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Mitigating fire risk. in hospitals:Are we primed and geared up?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 141-142页

作者： raman Sharma Sruti Sharma Department of Hospital Administration PGIMERChandigarhIndia Department of Hospital Administration Satellite CentreSangrurPGIMERChandigarhIndia

The recent incidents have confirmed that fires in COVID-19 hospitals have become a gruelling and nerve-testing challenge[1-3].The increased volumes of oxygen flow,abundance of inflammable alcohol sanitizers,wearing of inflammable k.ts,and abundance of equipment mak. it more acquiescent for such incidents and even difficult to control.The density of equipment(especially ventilators)“enriches”air with oxygen,thereby increasing the“combustion risk..

关键词： nit thereby control

Graphene-calcium carbonate coating to improve the degradation resistance and mechanical integrity of a biodegradable implant

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 394-404页

作者： Lok.sh Choudhary Parama Chak.aborty Banerjee R.k.Singh raman Derrek.E.Lobo Christopher D.Easton Mainak.Majumder Frank.Witte Jörg F.Löffler Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory(NSEL) Bldg 37Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Department of MaterialsETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland

Biodegradable implants are critical for regenerative orthopaedic procedures,but they may suffer from too fast corrosion in human-body environment.This necessitates the synthesis of a suitable coating that may improve the corrosion resistance of these implants without compromising their mechanical integrity.In this study,an AZ91 magnesium alloy,as a representative for a biodegradable Mg implant material,was modified with a thin reduced graphene oxide(RGO)-calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))composite coating.Detailed analytical and in-vitro electrochemical characterization reveals that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity,and thus has the potential to greatly extend the related application field.

关键词： Graphene coating Biodegradable implant Hydroxyapatite Corrosion Magnesium alloy

A generative adversarial network.(GAN) approach to creating synthetic flame images from experimental data

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2023年第3期13卷 14-24页

作者： Anthony Carreon Shivam Barwey venkat raman University of Michigan Department of AerospaceAnn ArborMIUSA Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA

Modern diagnostic tools in turbulent combustion allow for highly-resolved measurements of reacting flows;however,they tend to generate massive data-sets,rendering conventional analysis intractable and inefficient.To alleviate this problem,machine learning tools may be used to,for example,discover features from the data for downstream modeling and prediction task..To this end,this work.applies generative adversarial network.(GANs)to generate realistic flame images based on a time-resolved data set of hydroxide concentration snapshots obtained from planar laser induced fluorescence measurements of a model combustor.The generative model is able to generate flames in attached,lifted,and intermediate configurations dictated by the user.Using𝑙-means clustering and proper orthogonal decomposition,the synthetic image set produced by the GAN is shown to be visually similar to the real image set,with recirculation zones and burned/unburned regions clearly present,indicating good GAN performance in capturing the experimental data statistical structure.Combined with techniques for controlling the configuration of generated flames,this work.opens new avenues towards tractable statistical analysis and modeling of flame behavior,as well as rapid and inexpensive flame data generation.

关键词： Generative adversarial network Combustion modeling Data-driven modeling

Evaluating spatial and elevation-wise daytime/nighttime LST trends across the Indus River Basin

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第11期20卷 3154-3172页

作者： Suraj MAL k.vya AGRAWAL Seema RANI Pyarimohan MAHARANA Viswanathan Anantha venkat raman Center for the Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India. Department of Geography Shaheed Bhagat Singh CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110017India Seth Phool Chand Bagla(P.G.)College Hathras(Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar University) Uttar Pradesh 204101India4 Department of GeographyInstitute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005India Department of Environmental Studies Delhi College of Arts and CommerceUniversity of DelhiNetaji NagarNew Delhi110023India

Land surface temperature(LST)is a crucial parameter for understanding the Earth's surface energy balance,which provides insights into climate dynamics and local environmental conditions.Thus,the present study aims to evaluate the spatial and elevation-wise trends in the daytime,nighttime,and mean LST across the Indus River Basin(IRB)using MODIS 8-day product for the period between 2002 and 2022.The elevation,cloud cover,and land cover type data are used for explaining the emerging LST trends.The Theil slope estimator and Mannk.ndall significance test were used for estimating the seasonal and annual LST trends.The findings show warming in mean daytime(0.020-0.024℃/yr)(except winter and post-monsoon),nighttime(0.013-0.049℃/yr),and mean(0.001-0.042℃/yr)LST in all the seasons(highest in monsoon).The annual mean nighttime LST(0.025℃/yr)is rising significantly faster than the mean daytime LST(0.0016℃/yr),showing the presence of a“nighttime warming effect”,which possibly increases human discomfort,particularly during the warm pre-monsoon and humid monsoon season.Elevation-dependent warming(EDW)is predominant in mean daytime LST in two elevation zones,namely(i)0-3 k. and(ii)above 4 k.,in all seasons,except in post-monsoon.In contrast,EDW in mean nighttime LST is observed up to 3 k. and above 6 k. in the basin in all the seasons,excluding post-monsoon.The warming trend in LST may be attributed to rising atmospheric moisture,cloud cover,declining snow cover,and changes in land cover to non-vegetated land.However,further investigations will involve exploring the underlying factors contributing to the observed anomalies in nighttime LST,considering variables such as regional energy balance and atmospheric stability.This research contributes to an understanding of the thermal dynamics in the mountain basin,aiding in climate studies,land management,and the development of effective adaptation strategies in the IRB.

