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A review on the development of electrolytes for lithiumbased batteries for low temperature applications

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能源前沿:英文版 2023年第1期17卷 43-71页

作者： Jason A.MENNEL Dev chidambaram Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Nevada−RenoRenoNV 89557USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Nevada Institute for Sustainability University of Nevada−RenoRenoNV 89557USA

The aerospace industry relies heavily on lithium-ion batteries in instrumentation such as satellites and land rovers.This equipment is exposed to extremely low temperatures in space or on the Martian surface.The extremely low temperatures affect the discharge characteristics of the battery and decrease its available working capacity.Various solvents,cosolvents,additives,and salts have been researched to fine tune the conductivity,solvation,and solid-electrolyte interface forming properties of the electrolytes.Several different resistive phenomena have been investigated to precisely determine the most limiting steps during charge and discharge at low temperatures.Longer mission lifespans as well as self-reliance on the chemistry are now highly desirable to allow low temperature performance rather than rely on external heating components.As Martian rovers are equipped with greater instrumentation and demands for greater energy storage rise,new materials also need to be adopted involving next generation lithiumion chemistry to increase available capacity.With these objectives in mind,tailoring of the electrolyte with highercapacity materials such as lithium metal and silicon anodes at low temperatures is of high priority.This review paper highlights the progression of electrolyte research for low temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries over the previous several decades.

关键词： electrolyte lithium-ion low temperature aerospace solid-electrolyte interface

Assessment of terrace gardens as modifiers of building microclimate

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能源与人工环境(英文)

能源与人工环境(英文) 2022年第1期3卷 105-112页

作者： Chitra chidambaram Surabhi S.Nath Pranjali Varshney Sakshi kumar School of Architecture and Planning Sharda UniversityKnowledge Park IIIGreater NoidaUttar Pradesh 201310India Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi Okhla Industrial EstatePhase IIINew Delhi 110020India

Hard concrete roofs cause excessive heat gain impacting thermal comfort in buildings.Terrace gardens promoting greening at higher levels of built structures are seen as one of the key mitigating strategies for modifying building microclimate and improving urban health.We have undertaken a research project to quantitatively assess the value of a terrace garden in a residential scale.A garden patch of about 15 m 2 in area,a typical size available in most urban terraces is developed.Surface temperatures are measured over a period of 15 months between July 2018 to January 2020 using four thermocouple sensors,placed within and outside the garden bed,on and below the roof.We compare the thermal performance of the terrace garden across years,seasons,time of the day,presence or absence of garden bed and type and height of vegetation.The surface temperature data was found to correlate well with the ambient air temperature values.The results show that the terrace garden moderates and stabilises the ceiling temperatures and reduces it by about 2-3°C in winter months and 5-7°C in hot summers.The garden also provided nearly 400 g of fresh monthly vegetable harvest per m 2 of garden.Further,the cooling impact of the terrace garden with natural,tall,wild vegetation is higher as compared to planted vegetation.The study demonstrates a sustainable approach to terrace garden design at residential scale through quantified dual benefits of temperature control within buildings and urban farming.

关键词： Green roof Residential terrace garden Building micro-climate Urban vegetation Terrace farming Quantitative assessment

Heart failure in COVID-19 patients:Critical care experience

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第1期11卷 1-19页

作者： kevin John John Ajay k Mishra chidambaram Ramasamy Anu A George Vijairam Selvaraj Amos Lal Department of Critical Care Believers Church Medical College HospitalThiruvalla 689103India Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineSaint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Division of Medicine The Miriam Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02906United States Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care medicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States

Patients with heart failure(HF)may be at a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection and may have a worse outcome due to their comorbid conditions and advanced age.In this narrative review,we aim to study the interaction between COVID-19 and HF from a critical care perspective.We performed a systematic search for studies that reported HF and critical carerelated outcomes in COVID-19 patients in the PubMed and Medline databases.From a total of 1050 papers,we identified 26 that satisfied the eligibility criteria for our review.Data such as patient demographics,HF,intensive care unit(ICU)admission,management,and outcome were extracted from these studies and analyzed.We reported outcomes in heart-transplant patients with COVID-19 separately.In hospitalized patients with COVID-19,the prevalence of HF varied between 4%and 21%.The requirement for ICU admission was between 8%and 33%.HF patients with COVID-19 had an overall mortality rate between 20%and 40%.We identified that HF is an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients,and patients with HF were more likely to require ventilation,ICU admission and develop complications.Patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction did worse than those with HF with midrange ejection fraction,and HF with preserved ejection fraction.COVID-19 patients with HF should be identified early and managed aggressively in an attempt to improve outcomes in this cohort of patients.

关键词： Heart failure COVID-19 Critical care Intensive care Mortality

Complex regional pain syndrome: a recent update

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第1期5卷 24-34页

作者： En Lin Goh Swathikan chidambaram Daqing Ma Anaesthetics Pain Medicine and Intensive CareDepartment of Surgery and CancerFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonChelsea and Westminster Hospital369 Fulham RoadLondon SW10 9NHUK

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating condition affecting the limbs that can be induced by surgery or trauma. This condition can complicate recovery and impair one’s functional and psychological well-being. The wide variety of terminology loosely used to describe CRPS in the past has led to misdiagnosis of this condition, resulting in poor evidence-base regarding the treatment modalities available and their impact. The aim of this review is to report on the recent progress in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of CRPS and to discuss novel approaches in treating this condition.

