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Treatment of spent wash water derived from shredded lettuce processing using a combination of electrocoagulation and germicidal ultraviolet light

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第2期1卷 147-152页

作者： k.khalid D Alharbi V.Lau C.Liang R.G.Zytner J.Shi k.Warriner Department of Food Science University of GuelphOntarioCanada School of Engineering University of GuelphOntarioCanada Guelph Food Research Center Agriculture Agri Food CanadaGuelphOntarioCanada

Objective:Water recycling is a significant part of an overall water management *** current study evaluated electrocoagulation,used in combination with ultraviolet light(at 254 nm),to reduce the organic content and enhance the microbiological quality,of wash water derived from shredded lettuce ***:The composition of spent wash water derived from a commercial lettuce processing operation was used to prepare a simulated solution to be applied to validate the water recycling *** simulated spent wash water was subjected to an electrocoagulation process followed by filtration and a tertiary ultraviolet(254 nm)*** efficacy of the recycling treatment to decrease turbidity(nephelometric turbidity units,biological oxygen demand(BOD),chemical oxygen demand(COD)and decrease in introduced bacterial ***:Spent wash water sampled from a commercial processing line was found to be colloidal in nature(78±26 NTU)with low total solids content(544±87 mg/L),BOD(230±53 mg/L)and COD(309±53 mg/L).An electrocogaultion process performed for 10 min using 3.48 A/m2 current density at pH 6.5 and conductivity of>100μS/cm supported an 87%removal of turbidity,38%reduction in BOD along with 49%decrease in *** electrocoagulation process was also found to reduce the levels of Escherichia coli,Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes by 1-2 log *** tertiary UV treatment of water derived from the electro coagulation process,supported further reduction in model pathogens,although it was noted that the D values for inactivation were in the order of 1.01-1.60 mJ/cm^(2),which compares to 0.22-0.31 mJ/cm^(2) in *** apparent increase in bacterial resistance to ultraviolet was likely due to the UV absorbing low molecular weight constituents within wash water that provided protection against ***:In conclusion,the study demonstrated the feasibility of applying electrocoagulation and UV to rapidly treat spent lettuce wash water to fa

关键词： Biological oxygen demand(BOD) Chemical oxygen demand(COD) Electrocoagulation Fresh produce Lettuce UV Washing Water recycling.

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VISUALIZATION OF DYNAMIC ORGANIZATION OF CYTOSkELETON GELS IN LIVING CELLS BY HYBRID-SPM

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第2期21卷 169-174页

作者： k.kawabata Y.Sado M.Nagayama T.Nitta k.Nemoto Y.koyama H.Haga Divisions of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University 060-0810 SapporoDivisions of Physics Graduate School of Science. Hokkaido University 060-0810 SapporoDivisions of Physics Graduate School of Science. Hokkaido University 060-0810 SapporoDivisions of Physics Graduate School of Science. Hokkaido University 060-0810 SapporoDivisions of Physics Graduate School of Science. Hokkaido University 060-0810 SapporoDepartment of Biochemistry Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo 060-8638 JapanDivisions of Physics Graduate School of Science Hokkaido University 060-0810 Sapporo

We succeeded in performing of hybrid Scanning Probe Microscopy (hybrid-SPM) in which mechanical-SPM andfluorescence microscopy are combined. This technique is able to measure simultaneously mechanical properties anddistribution of cytoskeletons of living cells by using green fluorescent protein. We measured evolution of both local elasticityand distributions of actin stress fibers in an identical fibroblast living in physiological conditions. The SPM experimentsrevealed that stiffer lines develop in living cells, which correspond to actin stress fibers. The elasticity of the actin stressfibers is as high as 100 kPa. We discuss mechanical effects on the development of actin filament networks.

