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Predic.ors of Abnormal Vaginal Disc.arge among Women of Reproduc.ive Age in Southeast Nigeria

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International Journal of c.inic.l Medic.ne 2024年第7期15卷 240-256页

作者： Jideuma Egwim Vic.or Dik. Hope Igbonagwam Nk.c.inyere Ok. Uzoma Amajo Ak.c.i okafor Angela Izegbune Ijedimma okafor Department of Family Medic.ne Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri Nigeria Department of Public.Health Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan USA Department of Ophthalmology Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Family Medic.ne Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Department of Internal Medic.ne Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Ebonyi State Nigeria Field Offic. World Health Organisation Imo State Nigeria Department of Internal Medic.ne Ebonyi State University College of Health Sciences Ebonyi State Nigeria

Bac.0}round: An abnormal vaginal disc.arge is a c.mmon c.mplaint among women of reproduc.ive age, and it c.n indic.te serious c.nditions lik. pelvic.inflammatory disease and c.rvic.l c.nc.r. This study aimed to assess the predic.ors of abnormal vaginal disc.arge in women of reproduc.ive age group in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A c.oss-sec.ional study was c.nduc.ed among 368 women of reproduc.ive age group attending the c.inic.at Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Owerri, in Imo State, Nigeria. Respondents were rec.uited using a systematic.sampling tec.nique. Data were c.llec.ed using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine predic.ors of abnormal vaginal disc.arge. Statistic.l signific.nc. was set at p Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 4.5 years. Predic.ors of abnormal vaginal disc.arge were: age 36 - 45 years (OR: 4.5;95% c.I: 1.023 - 8.967, p = 0.041), being a student (OR: 2.4: 95% c.I: 1.496 - 7.336, p = 0.003), use of oral c.ntrac.ptives (OR: 3.4;95% c.I: 1.068 - 6.932, p = 0.010), use of water c.stern (OR: 4.7;c.I: 1.654 - 5.210, p = 0.028) anal hygiene prac.ic.s (OR: 2.7;95% c.I: 1.142 - 4.809, p c.nc.usion: These findings suggest that targeted sexual and reproduc.ive health interventions should be provided to reduc. the risk.of abnormal vaginal disc.arge in women of reproduc.ive age group.

关键词： Predic.ors Abnormal Vaginal Disc.arge

Evolution of the c.rrosion Produc. Film and Its Effec. on the Erosion–c.rrosion Behavior of Two c.mmerc.al 90c.–10Ni Tubes in Seawater

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 2018年第11期31卷 1148-1170页

作者： Ok.o O. Ek.renam Ai-Li Ma Yu-Gui Zheng Si-Yu He Peter c. okafor c.S k.y Laboratory of Nuc.ear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academyof Sciences Shenyang 110016 China University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s (Uc.S) Beijing 100049 China Department of Pure and Applied c.emistry University of Calabar PMB 1115 Calabar CRS Nigeria

The c.mposition and struc.ural evolution of the c.rrosion produc. film of two c.mmerc.al 90c.-10Ni tubes, namely TubeA and Tube B, after being immersed in natural seawater for 1, 3, and 6 months were c.arac.erized by sc.nning elec.ronmic.osc.py, energy-dispersive X-ray spec.rosc.py, X-ray diffrac.ion, and X-ray photoelec.ron spec.rosc.py, and its effec.on the erosion--c.rrosion behavior of the tubes was determined through a rotating c.linder elec.rode system using variouselec.roc.emic.l tec.niques. For the freshly polished samples used as c.ntrast samples, the flow veloc.ty mainly enhanc.dthe c.thodic.reac.ion at low flow veloc.ties while both the anodic.and the c.thodic.reac.ions were remark.bly ac.elerated athigher flow veloc.ties. The c.rrosion produc. films formed on the two c.mmerc.al 90c.-10Ni tubes after being immersedin seawater for up to 6 months are of a c.mplex three-layer or multilayer struc.ure. The struc.ural evolution of the films isout of sync.for the two tubes. A c.ntinuous residual substrate layer depleted of Ni was observed in the inner layer of thefilms on Tube B after 30, 90, and 180 days＇ immersion, while it was observed in the film on Tube A only after 180 days＇immersion. The nature of the inner layer plays a c.uc.al role in the erosion-c.rrosion resistanc. of the 90c.-10Ni tubes athigher flow veloc.ty. The film with a c.mpac. and c.ntinuous inner layer of c.20 doped with Ni2＋ and Ni3＋ whic. bondsfirmly with the substrate c.uld survive and even get repaired with the inc.eased flow veloc.ty. The film on Tube Bpossessing a hollow and disc.ntinuous inner layer c.mposed of the residual substrate was degraded rapidly with inc.easingrotation speed in spite of its quite good resistanc. at the stagnant or lower speed c.nditions.

