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Potential reduction in carbon fixation capacity under climate change in a Pinus k.raiensis forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 152-161页

作者： Dong k.ok.woo Department of civil Engineering Keimyung UniversityDaegu42601Republic of Korea

There has been an increasing recognition of the crucial role of forests, responsible for sequestering atmospheric cO_(2), as a moral imperative for mitigating the pace of climate change. The complexity of evaluating climate change impacts on forest carbon and water dynamics lies in the diverse acclimations of forests to changing environments. In this study, we assessed two of the most common acclimation traits, namely leaf area index and the maximum rate of carboxylation(V_(cmax)), to explore the potential acclimation pathways of Pinus k.raiensis under climate change. We used a mechanistic and process-based ecohydrological model applied to a P. k.raiensis forest in Mt. Taehwa, South k.rea. We conducted numerical investigations into the impacts of(i) Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 2–4.5(SSP2-4.5) and 5–8.5(SSP5-8.5),(ii) elevated atmospheric cO_(2) and temperature, and(iii) acclimations of leaf area index and V_(cmax)on the carbon and water dynamics of P. k.raiensis. We found that there was a reduction in net primary productivity(NPP) under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, but not under SSP5-8.5, compared to the baseline, due to an imbalance between increases in atmospheric cO_(2) and temperature. A decrease in leaf area index and an increase in V_(cmax)of P. k.raiensis were expected if acclimations were made to reduce its leaf temperature. Under such acclimation pathways, it would be expected that the well-k.own cO_(2) fertilizer effects on NPP would be attenuated.

关键词： climate change NEP Pinus k.raiensis Warming Acclimation

Fine-tuning electronic structure of N-doped graphitic carbon-supported co-and Fe-incorporated Mo_(2)c to achieve ultrahigh electrochemical water oxidation activity

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carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 134-149页

作者： Md.Selim Arif Sher Shah Hyeonjung Jung Vinod k.Paidi k.g-Seung Lee Jeong woo Han Jong Hyeok.Park Department of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of chemistry University of North BengalRaja RammohunpurDarjeelingWest BengalIndia Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Beamline DivisionPohangRepublic of Korea European Synchrotron Radiation Facility France

Mo_(2)c is an excellent electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,Mo_(2)c is a poor electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,two different elements,namely co and Fe,are incorporated in Mo_(2)c that,therefore,has a finely tuned electronic structure,which is not achievable by incorporation of any one of the ***,the resulting electrocatalyst co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)-Mo_(2)c-80 displayed excellent OER catalytic performance,which is evidenced by a low overpotential of 214.0(and 246.5)mV to attain a current density of 10(and 50)mA cm^(-2),an ultralow Tafel slope of 38.4 mV dec^(-1),and longterm stability in alk.line *** data demonstrates that co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)-Mo_(2)c-80 requires the lowest overpotential(1.00 V)for OER and co centers to be the active *** ultrahigh catalytic performance of the electrocatalyst is attributed to the excellent intrinsic catalytic activity due to high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area,large electrochemically active surface area,small Tafel slope,and low chargetransfer resistance.

关键词： fine-tuning electronic structures heteronanostructures Mo_(2)c multimetal(co/Fe) oxygen evolution reaction

Random pinhole attenuator for high-power laser beams

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 116-121页

作者： Seong cheol Park.Hyeok.Yun Jin woo Yoon Seong k. Lee Jae Hee Sung Il woo choi chang Hee Nam k.ung Taec k.m Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangjuRepublic of Korea Advanced Photonics Research Institute Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea

The intensity attenuation of a high-power laser is a frequent task.in the measurements of optical *** intensity can be attenuated by inserting an optical element,such as a partial reflector,polarizer or absorption *** devices are,however,not always easily applicable,especially in the case of ultra-high-power lasers,because they can alter the characteristics of a laser beam or become easily *** this study,we demonstrated that the intensity of a laser beam could be effectively attenuated using a random pinhole attenuator(RPA),a device with randomly distributed pinholes,without changing the beam *** this device,a multi-PW laser beam was successfully attenuated and the focused beam profile was measured without any alterations of its *** addition,it was confirmed that the temporal profile of a laser pulse,including the spectral phase,was ***,the RPA possesses significant potential for a wide range of applications.

