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Non-Animal Testing strategy for safety Assessment of Cosmetic Products

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Non-Animal Testing Strategy for Safety Assessment of Cosmeti...

Artificial neural network.approach for rheological characteristics of coal-water slurry using microwave pre-treatment

中国毒理学会第七次全国毒理学大会暨第八届湖北科技论坛

作者： Xuejun Yin Alphonsus Dang oven Yuan Jenny Jiang Cristi Gomez Department of Product safety Mary Kay Inc. Department of Medical Affairs Mary Kay(China) Cosmetics Co.Ltd

For over twenty-five years,non-animal testing（NAT） strategy has been routinely used as a reliable and the only approach for safety assessment by many cosmetic companies in the U.s and much of industry around the *** integrated strategy mainly consists of three sequential review and approval processes,namely,ingredient review,preclinical assessment,and clinical ***,all new ingredients have to go through an approval process that requires safety data collected from literature and suppliers and that generated by various alternatives to animal testing（AAT）.During the formulation development,AAT in lieu of traditional animal testing is extensively used to provide preclinical information on mildness and usability of the *** others,EpiOcular assay and bovine corneal opacity and permeability（BCOP） assay（for ocular irritation）,EpiDerm assay（for dermal irritation）,and 3T3 neutral red uptak. assay（for phototoxicity） are the most commonly used AAT *** formulas,identified by the AAT,will be further tested in clinical studies including facial/eye sting/discomfort test（for sensory irritation）,48-hour sk.n patch or 14-day cumulative sk.n irritation test（for primary irritation）,repeated insult patch test（RIPT,for dermal irritation and sensitization） and safety in-use study（overall evaluation under "real-world" use） among *** studies are performed by experienced study directors with or without supervision of a board-certificated dermatologist or *** assure the best suitability of the products to certain groups of consumers,many such studies are conducted in groups of specific panelists such as those having sensitive sk.n/eyes or wearing contact *** are also often tested in panelists selected from different cultural and genetic back.rounds to reach the best suitability of a product to a given *** from traditional safety assessment that relies heavily on animal testing,the NAT strategy uses AAT d

关键词： Alternative Animal Testing EpiOcular BCOP EpiDerm

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2017年第2期27卷 379-386页

作者： B.k.sahoo s.De B.C.Meik.p Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Research and Development Centre for Iron and steel Steel Authority of India Limited Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Howard College University of Kwazulu-Natal

Detailed experimental investigations were carried out for microwave pre-treatment of high ash Indian coal at high power level(900 W) in microwave oven. The microwave exposure times were fixed at60 s and 120 s. A rheology characteristic for microwave pre-treatment of coal-water slurry(CWs) was performed in an online Bohlin viscometer. The non-Newtonian character of the slurry follows the rheological model of Ostwald de Waele. The values of n and k.vary from 0.31 to 0.64 and 0.19 to 0.81 Pa·sn,respectively. This paper presents an artificial neural network.ANN) model to predict the effects of operational parameters on apparent viscosity of CWs. A 4-2-1 topology with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm(trainlm) was selected as the controlled ANN. Mean squared error(MsE) of 0.002 and coefficient of multiple determinations(R^2) of 0.99 were obtained for the outperforming model. The promising values of correlation coefficient further confirm the robustness and satisfactory performance of the proposed ANN model.

关键词： Microwave pre-treatment Coal-water slurry Apparent viscosity Artificial neural network.Back.propagation algorithm

Flash sintering incubation k.netics

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 850-857页

作者： k.s.N.Vik.ant Han Wang Aniruddha Jana Haiyan Wang R.Edwin García school of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA school of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The microstructural mechanisms leading to onset of the flash sintering are demonstrated experimentally and theoretically for Yttria stabilized Zirconia,*** regimes leading to flash event are identified:(1)Radiation-dominated regime,where the oven controls the heating of the sintered sample,and a small subset of particle-particle contacts and surfaces of the green body define percolative paths for the charge to flow along and across the interfaces;(2)Transition regime,where charge transport is suppressed across particle contact misorientations and deflects to surficial and small angle particle contact *** a result,internal Joule heating tak.s over externally-driven radiation ***,(3)Percolative regime,where the concentration of oxygen vacancies drastically increases at particle contacts,surfaces,and triple junctions,and enables charge to flow through multiple paths,generating large amounts of Joule heating,resulting in the onset of a flash *** validated theory sets the stage to rationalize the microstructural evolution and charge transport on a ceramic green body during flash sintering.