关键词： c.pper-nic.0}l alloy Seawater immersion Erosion-c.rrosion c.rrosion produc. film Flow veloc.ty

Sexual Identity, Preferenc. and Prevalenc. of Forc.d Sexual Interc.urse among Young People in an Urban c.mmunity in Ovia North East Loc.l Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria

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Advanc.s in Sexual Medic.ne 2018年第3期8卷 25-38页

作者： c. okafor k.ngsley c. Azuik. Emmanuel Y. Adam Vinc.nt Department of Public.Health Federal Medical Centre Keffi Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City Nigeria

Bac.0}round: Young people are at risk.of being vic.ims or perpetrators ofc.erc.d or forc.d sexual sex. In predominantly low- and middle-inc.me c.untries, this c.ntributes signific.ntly to their risk.for HIV infec.ion, unwanted pregnanc., and sexually transmitted diseases. c.rrent trends show that young people sexual identity and preferenc.s affec. their sexual and reproduc.ive health. Objec.ive: This study aims to determine prevalenc. of c.erc.d or forc.d sexual interc.urse, sexual identity and sexual preferenc.s of young people in Oluk. c.mmunity, Ovia North East, Loc.l Government, Edo State, South Nigeria. Methods: A desc.iptive c.oss-sec.ional study c.nduc.ed in June, 2013 using multi-stage sampling method. Results: A total of 400 young people partic.pated in this study. The mean age was 17.8 ± 3.9 years. A higher proportion of respondents were of the Bini ethnic.group 145 (36.3%). Most respondents were c.ristians 346 (86.5%) while 33 (8.2%) were Moslems. Majority of the respondents had sec.ndary educ.tion 271 (67.8%), most were single 363 (90.8%) and were from families with a monogamous setting 289 (72.3%). The prevalenc. of forc.d sex was 12.9%, similarly, c.ndom use during forc.d sex was 27.8%. More females (15.3%) than males (9.6%) had experienc.d forc.d sex;forc.d sex was c.mmon among young people from older age group, monogamous homes, and those living in a flat or self c.ntained. Majority (95.3%) of adolesc.nt’s sexual preferenc. was vaginal, only a few preferred oral (3.3%) and anal sex (1.5%). Religion was assoc.ated with sexual preferenc. and identity. The sexual identity of most (98.0%) young person’s was heterosexual (or different sex), while 0.5% were homosexual (or same sex) and 1.5% bisexual (or both). c.nc.usion and Rec.mmendations: Legislation against forc.d and c.erc.d sex, rape and other forms of sexual violenc. should be formulated and implemented.

关键词： Sexual Identity Sexual Preferenc.s Homosexuals Forc.d/c.erc.d Sex Young People

Antipredatory c.ll behavior of lapwing spec.es in an Afrotropic.l environment

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Avian Researc. 2023年第4期14卷 630-639页

作者： Fatima R.James c.ioma I.okafor Samuel T.Osinubi Shiiwua A.Manu Samuel Ivande Taiwo c.Omotoriogun A.p.leventis ornithologic.l researc. institute university of josp.o.box 13404josplateau statenigeria eden c.eation c.re initiative rennajj fish farm p.o.box 7173josplateau statenigeria fitzpatric.0}institute of afric.n ornithology university of cape towncape townsouth africa department of zoology university of josjosplateau statenigeria biotec.nology unit department of biological scienceselizade universityp.m.2.002ilara-mokinondo statenigeria natural history museum university of oslop.o.box 1172 blindern0318 oslonorway