关键词： high-power laser intensity attenuation laser diagnostics

Extracellular vesicles for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 491-492页

作者： Young-Ju Lim wook.Tae Park.Gun woo Lee Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yeungnam University Medical CenterYeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguKorea

What is spinal cord injury:Spinal cord injury(ScI)is the damage to the structure of the bundles of cells and nerves that communicate signals from the brain to the body and *** pathology of ScI includes both primary and secondary injuries(Morales et al.,2016).Physical forces such as compression,shearing,contusion,and tearing are major causes of primary injury in *** are two main processes in primary injury:acute and *** acute phase includes traumatic disruption of axons and hemorrhage of the blood vessels around the spinal *** injury to the vessels can lead to increased edema within the neural and cord tissues,susceptibility to infiltration by microglia and astrocytes,excitotoxicity,and ***,disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier results in the release of inflammatory cytok.nes from specific cells and vessels.

关键词： acute injuries nerves

Increasing concentrations of dietary threonine,tryptophan,and glycine improve growth performance and intestinal health with decreasing stress responses in broiler chick.ns raised under multiple stress conditions

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 145-153页

作者： Hyun woo k.m Jong Hyuk.k.m Gi Ppeum Han Dong Yong k.l Department of Animal Science and Technology Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea Department of Animal Science Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Republic of Korea

The current study aimed to compare the effects of increasing concentrations of dietary threonine(Thr),tryptophan(Trp),and glycine(Gly)on growth performance,stress biomark.rs,and intestinal function in broiler chick.ns under multiple stress *** hundred sixty broiler chick.ns at 21 d old were randomly allotted to 5 treatments with 8 *** in a positive control(Pc)treatment were raised under low stock.density(16.9 birds/m2 per cage)with recommended environmental conditions,whereas birds in 4 treatments were subjected to multiple stress conditions:a cyclic heat stress of 30±0.3°c for 10 h and 23±0.2°c for 14 h per day with high stock.density(25.3 birds/m2 per cage).A basal diet was assigned to both Pc and negative control(Nc)*** additional diets were individually formulated to contain double concentrations of digestible Thr,Trp,or Gly+Ser compared with their concentrations in the basal *** experiment lasted for 14 *** showed that Nc treatment had less growth performance(Pcell counts(P=0.018),and trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER;Pcorticosterone(cORT)concentrations than Pc *** treatment showed the least(Pconversion ratio(FcR)among treatments under multiple stress ***,Trp,and Gly treatments had less(P=0.026)feather cORT concentrations,but had greater(Pc *** conclusion,increasing concentrations of dietary Thr,Trp,or Gly improve the growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chick.ns with decreasing stress response under multiple stress conditions.

关键词： Broiler chick.n Glycine Multiple stress Threonine Tryptophan

Tetramic acid-motif natural products from a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 and their anti-Park.nson activities

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 84-92页

作者： Yuna Jung chaesun k.on Taeyeon k.m Jin woo Lee Min-k.oo Shin Sang Hee Shim Natural Products Research Institute College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea college of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea college of Pharmacy Duksung Women’s UniversitySeoul 01369Republic of Korea

Tetramic acid-containing natural products are attracting significantly increasing attention from biologists and chemists due to their intriguing structures and biological *** the present study,two new tetramic acid alk.loids tolypyridone I(1)and tolypyridone J(2),together with five k.own ones(3–7),were isolated from cultures of a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 isolate obtained from a marine sediment in Beaufort sea of North *** structures were elucidated using 1D,2D NMR,and *** configurations were established on the basis of 1H coupling constants,ROESY correlations and DP4 *** 2 was isolated as mixtures of rotational isomers with c-3 to c-7 axis between 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone and 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylcyclohexane,hindering *** our unbiased screening to discover neuroprotective compounds in an in vitro Park.nson’s disease(PD)model,SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells were treated with isolated compounds followed by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+)),a park.nsonian *** tested compounds,F-14329(7)significantly protected cells from MPP^(+)-induced ***^(+)-mediated cell death is k.own to be related to the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins,specifically the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax *** with 2 mmol/L of MPP^(+)for 24 h significantly reduced Bcl-2 levels compared to control treated with ***,treatment with F-14329(7)attenuated such *** study demonstrates that tetramic acid-motif compounds could be potential lead compounds for treating PD.

