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APPLICATION OF THE UNIFIED STATISTICAL MATERIAL DATABASE FOR DESIGN AND LIFE/RISk ASSESSMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 338-344页

作者： k.fujiyama T.Fujiwara Y.Nakatani k.Saito A.Sakuma Y.Akikuni S.Hayashi S.Matsumoto Power and Industrial Systems R&D Center Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Tsurumi-Ku Yokohama 230-0045 JapanThermal and Hydro Power Division Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Minato-Ku Tokyo 105-8001 JapanPower and Industrial Systems R&D Center Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Tsurumi-Ku Yokohama 230-0045 JapanKeihin Product Operations Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba CorporationTsurumi-Ku Yokohama 230-0045 JapanKeihin Product Operations Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba CorporationTsurumi-Ku Yokohama 230-0045 JapanThermal and Hydro Power Division Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Minato-Ku Tokyo 105-8001 JapanThermal and Hydro Power Division Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Minato-Ku Tokyo 105-8001 JapanThermal and Hydro Power Division Industrial and Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Minato-Ku Tokyo 105-8001 Japan

Statistical manipulation of material data was conducted for probabilistic life assessment or risk-based design and maintenance for high temperature components of power plants. To obtain the statistical distribution of material properties, dominant parameters affecting material properties are introduced into normalization of statistical variables. Those parameters are hardness, chemical composition, characteristic micro structural features and so on. Creep and fatigue properties are expressed by normalized parameters and the unified statistical distributions are obtained. These probability distribution functions show good coincidence statistically with the field database of steam turbine components. It was concluded that the unified statistical baseline approach is useful for the risk management of components in power plants.

关键词： statistical analysis material property steam turbine life assessment risk

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Hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with antirheumatic therapy: risk and prophylaxis recommendations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第36期21卷 10274-10289页

作者： Shunsuke Mori Shigetoshi fujiyama Department of Rheumatology Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic DiseasesNHO Kumamoto Saishunsou National Hospital Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital

Accompanying the increased use of biological and non-biological antirheumatic drugs,a greater number of cases of hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation have been reported in inactive hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) carriers and also in HBs Ag-negative patients who have resolved HBV infection. The prevalence of resolved infection varies in rheumatic disease patients,ranging from 7.3% to 66%. Through an electronic search of the Pub Med database,we found that among 712 patients with resolved infection in 17 observational cohort studies,12 experienced HBV reactivation(1.7%) during biological antirheumatic therapy. Reactivation rates were 2.4% for etanercept therapy,0.6% for adalimumab,0% for infliximab,8.6% for tocilizumab,and 3.3% for rituximab. Regarding non-biological antirheumatic drugs,HBV reactivation was observed in 10 out of 327 patients with resolved infection from five cohort studies(3.2%). Most of these patients received steroids concomitantly. Outcomes were favorable in rheumatic disease patients. A number of recommendations have been established,but most of the supporting evidence was derived from the oncology and transplantation fields. Compared with patients in these fields,rheumatic disease patients continue treatment with multiple immunosuppressants for longer periods. Optimal frequency and duration of HBV-DNA monitoring and reliable markers for discontinuation of nucleoside analogues should be clarified for rheumatic disease patients with resolved HBV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Antirheumatic therapy Resolved h

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Therapeutic approaches targeting intestinal microflora in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4452-4460页

作者： Akira Andoh Yoshihide fujiyama Department of Internal Medicine Shiga University of Medical ScienceSeta TukinowaOtsu 520-2192Japan

Inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn＇s disease, are chronic intestinal disorders of unknown etiology in which in genetically susceptible individuals, the mucosal immune system shows an aberrant response towards commensal bacteria. The gastrointestinal tract has developed ingenious mechanisms to coexist with its autologous microflora, but rapidly responds to invading pathogens and then returns to homeostasis with its commensal bacteria after the pathogenic infection is cleared. In case of disruption of this tightly-regulated homeostasis, chronic intestinal inflammation may be induced. Previous studies showed that some commensal bacteria are detrimental while others have either no influence or have a protective action. In addition, each host has a genetically determined response to detrimental and protective bacterial species. These suggest that therapeutic manipulation of imbalance of microflora can influence health and disease. This review focuses on new insights into the role of commensal bacteria in gut health and disease, and presents recent findings in innate and adaptive immune interactions. Therapeutic approaches to modulate balance of intestinal microflora and their potential mechanisms of action are also discussed.