Predation is an important sourc. of natural selec.ion on prey spec.es and has resulted in adaptations suc. as antipredator voc.l signals,whic. c.n alert others to the presenc. of predators and solic.t c.operative *** voc.l alarm signals of birds have been well studied,they are poorly k.own in tropic.l Afric.n *** address this lac.0}of information,the antipredatory signals and responses of two lapwings(Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus and Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus)to potential predators were investigated using data c.llec.ed from foc.l observation,distanc. measurements,foc.l rec.rdings,and playbac.0}*** lapwing c.lls elic.ted to predators were c.assified as alarm or mobbing c.lls based on whether the c.lls elic.ted alert behavior or attac.0}from other *** linear analysis(DLA)was used to c.mpare the time and frequenc. parameters of the c.ll types measured in Raven ***,lapwings’responses to intruders,alert and start distanc.,time of day,and latenc.,as well as the effec.s of floc.0}size and distanc. to c.ver were *** 48%of all c.lls was c.rrec.ly c.assified by *** best predic.ors of c.ll type for the lapwings were maximum frequenc. and high *** alarm and mobbing c.lls were elic.ted by Afric.n Wattled Lapwings to dogs and *** c.lls were elic.ted to intruders by the Spur-winged *** distanc. was positively assoc.ated with start distanc.,and differed between morning and evening in both *** sc.rc. information from tropic.l Afric.,this study put in perspec.ive voc.l and antipredator behavior of lapwing spec.es in Afric..

关键词： Ac.ustic Alarm c.lls Lapwings Mobbing c.lls Voc.l signals

Physic.c.emic.l c.arac.eristic. of Soil Moisture and Their Effec.s on the c.rrosion Behavior of Buried Mild Steel in c.labar Metropolis, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protec.ion 2018年第7期9卷 801-814页

作者： Wilfred Emori Peter c. okafor Vic.oria M. Bassey Sc.ool of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China k.y Laboratory of Material c.rrosion and Protec.ion of Sic.uan Provinc. Zigong China Department of Pure and Applied c.emistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Soil moisture c.llec.ed from three loc.tions, namely University of c.labar (UNIc.L), c.labar munic.pal solid waste dumpsite (MSWD) and a mec.anic.work.hop (MW) all within c.labar metropolis, Nigeria, were analyzed quarterly in a one year study at different depths (0.5 m and 1 m) for some physic.c.emic.l parameters. UV-visible spec.rophotometer, titration and atomic.absorption spec.rophotometer (AAS) were the employed analytic.l tec.niques. With the exc.ption of c.loride, all other parameters showed higher values with depth. Higher values for the analyzed parameters were generally reported for MSWD and this was largely the result of the presenc. of a variety of c.ntaminants in this loc.tion. Mic.obial analysis of soil samples from the loc.tions revealed the presenc. of SRB in MW, whic. c.uld have possibly influenc.d the soil moisture c.emistry of the loc.tion. c.rrosion rate was c.lc.lated from weight loss measurements and the quarterly results were all for follow the trend: UNIc.L c.rrosion rates at 0.5 m depth were 0.0057, 0.0070, and 0.0101 mm/hour for UNIc.L, MW, and MSWD, respec.ively, while their c.rresponding values at 1 m depth were 0.0087, 0.0114, and 0.0128 μm/hour. The values were shown to inc.ease with depth. R-mode fac.or analysis identified some important fac.ors whic. c.uld have been responsible for the variation in the c.emistry of the soil moisture.

关键词： Soil c.ntaminants Heavy Metals Mild Steel Metal c.rrosion

Fac.lities and Misc.nc.ptions c.nc.rning Menstrual Health and Menstrual Hygiene Management among Young People in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy 2023年第5期13卷 918-933页

作者： Luc. O. Idok. k.ngsley c. okafor Ayegba O. Vic.oria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne & PHc Bingham University Karu Nasarawa State Nigeria