关键词： CRPS Epidemiology Pathophysiology Treatment Future therapy

Novel degradation products of argatroban: Isolation, synthesis and extensive characterization using NMR and LC-PDA-MS/Q-TOF

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第2期8卷 86-95页

作者： Vinodh Guvvala Venkatesan chidambaram Subramanian Jaya Shree Anireddy Mahesh konda Centre for Chemical Science&Technology Institute of Science& Technology JNTUH Gland Pharma Ltd. Research and Development D.P.Pally

Forced degradation study of argatroban under conditions of hydrolysis(neutral, acidic and alkaline), oxidation,photolysis and thermal stress, as suggested in the ICH Q1 A(R2), was accomplished. The drug showed significant degradation under hydrolysis(acidic, alkaline) and oxidation(peroxide stress) conditions. The drug remained stable under thermal and photolytic stress conditions. In total, seven novel degradation products(DP-1 to DP-7) were found under diverse conditions, which were not reported earlier. The chemical structures of these degradation products were characterized by ~1H NMR,^(13)C NMR, 2 D NMR, Q-TOF-MSnand IR spectral analysis and the proposed degradation products structures were further confirmed by the individual synthesis.

关键词： Argatroban Forced degradation NMR LC-PDA LC-MS/Q-TOF-MSn

A simple method of tuning series cascade controllers for unstable systems

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2013年第4期11卷 661-667页

作者： Simi SANTOSH M.chidambaram Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras

A simple method is proposed to design P/PI controllers for a series cascade control system for unstable first order plus time-delay （FOPTD） systems. In this paper, the controller design for unstable FOPTD systems cascaded in series with stable/unstable FOPTD systems is considered. The proposed method is based on equating the coefficients of corresponding powers of s and s2 in the numerator to α1 and α2 times those of the denominator of the closed-loop transfer function for a servo problem. The open loop system consists of an unstable FOPTD system cascaded in series with a stable/unstable FOPTD system. Only two tuning parameters （α1 and α2） are required for the design of controllers. The closed-loop performances are evaluated for both the servo and regulatory problems and the performances are found to be better than that of the well established synthesis method. The robustness for uncertainty in the model parameters is studied and compared with that of the controllers designed by the synthesis method.

关键词： Cascade control Time-delay process PI controller P controller FOPTD model Tuning

Clinical research study designs: The essentials

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Pediatric Investigation 2019年第4期3卷 245-252页

作者： Ambika G.chidambaram Maureen Josephson Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

In clinical research,our aim is to design a study which would be able to derive a valid and meaningful scientific conclusion using appropriate statistical methods.The conclusions derived from a research study can either improve health care or result in inadvertent harm to patients.Hence,this requires a well-designed clinical research study that rests on a strong foundation of a detailed methodology and governed by ethical clinical principles.The purpose of this review is to provide the readers an overview of the basic study designs and its applicability in clinical research.

关键词： Clinical trials Clinical research study design Experimental study designs Observational study designs Randomization

Antihaemolytic and snake venom neutralizing effect of some Indian medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第9期4卷 743-747页

作者： chidambaram kumarapppan Albert Iaswanth karpagam kumarasunderi Department of Life Sciences.International Medical University Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Pharmacology Periyar College of Pharmaceutical Sciences.Tamilnadn.India

Objective:To validate traditional claims of usefulness of the Indian plants in management of poisonous snakebite and evaluate the antivenom properties displayed bv the alcoholic extracts of Andrographis paniculata（A.paniculata）,Crutera magna（C.magna）.Gloriosa superba （G.superba） and Hydrocotyle javanica（H.javanica）.Methods:These plants were collected, identified and the extracts were prepared bv using conventional Soxhlet ethanol extraction technique.The venom neutralization activity was accessed in mice（20-25g） and number of mortalities was observed against clinically important snake（Naja nigricollis） venom.Present study also deals with in vitro membrane stabilizing activity of these plants against hyposaline induced human red blood corpuscles（HRBC）.Results:Extracts of H.javanica and G.superba gave 80%and 90%protection to mice treated with minimum lethal dose of venom(LD99).These two plants showed significant neutralization effect against the venoms of Naja nigricollis venom.H. javanica and G.superba（25-100 mg/ml.） produced significant changes of membrane stabilization of human red blood cells（HRBC） exposed to hyposaline-induced haemolysis.Conclusions:We conclude that probably due to presence of various phytochemicals plays an important role in the anti-venom potential of these Indian medicinal plants against Naja nigricollis venom.The above observations confirmed that.***.paniculata,G,magna.G.superba and H.javanica plant extracts possess potent snake venom neutralizing capacity and could potentially be used as an adjuvants for antivenin therapy in case of snakebite envenomation.especially against the local effects of cobra venoms.

关键词： Antivenom activity Naja nigricollis hemolysis neutralization Indian medicinal plants

Theoretical and Computational Analyses of LNG Evaporator

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第2期26卷 132-137页

作者： Palani kumar chidambaram Yang Myung Jo Heuy Dong kim FMTRC Daejoo Machinery Co Ltd Department Mechanical Engineering Andong National University

Theoretical and numerical analysis on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside a LNG evaporator is conducted in this work. Methane is used instead of LNG as the operating fluid. This is because; methane constitutes over 80% of natural gas. The analytical calculations are performed using simple mass and energy balance equations. The analytical calculations are made to assess the pressure and temperature variations in the steam tube. Multiphase numerical simulations are performed by solving the governing equations(basic flow equations of continuity, momentum and energy equations) in a portion of the evaporator domain consisting of a single steam pipe. The flow equations are solved along with equations of species transport. Multiphase modeling is incorporated using VOF method. Liquid methane is the primary phase. It vaporizes into the secondary phase gaseous methane. Steam is another secondary phase which flows through the heating coils. Turbulence is modeled by a two equation turbulence model. Both the theoretical and numerical predictions are seen to match well with each other. Further parametric studies are planned based on the current research.

关键词： LNG 计算能量平衡方程多相流模型甲烷气体蒸汽管道流体流动数值分析