关键词： Commensal bacteria Prebiotics Probiotics Innate immunity

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Responses of Halophyte Salicornia bigelovii to Different Forms of Nitrogen Source

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 311-317页

作者： N. kUDO H. fujiyama The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tottori University4-101 Koyamacho-minamiTottori 680-8553 (Japan) Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University4-101 Koyamacho-minamiTottori 680-8553 (Japan)

Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen （N） deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels （1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L-1）, supplied in the form of NO3 or ammonium （NH4＋）, under high NaCl conditions （200 mmol L-l）. NH4^＋- fed plants showed better growth than NO3-fed plants at 1-3 mmol L-1N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L-1 N. Nitrogen contents in NO3-fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO3- absorption by Cl- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO3-fed plants was regulated by N absorption. In contrast, N contents of shoots in NH4＋-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while k content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with k content in NH4＋-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH4＋-fed plants was mainly regulated by k absorption.

关键词： cation absorption nitrogen nutrition plant growth saline stress

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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Enzymes of Two Turfgrass Species Under Salinity Stress

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Pedosphere 2013年第2期23卷 213-222页

作者： R.XU M.YAMADA H.fujiyama United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University

Salinity stress is a major factor limiting the growth of turfgrass irrigated with recycled wastewater. The change in lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde （MDA） content and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxide （APX） and glutathione reductase （GR） in the shoots and roots of kentucky bluegrass and tall rescue were investigated under salinity stress. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol L-1 NaCl for 40 d. The MDA content under salinity stress was lower in tall fescue than in kentucky bluegrass in both shoots and roots. Activities of SOD in the shoots of both species increased with salinity stress. The activities of CAT and APX decreased in kentucky bluegrass, but no significant difference in the activities of CAT and APX was observed in tall rescue. The activities of SOD, CAT and APX in the shoots of tall fescue were higher than those in kentucky bluegrass. In the roots of kentucky bluegrass, SOD and GR activities increased and CAT and APX activities decreased in comparison with the control. In the roots of tall fescue, salinity increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX. These results suggested that tall fescue exhibited a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher SOD, CAT and APX activities than kentucky bluegrass.

关键词： antioxidants malondialdehyde oxidative stress recycled wastewater salt tolerance

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Current status of the geological disposal programme and an overview of the safety case at the pre-siting stage in Japan

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2023年第3期2卷 78-92页

作者： Tetsuo fujiyama kenichi kaku Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan(NUMO) Tokyo1080014Japan

In Japan,high-level radioactive waste and specific low-level radioactive waste which includes long-lived radionuclides are planned to be disposed of in the geological formations at depths greater than 300 *** disposal site will be selected through a stepwise site investigation process that consists of a Literature Survey,Preliminary Investigation,and Detailed Investigation *** October 2020 a Literature Survey was launched in Japan at two municipalities in Hokkaido for the first time since NUMO initiated a nationwide call for volunteer municipalities in 2002,and the outcomes are currently being *** enhance the public’s understanding of how to implement safe geological disposal in Japan based on the latest scientific knowledge and technology,NUMO,as the implementing organisation,developed and published a safety case for geological disposal at the pre-siting *** safety case provides multiple lines of arguments and evidence to demonstrate the feasibility of the geological disposal and a basic structure for a safety case that will be applicable to any potential sites in *** safety case also presented some R&D challenges to enhance the technical confidence of the project,including the R&D topics related to rock *** report presents the current status of the geological disposal programme in Japan,together with the status of the Literature Survey phase and an overview of the NUMO safety case.

关键词： High-level radioactive waste TRU waste Geological disposal Site selection process Literature survey Safety case

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A case of scirrhous gastric cancer with peritonitis carcinomatosa controlled by TS-1~ + paclitaxel for 36 mo after diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第3期13卷 470-473页

作者： Yusuke koizumi Hirozumi Obata Akinori Hara Takashi Nishimura kenichiro Sakamoto Yoshihide fujiyama Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan Department of Medicine Saiseikai Suita Hospital Suita Japan Department of Surgery Saiseikai Suita Hopspital Suita Japan

A 34-year-old female complaining of abdominal fullness was diagnosed as scirrhous gastric cancer （type 4＇） with peritonitis carcinomatosa in July 2002. A combined chemotherapy regimen was selected to control massive ascites; TS-1 80 mg/m^2 was given orally on d 1-14, 22-35, and paclitaxel 50 mg/m^2 was administered intravenously on d 1, 8, 22 and 29. After 2 courses of this regimen, the primary tumor was markedly reduced, and ascites completely vanished. Alopecia （grade 1, since d 30）, leukocytopenia （grade 2, on d 34） and anemia （grade 2, on d 34） were the only adverse events throughout the following courses. The chemotherapy was effective for 28 mo, and then it was discontinued upon the patient＇s own request, and she survived for 36 mo after diagnosis.