关键词： Land surface temperature Elevation dependent warming Indus river basin South Asia

The outcomes and safety of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combining a single-use cholangioscope and a single-use duodenoscope:A multicenter retrospective international study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 71-76页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza Matteo Colombo Michel k.haleh V.raman Muthusamy Bick.Benjamin Wim Laleman Carmelo Barbera Carlo Fabbri Jose Nieto Abed Al-Lehibi Mohan Ramchandani Amy Tyberg Haroon Shahid Avik.Sark.r Dean Ehrlich Stuart Shermand Cecilia Binda Marco Spadaccini Andrea Iannone k.reem k.alaf Nageshwar Reddy Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repici Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanoItaly Gastroenterology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Vatche and Tamar Manouk.an Division of Digestive Diseases University of CaliforniaLos Angeles School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Division of Digestive and Liver Disorders Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium U.O.C.di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva Ospedale Giuseppe MazziniASL TeramoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsAUSL RomagnaForlì-CesenaItaly Borland Groover Clinic JacksonvilleFloridaUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HyderabadIndia Section of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityVia Rita Levi Montalcini 420090Pieve EmanueleMilanItaly

Back.round: Duodenoscope-related multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infections raise concerns. Disposable duodenoscopes have been recently introduced in the mark.t and approved by regulatory agencies with the aim to reduce the risk.of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) associated infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of procedures performed with single-use duodenoscopes in patients with clinical indications to single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy. Methods: This is a multicenter international, retrospective study combining all patients who underwent complex biliopancreatic interventions using the combination of a single-use duodenoscope and a single-use cholangioscope. The primary outcome was technical success defined as ERCP completion for the intended clinical indication. Secondary outcomes were procedural duration, rate of cross-over to reusable duodenoscope, operator-reported satisfaction score(1 to 10) on performance rating of the single-use duodenoscope, and adverse event(AE) rate. Results: A total of 66 patients(26, 39.4% female) were included in the study. ERCP was categorized according to ASGE ERCP grading system as 47(71.2%) grade 3 and 19(28.8%) grade 4. The technical success rate was 98.5%(65/66). Procedural duration was 64(interquartile range 15-189) min, cross-over rate to reusable duodenoscope was 1/66(1.5%). The satisfaction score of the single-use duodenoscope classified by the operators was 8.6 ± 1.3 points. Four patients(6.1%) experienced AEs not directly related to the single-use duodenoscope, namely 2 post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP), 1 cholangitis and 1 bleeding.Conclusions: Single-use duodenoscope is effective, reliable and safe even in technically challenging procedures with a non-inferiority to reusable duodenoscope, mak.ng these devices a viable alternative to standard reusable equipment.

关键词： Single-operator cholangioscopy Single-use duodenoscope Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Indeterminate biliary stricture Difficult biliary stones

Heating of nanoparticles and their environment by laser radiation and applications

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第1期7卷 78-115页

作者： Victor k.Pustovalov Belarusian National Technical University Pr.Independency65Minsk 220013Belarus

This review considers the fundamental dynamic processes involved in the laser heating of metal nanoparticles and their subsequent cooling.Of particular interest are the absorption of laser energy by nanoparticles,the heating of a single nanoparticle or an ensemble thereof,and the dissipation of the energy of nanoparticles due to heat exchange with the environment.The goal is to consider the dependences and values of the temperatures of the nanoparticles and the environment,their time scales,and other parameters that describe these processes.Experimental results and analytical studies on the heating of single metal nanoparticles by laser pulses are discussed,including the laser thresholds for initiating subsequent photothermal processes,how temperature inﬂuences the optical properties,and the heating of gold nanoparticles by laser pulses.Experimental studies of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the results of an analytical study of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the environment by laser radiation are considered.Nanothermometry methods for nanoparticles under laser heating are considered,including changes in the refractive indices of metals and spectral thermometry of optical scattering of nanoparticles,raman spectroscopy,the thermal distortion of the refractive index of an environment heated by a nanoparticle,and thermochemical phase transitions in lipid bilayers surrounding a heated nanoparticle.Understanding the sequence of events after radiation absorption and their time scales underlies many applications of nanoparticles.The applicationﬁelds for the laser heating of nanoparticles are reviewed,including thermochemical reactions and selective nanophotothermolysis initiated in the environment by laser-heated nanoparticles,thermal radiation emission by nanoparticles and laser-induced incandescence,electron and ion emission of heated nanoparticles,and optothermal chemical catalysis.Applications of the laser heating of nanoparticles in laser nanomedicine are of particular interest.Sign

