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Integrated Phytodisinfectant-Sand Filter Drum for Household Water Treatment in Subsaharan Africa

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第8期5卷 947-954页

作者： k.a. yongabi D.M. Lewis P.L. Harris School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 South Australia School of Agriculture and Wine The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 South Australia

This report details an assessment of an integrated low-technology phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum for household water and waste water treatment for sub-Saharan Africa, using bacterial culture tests, total solids, and turbidity amongst others is presented. A hundred litres of very dirty/turbid water （130.3 NTU） was pretreated with 100 seeds of Moringa olieferaand further filtered through a sand filter drum （120 litres carrying capacity） made of fine, coarse sand, charcoal and gravel. The mean total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts, E coli, coliform, pseudomonas, and yeast counts, as well as turbidity of untreated water drastically reduced to wealth health organization acceptable standards for potable water. The results indicated that the mean values of the same parameters for sand filtered pond water alone was significantly lower than the corresponding mean values obtained for Moringa treated pond water. The findings from this study suggest strongly that an integral of two natural water purification technologies （phytodisinfectant-sand filter drum） could be applied for the treatment of all types of contaminated water rendering it free from pathogens for potable and non potable uses.

关键词： Phytodisinfectant bacteria pathogens turbidity sandfilter drum treatment

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A Moringa Oleifera Disinfectant-Sand Filter Integration： A Review of an Alternative Sustainable Technology for Household Water Treatment

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第9期5卷 1100-1108页

作者： k.a. yongabi D.M. Lewis P.L. Harris Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 South Australia Department of Agriculture and Wine Science The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 South Australia

This review provides an insight and up-to-date information on the application of Moringa oleifera seeds, the short falls of existing technologies as a coagulant and disinfectant in domestic water treatment. While the coagulant properties are well reported, the disinfectant properties are not well studied. Literatures on low cost alternative technologies such as the application of hiocoagulants and slow sand filters are extensively reported. However, there is limited work.a.dressing the limitations of these technologies that have restricted its widespread use to solve the global soaring water crises. Slow sand filters have a very slow filtration rate that depends on the biofilm layer which takes about 17 days to form. Moringa oleifera treated water cannot last more than 48 hours without bacteria regrowth. Investigation of the best method of isolating coagulant component continues with differing opinions over the nature of its coagulant ingredient not resolved in ongoing literature. An attempt was made in this paper to highlight the advantages of a Moringa disinfectant sand filter hybrid system that can purify water. Microbiological advantages of this system in providing a 100% removal of pathogens, and engineering considerations such as water treatment within an hour residence time, faster flow rates, less clogging and back.a.hing could be some of the advantages ofa Moringa sand filter system. The need to focus on integrating Moringa and sand filter systems for more practical applications is recommended.

关键词： Moringa oleifera disinfectant sand filter water integration review

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