming are also predicted at Sunnifor annual TMin in future under both scenarios which witnessed cooling during 1970-2010. The rise in TMin at Rampur is predicted to be continued in future as increasing trends are obtained under both the scenarios. Seasonal trend analysis reveals large variability in trends of TMax and TMin over these stations for the future periods.

关键词： Statistical downscaling model Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model Temperature Mannkendall test Sen’s slope estimator

Photon condensation： A new paradigm for Bose-Einstein condensation

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第5期11卷 103-110页

作者： Renju rajan P. Ramesh Babu k. Senthilnathan Department of Physics School of Advanced Sciences VIT University Vellore Tamil Nadu 632015 India

Bose-Einstein condensation is a state of matter known to be responsible for peculiar properties exhibited by superfluid Helium-4 and superconductors. Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） in its pure form is realizable with alkali atoms under ultra-cold temperatures. In this paper, we review the experimental scheme that demonstrates the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. We also elaborate on the theoretical framework for atomic Bose-Einstein condensation, which includes statistical mechan- ics and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. As an extension, we discuss Bose-Einstein condensation of photons realized in a fluorescent dye filled optical microcavity. We analyze this phenomenon based on the generalized Planck＇s law in statistical mechanics. Further, a comparison is made between photon condensateand laser. We describe how photon condensate may be a possible alternative for lasers since it does not require an energy consuming population inversion process.

关键词： Bose-Einstein condensation photon condensation magneto-optical trap Gross-Pitaevskii equation Planck's radiation law

Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma-sintered La_(2)O_(3) dispersion-strengthened W-Ni-Fe alloy

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Rare Metals 2021年第8期40卷 2230-2236页

作者： Muthuchamy AyyappaRaj Digvijay Yadav Dinesh k.Agrawal Raja Annamalai Arunjunai rajan School of Mechanical Engineering VITVellore632014India Materials Research Institute University ParkPennsylvaniaPA16802USA Centre for Innovative Manufacturing Research VITVellore632014India

An investigation of lanthanum oxide(La_(2)O_(3))addition to tungsten heavy alloy(WHA)with a ternary composition of W-7 Ni-3 Fe was reported in this *** mixed powders were sintered using spark plasma sintering(SPS)***_(2)O_(3)was added in increments of 0.25 wt%,0.50 wt%,0.75 wt%and 1.00 wt%to WHA,*** sintered samples were characterized for microstructural evolution and mechanical *** influences of La_(2)O_(3)addition on density,grain size,hardness,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and ductility on W-7 Ni-3 Fe system were discussed in this *** highest relative sintered density of 87.95%was obtained for 0.25 wt%La_(2)O_(3)addition to W-7 Ni-3 *** lowest grain size of 7.89μm was observed for 1.00 wt%La_(2)O_(3)***,the highest hardness and UTS of HV 533 and1110 MPa,respectively,were also obtained for the same *** electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)of the samples revealed homogenous distribution of La_(2)O_(3)in the alloy *** of the sintered alloy samples revealed W-W intergranular fracture.

关键词： Tungsten heavy alloys Lanthanum oxide Spark plasma sintering Microstructure Mechanical properties

Consistency features and fuzzy-based segmentation for shadow and reflection detection in digital image forgery

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 83-100页

作者： rajan CRISTIN Velankanni CYRIL RAJ St.Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute University

Advances in photo editing software have made it possible to generate visually convincing photographic forgeries which have been increased tremendously in recent years. In order to alleviate the problem of image forgery, a handful of techniques have been presented in the literature to detect forgery either in shadow or reflection. This paper aims to develop a technique to detect the image forgery either in shadow or reflection using features enabled neural network. The proposed technique of image forgery detection contains three important steps, like segmentation, feature extraction and detection. In segmentation, shadow points and reflection points are identified using map-based segmentation and FCM clustering. Then, feature points from the shadow points and reflective parts are extracted by considering texture consistency and strength consistency using LVP operator. The final step of forgery detection is performed using the feed forward neural network, where a new algorithm called ABCLM is developed for training of neural network weights. The performance is analyzed with four existing algorithms using measures such as accuracy and MSE. From the analysis, we understand that the proposed technique obtained the maximum accuracy of 80.49%.

关键词： image forensics forgery detection shadow reflection texture neural network

QSAR modeling of benzoquinone derivatives as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第1期8卷 53-62页

作者： T.k.Shameera Ahamed Vijisha k.rajan k.Muraleedharan Department of Chemistry University of CalicutMalappuram 673635India

The inhibitors of 5-LOX control the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes(LTs)and thus have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of various diseases like asthma,rheumatoid arthritis,inflammatory bowel disease and certain types of *** has increased the search for efficient therapeutic agents for protein 5-LOX and this process is now primarily based on *** this study,we have developed four different quantitative structure and 5-LOX inhibition activity relationship models of benzoquinone derivative by exploiting CoMFA,RF,SVM,and MLR chemometric *** of the QSAR models was measured by using cross-validation technique as well as through the external test set *** model outperforms all other *** and MLR models failed due to the poor performance of the external test set *** model,which shows relatively good performance was used to explore the essential structural regions where the modification was necessary to design a novel scaffold with improved ***,molecular docking of all the derivatives to the binding site of 5-LOX was done to show their binding mode and to identify critical interacting residues inside the active site of *** docking result confirms the stability and rationality of the CoMFA model.