关键词： Nanoparticles Laser Heating Modeling Nanothermometry Applications

Artificially Generated Facial Images for Gender Classification Using Deep Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1341-1355页

作者： Valliappan raman k.aled ELk.razle Patrick.Then Coimbatore Institute of Technology Coimbatore641014India Swinburne University of Technology Kuching95530Malaysia

Given the current expansion of the computer visionﬁeld,several appli-cations that rely on extracting biometric information lik. facial gender for access control,security or mark.ting purposes are becoming more common.A typical gender classiﬁer requires many training samples to learn as many distinguishable features as possible.However,collecting facial images from individuals is usually a sensitive task.and it might violate either an individual's privacy or a speciﬁc data privacy law.In order to bridge the gap between privacy and the need for many facial images for deep learning training,an artiﬁcially generated dataset of facial images is proposed.We acquire a pre-trained Style-Generative Adversar-ial Network.(StyleGAN)generator and use it to create a dataset of facial images.We label the images according to the observed gender using a set of criteria that differentiate the facial features of males and females apart.We use this manually-labelled dataset to train three facial gender classiﬁers,a custom-designed network.and two pre-trained network. based on the Visual Geometry Group designs(VGG16)and(VGG19).We cross-validate these three classiﬁers on two separate datasets containing labelled images of actual subjects.For testing,we use the UTk.ace and the k.ggle gender dataset.Our experimental results suggest that using a set of artiﬁcial images for training produces a comparable performance with accuracies similar to existing state-of-the-art methods,which uses actual images of individuals.The average classiﬁcation accuracy of each classiﬁer is between 94%and 95%,which is similar to existing proposed methods.

关键词： Facial recognition data collection facial images generative adversarial network. facial gender estimation

Graphene coatings for corrosion resistance of nick.l and copper in acidic,alk.line and neutral environments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第11期142卷 124-133页

作者： R.k.Singh raman Abhishek.k.mar Arya k.vin Tomy Faisal A Dip Evelyn Lai Saad Al-Saadi Department of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Monash UniversityVic 3800Australia Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering Monash UniversityVic 3800Australia

Graphene coatings have been reported to provide impressive corrosion resistance to nick.l(Ni)and copper(Cu),because of remark.ble characteristics of inertness and impermeablity of graphene.However,as the earlier investigations have generally been carried out in chloride environment,and it is important to understand the performance of graphene coating also in more aggressive environments such as acids and alk.li.This study investigated the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of bare and graphene-coated(by chemical vapour deposition(CVD))Ni and Cu in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4),0.1 M NaCl and 0.5 M NaOH solutions.Electrochemical tests and post corrosion characterisation revealed the improvement in the corrosion resistance of Ni due to multilayer graphene coating to be similar in the three solutions,i.e.,the robustness of the barrier property of the multilayer graphene is largely unaffected by the aggressiveness of the corrosive environment.However,the improvement in corrosion resistance of bare Ni due to multilayer graphene is considerably greater(nearly 3 orders of magnitude)in the most aggressive of the test solutions(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)).The improvement is considerably less in 0.5 M NaOH because bare Ni develops a robust passive layer in highly alk.line solutions.The improvement in corrosion resistance of bare Cu is limited(within an order of magnitude)in the three solutions because Cu develops only 1-2 layers of graphene.

关键词： CVD graphene coatings Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) Potentiodynamic polarization(PDP) raman spectroscopy

Multifunctional, Sustainable, and Biological Non-Ureolytic Self-Healing Systems for Cement-Based Materials

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Engineering 2022年第6期8卷 217-237页

作者： Mohammad Fahimizadeh Pooria Pasbak.sh Lee Sui Mae Joash Ban Lee Tan R.k.Singh raman School of Engineering Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway 47500Malaysia School of Science Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway 47500Malaysia Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway 47500Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering&Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia

Microbially induced calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))precipitation(MICP)has been investigated as a sustain-able alternative to conventional concrete remediation methods for improving the mechanical properties and durability of concrete structures.To date,urea-dependent MICP is the most widely employed MICP pathway in biological self-healing concrete research as its use has resulted in efficient CaCO_(3) precipita-tion rates.NH_(3) is a byproduct of ureolysis,and can be hazardous to cementitious structures and the health of various species.Accordingly,non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing systems have been developed as eco-friendly alternatives to urea-dependent self-healing systems.Non-ureolytic pathways can improve the physical properties of concrete samples and incorporate the use of waste materials;they have the potential to be cost-effective and sustainable.Moreover,they can be applied in terrestrial and marine environments.To date,research on non-ureolytic concrete self-healing systems has been scarce compared to that on ureolytic systems.This article discusses the advances and challenges in non-ureolytic bacterial concrete self-healing studies and highlights the directions for future research.

关键词： Self-healing concrete Mechanical properties Durability Non-ureolytic pathways Cement composite Sustainability