关键词： TS-1 Paclitaxel Scirrhous gastric cancer Peritonitis carcinomatosa

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Mucosal cytokine network in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第33期14卷 5154-5161页

作者： Akira Andoh Yuhki Yagi Makoto Shioya Atsushi Nishida Tomoyuki Tsujikawa Yoshihide fujiyama Department of Medicine Shiga University of Medical ScienceSeta-Tukinowa Otsu 520-2192 Japan

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are characterized by ongoing mucosal inflammation in which dysfunction of the host immunologic response against dietary factors and commensal bacteria is involved. The chronic in-flammatory process leads to disruption of the epithelial barrier, and the formation of epithelial ulceration. This permits easy access for the luminal microbiota and dietary antigens to cells resident in the lamina pro-pria, and stimulates further pathological immune cell responses. Cytokines are essential mediators of the interactions between activated immune cells and non-immune cells, including epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The clinical efficacy of targeting TNF-α clearly indicates that cytokines are the therapeutic targets in IBD patients. In this manuscript, we focus on the bio-logical activities of recently-reported cytokines [Inter-leukin (IL)-17 cytokine family, IL-31 and IL-32], which might play a role through interaction with TNF-α in the pathophysiology of IBD.

关键词： Cytokine Inflammatory bowel disease Interleukin-17 Interleukin-31 Interleukin-32

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FR167653,a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor,aggravates experimental colitis in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5851-5856页

作者： Takashi Nishimura Akira Andoh Atsushi Nishida Makoto Shioya Yuhsuke koizumi Tomoyuki Tsujikawa Yoshihide fujiyama Department of Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science Seta TsukinowaOtsu 520-2192 Japan

AIM: To investigate the effects of FR167653 on the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were fed rodent chow containing 3.5% (wt/wt) DSS. The recipient mice underwent intra-peritoneal injection of vehicles or FR167653 (30 mg/kg per day). The mice were sacrificed on day 14, and the degree of colitis was assessed. Immunohistochemical analyses for CD4+ T cell and F4/80+ macrophage infiltration were also performed. Mucosal cytokine expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The body weight loss was more apparent in the FR167653-treated DSS mice than in the vehicle- treated DSS mice. The colon length was shorter in the FR167653-treated DSS mice than in the vehicle-treated DSS mice. Disease activity index and histological colitis score were significantly higher in FR167653- than in vehicle-treated DSS animals. Microscopically, mucosal edema, cellular infiltration (CD4 T cells and F4/80 macrophages), and the disruption of the epithelium were much more severe in FR167653-treated mice than in controls. Mucosal mRNA expression for interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were found to be markedly reduced in FR167653-treated DSS mice. CONCLUSION: Treatment with FR167653 aggravated DSS colitis in mice. This effect was accompanied by a reduction of mucosal IL-1β and TNF-α expression, suggesting a role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPk)-mediated proinflammatory cytokine induction in host defense mechanisms.

关键词： p38 Inflammatory bowel disease Cytokine Experimental colitis Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Some Physiological Responses of Chinese Iris to Salt Stress

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Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 454-463页

作者： BAI Wen-Bo LI Pin-Fang LI Bao-Guo H. fujiyama FAN Fen-Cheng College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education Beijing 100094 （China） Faculty of Agriculture Tottori University Tottori 680-8553 （Japan） Beijing Oasis Technology Development Co. Ltd. Beijing 100094 （China）

Chinese iris （Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （Fisch） koidz.）, a robust iridaceous plant, is widespread in arid and semiarid regions with high salinity. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, plant growth, water status, content and distribution of inorganic ions, cell membrane permeability, and proline content of I. laetea under salt stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with six NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 350 mmol L^-1. The results indicated that the biomass, height, fresh weight, k^＋ content, and k^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ ratios decreased with increasing NaCl stress, whereas plant water deficit and contents of Na^＋ and Cl- increased with increasing NaCl stress. In all salt treatments, water deficit of shoots was found to be higher than that of roots and had a positive correlation with salt concentration. When the NaCl concentration was less than 280 mmol L^-1, the ion absorption selectivity ratio and the transportation selectivity ratio sharply increased with increasing NaCl stress. Under medium salt stress, I. lactea exhibited a strong k^＋ selective absorption and the transportation of k^＋ from roots to shoots increased, whereas Na^＋ was not transported and was mostly retained in roots. The plants were able to maintain osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of Na^＋, Cl-, and proline. On the basis of its biomass production under salt stress, I. lactea could be considered as a facultative halophyte.

关键词： inorganic ion Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch) koidz. NaCl stress osmotic adjustment

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