关键词： Tolypocladium cylindrosporum Tetramic acid Tolypyridone Park.nson’s disease

Bidirectional rotating direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator with self-adaptive mechanical switching for harvesting reciprocating motion

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 324-335页

作者： Donghan Lee Joonmin chae Sumin cho Jong woo k.m Awais Ahmad Mohammad Rezaul k.rim Moonwoo La Sung Jea Park.Dongwhi choi Department of Mechanical Engineering(Integrated Engineering Program) Kyung Hee University1732 Deogyeong-daeroYonginGyeonggi 17104Republic of Korea Department of chemistry University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11421Saudi Arabia School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education1600 Chungjeol-roCheonanChungnam 31253Republic of Korea

Amid the growing interest in triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as novel energy-harvesting devices,several studies have focused on direct current(Dc)TENGs to generate a stable Dc output for operating electronic ***,owing to the work.ng mechanisms of conventional Dc TENGs,generating a stable Dc output from reciprocating motion remains a ***,we propose a bidirectional rotating Dc TENG(BiR-TENG),which can generate Dc outputs,regardless of the direction of rotation,from reciprocating *** distinct design of the BiR-TENG enables the mechanical rectification of the alternating current output into a rotational-direction-dependent Dc ***,it allows the conversion of the rotational-direction-dependent Dc output into a unidirectional Dc output by adapting the configurations depending on the rotational *** to these tailored design strategies and subsequent optimizations,the BiR-TENG could generate an effective unidirectional Dc *** of the BiR-TENG for the reciprocating motions of swinging doors and waves were demonstrated by harnessing this *** study demonstrates the potential of the BiR-TENG design strategy as an effective and versatile solution for energy harvesting from reciprocating motions,highlighting the suitability of Dc outputs as an energy source for electronic devices.

关键词： direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator mechanical rectification self-adaptive mechanical design harvesting reciprocation motion

应用物联网技术加速畜禽精准饲喂:从概念到实施

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2156-2160页

作者：苏家宜谭碧娥蒋宗勇吴德 c.M.Nyachoti Sung woo k.m 印遇龙王婧 k.y Laboratory of Hunan Province for the Products Quality Regulation of Livestock.and Poultry College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China k.y Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of china and Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3T 2N2Canada Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh 27695USA Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410128China Yuelushan Laboratory Changsha 410128China

Maximizing sow reproductive performance is vital for ensuring healthy piglet supply,feed efficiency,and profitability,which requires understanding factors such as nutrition,disease control,genetics,herd management,and their *** is well documented that most reproductive issues in sows stem from extreme fluctuations in body reserves[1].Thus,optimizing reproduction should prioritize regulating body reserves and mak.ng continuous nutritional adjustments throughout a sow’s life[1,2].However,the traditional one-size-fits-all feeding strategy may not meet individual sow needs under varying *** feeding strategy leads to nutrient under-or over-feeding,which may result in a lack.of performance and health issues on the one hand,and economic loss and negative environmental effects on the other.

关键词： feeding extreme reserves

Subjective refractions determined by Dyop® and LogMAR chart as fixation targets

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第4期7卷 19-26页

作者： Rita W.Sum George c.woo School of Optometry The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Back.round:Dyop®is a dynamic optotype with a rotating and segmented visual *** can be used for visual acuity and refractive error *** objective of the study was to compare refractive error measurement using the Dyop®acuity and LogMAR E ***:Fifty subjects aged 18 or above with aided visual acuity better than 6/12 were *** error was measured by subjective refraction methods using the Dyop®acuity chart and LogMAR E charts and the duration of measurement ***’s notation was used to represent the refractive error obtained for ***:There was no significant difference in terms of spherical equivalent(M)(P=0.96)or J0(P=0.78)and J45(P=0.51)components measured using the Dyop®acuity and LogMAR E ***,subjective refraction measurement was significantly faster using the Dyop®acuity chart(t=4.46,Pconds using the LogMAR E ***:Accuracy of refractive error measurement using a Dyop®chart was comparable with use of a LogMAR E *** dynamic optotype Dyop®could be considered as an alternative fixation target to be used in subjective refraction.

关键词： Dyop dynamic optotype visual acuity subjective refraction