关键词： Scanning probe microscopy Green fluorescent protein Fibroblast Cell migration, Cytoskeleton Elasticity

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Acute Toxicity of Methyl Isocyanate in Mammals. Ⅳ Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Rabbits

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第4期4卷 384-391页

作者： k.JEEVARATNAM R.BHATTACHARYA k.SUGENDRAN C.S.VAIDYANATHAN Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior IndiaDivision of Pharmacology & Toxicology Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior IndiaDivision of Pharmacology & Toxicology Defence R & D Establishment Gwalior IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Subcutaneous administration of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in 0.5 LDso and 1.0 LD50 to female rabbits resulted in significant increases of hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and leukocyte count in blood, as well as plasma total proteins, urea and cholesterol. A significant decrease in plasma albumin level was only observed in the 1.0 LD50 group. Urine of MIC intoxicated animals showed presence of protein, bilirubin, elevated urea and urobilinogen, while urine volume was reduced. The hematological and biochemical changes induced by MIC are perhaps the result of fluid loss from the vascular compartment as evidenced by the histopathological observations. This study further substantiates the view that acute toxicity of MIC is mediated in vivo by its effects on vascular beds.

关键词： Acute Toxicity of Methyl Isocyanate in Mammals Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Rabbits

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Avian influenza virus ecology in wild birds of Western Siberia

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Avian Research 2017年第2期8卷 110-114页

作者： k.A.Sharshov A.k.Yurlov Xinxin Li Wen Wang Laixing Li Yuhai Bi Wenjun Liu Takehiko Saito Haruko Ogawa A.M.Shestopalov Laboratory of Experimental Modeling and Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical MedicineNovosibirskRussia 630117 Research Group of Birds Ecology Institute of Systematics and Ecology of AnimalsSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia 630091 Faculty of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirskRussia 630090 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning(CASCIRE) Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology(CASPMI) Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Division of Transboundary Animal Disease National Institute of Animal Health(NIAH)National Agriculture and Food Research Organization(NARO)TsukubaIbaraki 305-0856Japan Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineObihiroJapan

Background:The aim of the study was to explore the ecological diversity of wild birds in Siberia, which are the natural reservoir of avian influenza virus(AIV).Methods:Cloacal swabs and intestinal fragments were collected from wild migratory birds from 2007-2014. Isolated viruses were grown in the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs. The presence of virus was determined using hemagglutination assays. Primary identification and subtyping of influenza viruses was confirmed by ***:A total of 2300 samples obtained from wild migratory birds of 8 orders were collected and tested. Influenza was detected in 185 birds of 3 orders. Species of family Anatidae(order Anseriformes) such as European Teal(Anas crecca), Garganey Teal(A. querquedula), and Shoveler(A. clypeata) play the main role in AIV circulation in the south of Western Siberia. The proportion of viral carriers among waterfowl ranged from 5.6 to 20% in 2007-2014. The order Charadriiformes had lower virus isolation rates of not more than 1.4%.Conclusions:Wild migratory waterfowl of orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes are the main reservoir of AIV in the south of Western Siberia. This area plays a key role in persistence, evolution, and geographical distribution of avian influenza.

关键词： Influenza A virus Wild birds Water and wetland complex Ecology Migration Distribution Surveillance

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ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF GARDNERULA(CYANOPHYTA) AND THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1982年第1期1卷 111-120页

作者： C.k.Tseng Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica

In 1975, 1976 and 1980 we collected from Jinyindao (Jinyin Isle) and Chenhangdao (Chenhang Isle) of the Xisha Islands, South China Sea six numbers of upright-growing, repeatedly branched, filiform cyanophyceous seaweeds. More than one thousand specimens were collected, and detailed studies showed that they belong to the little known tropical cyanophyte Gardnerula de Toni, not previously reported from the Chinese waters. Gardnerula (Rivulariaceae, Nostocales) was established by de Toni in 1936 to receive Microcoleus corymbosa Harvey (1857) from key West, Florida, Polythrix spongiosa Zanardini (1872) from Singapore and Sirocoleum jensenii Weber-van Bosse (1926) from kei Island,

关键词： ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF GARDNERULA AND THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS CYANOPHYTA

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Perturbations in Earth’s Atmosphere over An Indian Region during the Total Solar Eclipse on 22 July 2009