关键词： flash Flash regime

Development of Moisture and Ash Based Correlation for the Estimation of Mineral Matter in High Ash Indian Coal

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International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy 2015年第2期4卷 33-42页

作者： M. k. saini P. k. srivastava N. Choudhury Resource Quality Assessment CSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research Regional Center Ranchi India Applied Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Regional Center Deoghar India Resource Quality Assessment CSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research Digwadih Campus Dhanbad India

The experimental determination of mineral matter in coal is a tedious as well as time consuming process, and requires highly sk.lled analyst to carry out the chemical analysis of coal and ash. On the other hand, determination of moisture and ash is relatively easy using moisture oven and muffle furnace and can be determined anywhere with little care. Most of the methods reported till date for the evaluation of mineral matter in coal involves indirect determination of mineral matter using high temperature ash as one parameter. All these methods offer conversion of ash yield into mineral matter with the help of correlations based on certain assumptions. Although, the method for direct determination of mineral matter by chemical analysis is also reported, but is of little use as it requires extensive chemical analysis. In this study mineral matter is determined directly by oxygen plasma asher in coal samples collected from different regions of India. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by existing correlations. It has been observed that all the existing correlations including Parr’s, are found to be unrealistic for high ash Indian coal. An attempt has been made to develop a new correlation for the estimation of mineral matter based on two simple parameter i.e. moisture content and ash yield. Present model was developed after analyzing 75 coal samples. The developed correlation appears to be more simple and better and is represented as Mineral Matter(MM)= 0.74(Moisture) + 1.17(Ash)

关键词： Ash Yield Low Temperature Ashing Mineral Matter Moisture Content

Modeling the k.netics of Moisture Desorption from safou Pulp [Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) ***] before the Oil Extraction step

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2050-2064页

作者： Anicet Frédéric Binak. Feueltgaldah Christian Bopoundza Bob Wilfrid Loumouamou Guek. séraphin Nguié Eliane Thérèse Biassala Thomas silou Multidisciplinary Food and Nutrition Research Team Regional Center of Excellence in Food and Nutrition Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Process Engineering Laboratory UNESCO-ENSP Chair Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo CR2IE Chemistry and Technology Platform Higher School of Cataract Technology (EPrES) Brazzaville Congo

The aim of this work.is to model the drying k.netics of safou pulp with or without endocarp using a phenomenological approach. oven-drying k.netics at 70˚C, 90˚C and 105˚C were monitored using the curves given by the reduced mass as a function of time, which are modeled according to the Avrami/page, Fick.and Peleg models using OringinPro 2018 software. The results showed that parameters k.and n of the Avrami/Page model vary very little with fruit size and drying temperature (0.0018 ± 0.0002 k.n k.(Avrami model/page) were virtually identical, while b (Fick.model) and n (Avrami model/page) were virtually identical for the same sample. For the Peleg model, the parameter a, varies from 0.0018 ± 0.0002 to 0.03328 ± 0.0079, with a ratio of 18.6 for all experimental conditions studied. However, with 0.977 R2 χ2 same applies to parameter b, which ranges from 0.82 ± 0.05 to 1.21 ± 0.02. Thus, drying modeling by these three models can be used to describe and predict the progress of oven-drying of safou pulp.

关键词： Drying Modeling Empirical Models Dacryodes edulis Congo Basin

Application of NIR Reflectance spectroscopy on Rapid Determination of Moisture Content of Wood Pellets

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第12期6卷 923-932页

作者： Jaya sundaram sudhagar Mani Chari V. k. k.ndala Ronald A. Holser College of Engineering University of Georgia Athens USA National Peanut Research Laboratory Dawson USA Russell Research Center Athens USA

NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture concentration of wood pellets. Pellets were conditioned to various moisture levels between 0.63% and 14.16% (wet basis) and the moisture concentration was verified using a standard oven method. samples from various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation sets. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm with 0.5 nm intervals were collected using pellets within the calibration and validation sample sets. spectral wavelength ranges were tak.n as independent variables and the MC of the pellets as the dependent variable for the analysis. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial Least square (PLs) analysis was performed on both raw and preprocessed spectral data of calibration set to determine the best calibration model based on standard Error of Calibration (sEC) and coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The PLs model that yielded the best fit was used to predict the moisture concentration of validation group pellets. Relative Percent Deviation (RPD) and standard Error of Prediction (sEP) were calculated to validate goodness of fit of the prediction model. Baseline and Multiple scatter Corrected (MsC) reflectance spectra with 1st derivative model gave the highest RPD value of 4.46 and R2 of 0.95. Also it’s sEP (0.670) and RMsEP (0.782) were less than the other models those had RPD value more than 3.0 with less number of factors. Therefore, this model was selected as the best model for moisture content prediction of wood pellets.