关键词： 5-lipoxygenase Benzoquinone 2D-QSAR 3D-QSAR Molecular docking

Effect of dual and new generation wide-base tire assembly on inverted pavements

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Journal of Road Engineering 2022年第2期2卷 124-136页

作者： rajan Singh Baghel Sridhar Reddy kasu Anush k.Chandrappa School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of Technology BhubaneswarOdisha 752050India Department of Civil Engineering Sreyas Institute of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabad 500068India

The conventional flexible pavements have been constructed such that the stiffness of the layer reduces with *** crust thickness becomes significantly high for heavy traffic corridors resulting in the consumption of large quantities of construction materials and also increasing environmental *** pavements with the aggregate interlayer(AIL)or stress absorbing membrane interlayer(SAMI)are considered to be one of the alternatives for thick conventional flexible pavements for heavy traffic *** AIL or SAMI is placed between a stiff cement-treated base and asphalt concrete layer to function as crack relief *** change in the composition alters the behaviour of inverted pavements compared to the conventional flexible *** the other hand,wide-base tires are being increasingly preferred by trucking industries due to increased fuel economy and cargo ***,the effect of wide-base tires on the performance of inverted pavements is yet to be *** this study,the 3D finite element(FE)models of inverted pavements considering different crack relief layers were developed,and load from dual-wheel and wide-base tires were *** stress-strain evolution in the various layers of inverted pavements was investigated and discussed in this *** results indicated the higher stress and strains due to wide base tires compared to the dual-wheel ***,pavement with SAMI was found to result in lower stress and strains in the asphalt concrete layer compared to AIL pavements.

关键词： Aggregate interlayer Inverted pavement Shear strain Stress absorbing membrane interlayer Wide-base tire

Computer-Assisted Real-Time Rice Variety Learning Using Deep Learning Network

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Rice science 2022年第5期29卷 489-498页

作者： Pandia rajan JEYARAJ Siva Prakash ASOkAN Edward rajan SAMUEL NADAR Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Mepco Schlenk Engineering CollegeSivakasi 626005India

Due to the inconsistency of rice variety,agricultural industry faces an important challenge of rice grading and classification by the traditional grading *** existing grading system is manual,which introduces stress and strain to humans due to visual *** rice grading system development has been proposed as a promising research area in computer *** this study,an accurate deep learning-based non-contact and cost-effective rice grading system was developed by rice appearance and *** proposed system provided real-time processing by using a NI-myRIO with a high-resolution camera and user *** firstly trained the network by a rice public dataset to extract rice discriminative ***,by using transfer learning,the pre-trained network was used to locate the region by extracting a feature *** proposed deep learning model was tested using two public standard datasets and a prototype real-time scanning *** AlexNet architecture,we obtained an average accuracy of 98.2%with 97.6%sensitivity and 96.4%*** validate the real-time performance of proposed rice grading classification system,various performance indices were calculated and compared with the existing *** simulation and real-time experiment evaluations confirmed the robustness and reliability of the proposed rice grading system.

关键词： deep learning algorithm rice defect classification computer vision agriculture automated visual grading system

Acute Toxic Effects of Mercuric Chloride on the Mucocytes of the Epithelial Lining of the Accessory Respiratory Organ and Skin of the Air Breathing Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis（Bloch）^1

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1992年第4期5卷 325-335页

作者： M.T.rajan T.k.BANERJEE Histochemistry and Histopathology Laboratory Department of Zoology Banaras Hindu UniversityHistochemistry and Histopathology Laboratory Department of Zoology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 IndiaVaranasi 221005 India

Acute toxicity of 0.3 ppm mercuric chloride on the mucocytes of the branchial diverticulum and skin of Heteropneustes fossilis results in cyclic increases followed by decreases in the density, area occupancy and volume at different intervals of exposure. The alterations in the two tissues do not follow the same path perhaps due to different modes of action of the mercury salt: The skin comes under direct contact effects, while the branchial diverticulum may be affected by hormonal imbalance caused by a stress effect.

关键词： Acute Toxic Effects of Mercuric Chloride on the Mucocytes of the Epithelial Lining of the Accessory Respiratory Organ and Skin of the Air Breathing Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch

Histopathological Changes in the Epidermis of the Air Breathing Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Exposed to Sublethal Concentration of Mercuric Chloride

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1993年第4期6卷 405-412页

作者： M.T.rajan T.k.BANERJEE Histochemistry Histochemistry and Histopathology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study in Zoology Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221 005Indiaand Histopathology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study in Zoology Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221 005India

Histopathological alterations induced by the sublethal concentration of (0.03 ppm) mercuric chloride solution on the epidermis of the fresh-water catfish Heteropneuates fossilis have been studied. It induces slow but significant histopathological changes in the various cellular components of the epidermis. It induces vacuolization, necrosis and pycnosis of the nuclei of the epithelial cells which subsequently shed. Loosening of epithelial cells of the outermost and middle layers following degeneration of the intercellular material and widened intercellular spaces is another important alteration. Prolonged mercury treatment also causes a gradual decrease in staining intensity for sulphated glycosaminoglycans in the outer border of the most superficial layer epithelial cells. The glandular elements (club cells and mucocytes) also get affected, showing cyclic degeneration followed by regeneration.

关键词： Histopathological Changes in the Epidermis of the Air Breathing Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Exposed to Sublethal Concentration of Mercuric Chloride