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 784-796页

作者： S.B.Surendra PRASAD Vinay kUMAR k.krishna REDDY S.k.DHAkA Shristy MALIk M.Venkatarami REDDY U.Murali kRISHNA Semi-arid-zone Atmospheric Research Centre(SARC) Department of PhysicsYogi Vemana UniversityKadapaAndhra Pradesh 516003India Radio and Atmospheric Physics Lab Rajdhani CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110015India Department of Applied Physics Delhi Technical UniversityDelhi 110042India

During a total solar eclipse(TSE)on 22 July 2009,atmospheric perturbations were monitored from the surface to thermosphere to understand TSE’s impact on the meteorological(temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,and wind direction)and chemical(O3 and NOx)parameters around kadapa(14.28°N,78.42°E),a tropical semi-arid region of *** this purpose,an experiment was conducted at Yogi Vemana University Campus,kadapa,India,to measure the temperature,wind speed,wind direction,and concentrations of ozone(O3),NO,NO2,and NOx by using the automatic weather station(AWS)and O3 *** the eclipse day(22 July 2009),the surface observations at kadapa showed a reduction in temperature(about 1.1℃)because of the solar *** of the thermal,dynamical(wind),and chemical parameters on the TSE day with control days[preceding(21 July 2009)and succeeding(23 July 2009)the TSE]illustrated the influence of solar *** the eclipse period,the O3 mixing ratio decreased,while NO2 and NOx increased;however,NO remained *** addition,radio occultation(RO)temperature profiles from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate(COSMIC)/Formosat Satellite Mission(FORMOSAT-3)and Thermosphere,Ionosphere,and Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellites were utilized to understand the impact of TSE on dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere from tropopause to the *** vertical resolution COSMIC observations revealed that during the solar eclipse,tropopause was cooler with twin peaks(double tropopause).The lower thermosphere between 110 and 130 km became warmer during the TSE,which might be caused by the dynamical response of the atmosphere in this region to the solar *** experimental data have provided very fine-scale variations of the atmospheric parameters both in time and height and also constituted a new set of results on TSE for further research.

关键词： total solar eclipse (TSE) atmospheric perturbations tropopause dynamics COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3satellite radio occultation (RO) observations

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The drift history of the Dharwar Craton and India from 2.37 Ga to 1.01 Ga with refinements for an initial Rodinia configuration

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 245-269页

作者： Scott R.Miller Joseph G.Meert Anthony F.Pivarunas Anup k.Sinha Manoj k.Pandit Paul A.Mueller George D.kamenov Department of Geological Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32601USA U.S.Geological Survey GeologyMineralsEnergyand Geophysics Science CenterUnited States Geological SurveyMoffett FieldCA 94035USA Dr.k.S.krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory Chamanganj BazaarAllahabad 221505India Department of Geology University of RajasthanJaipur 302004RajasthanIndia

Coupled paleomagnetic and geochronologic data derived from mafic dykes provide valuable records of continental *** reconstruct the Proterozoic paleogeographic history of Peninsular India,we report paleomagnetic directions and U-Pb zircon ages from twenty-nine mafic dykes in the Eastern Dharwar Craton near *** analysis yielded clusters of directional data that correspond to dyke swarms at 2.37 Ga,2.22 Ga,2.08 Ga,1.89-1.86 Ga,1.79 Ga,and a previously undated dual polarity *** report new positive baked contact tests for the 2.08 Ga swarm and the 1.89-1.86 Ga swarm(s),and a new inverse baked contact test for the 2.08 Ga *** results promote the 2.08 Ga Dharwar Craton paleomagnetic pole(43.1°N,184.5°E;A95=4.3°)to a reliability score of R=7 and suggest a position for the Dharwar Craton at 1.79 Ga based on a virtual geomagnetic pole(VGP)at 33.0°N,347.5°E(a95=16.9°,k=221,N=2).The new VGP for the Dharwar Craton provides support for the union of the Dharwar,Singhbhum,and Bastar Cratons in the Southern India Block by at least 1.79 *** new and published northeast-southwest moderate-steep dual polarity directions from Dharwar Craton dykes define a new paleomagnetic pole at 20.6°N,233.1°E(A95=9.2°,N=18;R=5).Two dykes from this group yielded 1.05-1.01 Ga 207Pb/206Pb zircon ages and this range is taken as the age of the new paleomagnetic pole.A comparison of the previously published poles with our new 1.05-1.01 Ga pole shows India shifting from equatorial to higher(southerly)latitudes from 1.08 Ga to 1.01 Ga as a component of Rodinia.