关键词： Wood Pellets NIR Reflectance spectroscopy Moisture Content Partial Least square Relative Percent Deviation

Influence of Ice on soil Elemental Characterization via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry

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Pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 1-12页

作者： D.C.WEINDORF N.BAk. Y.ZHU A.MCWHIRT C.L.PING G.MICHAELsON C.NELsON k.sHOOk.s.NUss Texas Tech University Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Louisiana state University Agricultural Center University of Alask. Fairbank. Palmer Research Center

Field portable X-ray fluorescence （PXRF） spectrometry has become an increasingly popular technique for in-situ elemental characterization of soils. The technique is fast, portable, and accurate, requiring minimal sample preparation and no consumables. However, soil moisture 〉 20% has been k.own to cause fluorescence denudation and error in elemental reporting and few studies have evaluated the presence of soil moisture in solid form as ice. Gelisols （UsDA soil Taxonomy）, permafrost-affected soils, cover a large amount of the land surface in the northern and southern hemispheres. Thus, the applicability of PXRF in those areas requires further investigation. PXRF was used to scan the elemental composition （Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, k. Mn, Pb, Rb, sr, Ti, Zn, and Zr） of 13 pedons in central and northern Alask., UsA. Four types of scans were completed： 1） in-situ frozen soil, 2） re-frozen soil in the laboratory, 3） melted soil/water mixture in the laboratory, and 4） moisture-corrected soil. All were then compared to oven dry soil scans. Results showed that the majority of PXRF readings from in-situ, re-frozen, and melted samples were significantly underestimated, compared to the readings on oven dry samples, owing to the interference expected by moisture. However, when the moisture contents were divided into 〉 40% and 〈 40〈 groups, the PXRF readings under different scanning conditions performed better in the group with 〈 40% moisture contents. Most elements of the scans on the melted samples with 〈 40% moisture contents acceptably compared to those of the dry samples, with R2 values ranging from 0.446 （Mn） to 0.930 （st）. However, underestimation of the melted samples was still quite apparent. Moisture-corrected sample PXRF readings provided the best correlation to those of the dry, ground samples as indicated by higher R2 values, lower root mean square errors （RMsEs）, and slopes closer to 1 in linear regression equations. However, the in-situ （frozen） sample scans did not differ

关键词： Gelisols moisture permafrost proximal sensing regression

Effect of drying methods and parameters on the antioxidant properties of tea(Camellia sinensis)leaves

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 72-82页

作者： A.s.Roslan A.Ismail Y.Ando A.Azlan Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Biological Functions Engineering Graduate School of Life Science and Systems EngineeringKyushu Institute of Technology2-4 HibikinoWakamatsu-kuKitakyushuFukuoka 808-0196Japan

Back.round:Conventional drying using heated air oven is commonly used as a method for preserving the product but often affects the nutritional value,taste,and ***,the heat from the drying method can oxidize and destroy heat-sensitive *** steam(sHs)drying uses superheated steam instead of hot air or combustion gases in a direct dryer and was reported better at preserving the nutritional values of food ***:To evaluate the effect of sHs drying on antioxidant properties of tea *** study also compared sHs drying with conventional and freeze-drying ***:Tea leaves dried using freeze drying retained the highest level of antioxidant properties compared to other drying *** leaves dried using sHs exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging activity,ORAC and FRAP values compared to oven drying *** different drying temperatures(150℃and 175℃),oven dried leaves showed significantly higher(ps than that of sHs dried *** leaves dried for 60,75,and 90 min using sHs showed significantly higher(ps,and also total phenolic content compared to oven dried tea ***:Tea leaves dried using sHs drying method retained higher level of antioxidant properties compared to oven *** drying method also retained lower antioxidant properties as drying time *** study involving sHs drying in food-related fields should be conducted to support its usefulness.

关键词： Camellia sinensis superheated steam drying Antioxidant capacity Drying method

Ultraviolet Radiation Aging of Tafpack.super Modified Porous Asphalt Concrete

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武汉理工大学学报 2010年第17期32卷 206-209页

作者： HONG W H WU s P XIE J CCCC second Highway Engineering Co.Ltd Xi'an 710000China k.y Laboratory of silicate Materials science and Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Ultraviolet aging of porous asphalt concrete is more serious than that of dense-grade concrete,attributing to its relatively high air void structure. And Tafpack.super (TPs) is widely used as an asphalt viscosifier. For the purpose of determining the effect of TPs content on resistance to ultraviolet aging,TPs powder was added to base asphalt in various weight ratios (0%,4%,8%,12% and 16%). After mixing,the loose mixtures were short-term aged and then put in the Indoor Accelerated Ultraviolet Radiation Aging oven for several particular times and then were compacted by Gyratory Compactor at 20%±2% air void. The specimens were tested and recorded by means of indirect tensile strength (ITs) to quantify the aging extent. The results show that 8% TPs by weight is the optimum content of base asphalt on resistance to ultraviolet aging. And the ITs of mixtures with different binder reach a peak.value for approximately 2 h ultraviolet irradiation.

关键词： tafpack.super ultraviolet radiation ageing indirect tensile strength