关键词： Dharwar India Rodinia U-Pb Paleogeography Grenville

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Safety Evaluation of a Potent Tetanus Vaccine (250 Lf) in Guinea Pigs (Cavia procellus)

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第3期3卷 364-371页

作者： N.SETHI R.k.SRIVASTAVA R.k.SINGH S.SRIVASTAVA Division of Toxicology Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow-226001 India

A subacute toxicity study of a potent tetanus toxoid (250 Lf) was carried out in guinea *** toxoid was injected subcutaneously at the nape of the neck at dose levels of 1.0, *** 2.0 ml in Groups Ⅱ. Ⅲ. and Ⅳ, *** the controls (Group Ⅰ) 2.0 ml of aluminum phosphate suspension was given in each *** evaluations of body weight, food/water intake, general observable behavior, *** blood chemistry in toxoid-injected guinea pigs were similar to those in control guinea ***, the toxoid did not cause any side effects up to four times the dose proposed for humans.1990 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Cavia procellus Safety Evaluation of a Potent Tetanus Vaccine Lf in Guinea Pigs

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RUPTURING OF POLYMER FILMS WITH RUBBING-INDUCED SURFACE DEFECTS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第2期21卷 123-128页

作者： B.Du F.C.Xie Y.J.Wang O.k.C.Tsui O.k.C.Tsui InstituteofNanoScienceandTechnologyandPhysicsDepartment HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyClearWaterBayKowloonHongKong InvitedlecturepresentedattheInternationalSymposiumonPolymerPhysics 2002QingdaoChinaReceivedJuly9 2002

It has been a long-standing question whether dewetting of polymer film from non-wettable substrate surfaceswherein the bicontinuous morphology never forms in the dewetting film is due to spinodal instability or heterogeneousnucleation. In this experiment, we use a simple method to make the distinction through introduction of topographical defectsof the films by rubbing the sample surface with a rayon cloth. Spinodal dewetting is identified for those films that dewet by acharateristic wavevector, q, independent of the density of rubbing-induced defects. Heterogeneous nucleation, on the otherhand, is identified for those with q increasing with increasing density of defects. Our result shows that PS films on oxidecoated silicon with thickness less than ≈ 13 nm are dominated by spinodal dewetting, but the thicker films are dominated bynucleation dewetting. We also confirm that spinodal dewetting does not necessarily lead to a bicontinuous morphology in thedewetting film, contrary to the classic theory of Cahn.

关键词： Dewetting Polymer thin films Spinodal instability Heterogeneous nucleation

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Luminescence properties of Gd2Si2O7：Ce and Gd2Si2O7：La,Ce under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2016年第8期34卷 782-785页

作者： M.koshimizu T.Yanagida Y.Fujimoto k.Asai Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6-6-07 Aoba Aramaof Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-Cho Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan

The luminescence properties of Ce- or Ce and La-doped gadolinium pyrosilicate （Gd2Si2OT, GPS） were characterized using vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） excitation light. A prominent emission band was observed in the luminescence spectra with excitation at 60 nm and ascribed to 5d-4f transition of Ce3＋. Because the excitation wavelength of 60 nm corresponded to the excitation in the host matrix, this result indicated that the excitation energy transfer occurred from the host matrix to Ce3＋ ions. On the basis of the rise in the luminescence time profiles with excitation at 60 nm, the energy transfer occurred within 2 ns, which was much shorter than that of Ce-doped Gd2SiO2. For Ce-doped GPS, the decay rate was slower for the host excitation than that for direct excitation of Ce3＋. In contrast, for Ce and La-doped GPS, no significant difference was observed for the host excitation and direct excitation of Ce3＋. This result indicated that the energy transfer from the host to Ce3＋ ions led to a different radiative decay process, and that La doping had an effect on the energy transfer and decay process.

关键词： energy transfer scintillation vacuum ultraviolet rare earths

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