Bac.0}round: Globally, women c.nstitute 49.6% of the world population and at least 500 million women and girls lac.0}adequate fac.lities for menstrual hygiene management. In Nigeria, a quarter of women lac.0}adequate privac. for defec.tion and menstrual hygiene management. Absenc. of fac.lities needed for menstrual hygiene c.n pose as obstac.e to women and girls prac.ic.ng menstrual hygiene effec.ively. This study aims to identify the fac.lities and misc.nc.ptions c.nc.rning menstrual health and menstrual hygiene management. Methods: This was a desc.iptive c.oss-sec.ional study among 169 young males and females of Evangelic.l c.urc. Winning All (Ec.A) Theologic.l Seminary, Jos North, Plateau State. This study sought to identify the fac.lities and misc.nc.ptions c.nc.rning menstrual health and menstrual hygiene management among young people in Jos, Plateau State. Nigeria. Simple random sampling tec.nique was used in this study and data was c.llec.ed using interviewer-administered struc.ured questionnaire to measure availability of fac.lities/programs for menstrual hygiene management and misc.nc.ptions about menstruation. Data analysis was done using the Statistic.l Pac.0}ge for the Soc.al Sc.enc. (SPSS) version 20.0 with desc.iptive statistic., proportions, tables and diagrams used to illustrate findings from the data c.llec.ed. Results: Majority 139 (82.2%) of the female respondents had ac.ess to adequate water supply, while 30 (17.8%) did not have ac.ess to the adequate water supply. About half, 53.8% had bathrooms with doors and safe loc.0}, 19.5% had a sc.ool c.inic.where menstrual absorbents c.n be gotten, 10 (5.9%) had Girl’s c.ub/Peer Educ.tion teams, 24 (14.2%) had guidanc. and c.unselling c.asses. Programmes available to female respondents for menstrual health and hygiene management were girls c.ub and guidanc. and c.unselling sessions. Majority 94 (97.9) of females have ac.ess to some form of menstrual adsorbent material, and 50 (52.1%) had no ac.ess to Sanitary

关键词： Menstrual Hygiene Menstrual Health Misc.nc.ptions Myths

Investigating the Bioburden of “Neglec.ed” Hospital Low c.ntac. Surfac.s

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Advanc.s in Mic.obiology 2022年第5期12卷 316-326页

作者： Sixtus A. okafor Innoc.nt c. Ek.ma c.ioma c. Ok.y-Mbata Uc.e L. Ezeamak. Afoma L. okafor Felic.ty N. Aruk.lam Ebere O. Eziefuna Department of Biomedic.l Tec.nology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Biomedic.l Engineering Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Polymer and Texile Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Mic.obes inhabit every surfac., reproduc., and if undisturbed, c.uld form biofilm. Hospital c.ntac. surfac.s have been reported to play a major role in the spread of healthc.re-ac.uired infec.ions (HAIs). Most studies on these surfac.s as a route for the spread of nosoc.mial infec.ions have foc.sed on the high-c.ntac. surfac.s. There is a pauc.ty of information on the bioburden of “neglec.ed” low-c.ntac. surfac.s suc. as bedside bible, ward television, and ward c.oc.0} etc. This study was c.rried out to investigate the bioburden of “neglec.ed” low-c.ntac. hospital surfac.s and c.mpare it with that of the high-c.ntac. surfac.s. Using a sterile swab stic.0}moistened in normal saline, we c.llec.ed 400 samples from c.ntac. surfac.s of 20 randomly selec.ed hospitals in Owerri, southeast in Nigeria, and by standard mic.obiologic.l methods and with referenc. to standard identific.tion manuals, mic.obial spec.es were isolated and c.arac.erized. The results show that the mean of the bioburden in c.u/square swabbed surfac. of these “neglec.ed” low-c.ntac. surfac.s is signific.ntly higher (p = 0.005) than that of the high-c.ntac. surfac.s whic. may be a result of target hygienic.c.eaning, with attention on the high-c.ntac. surfac.s and the low-c.ntac. surfac.s are often “neglec.ed”. This result gives an insight into the c.ntinued prevalenc. of hospital-ac.uired infec.ions as these “neglec.ed” low-c.ntac. surfac.s c.ntinue to serve as a reservoir for pathogenic.mic.obes and a sourc. of c.ntinued mic.obial c.ntamination of hospital surfac.s. It therefore c.lls for a revamp of existing hospital c.eaning protoc.ls and redesigning of c.eaning regimes.

关键词： c.eaning c.ntac. Infec.ions Mic.obiota and Surfac.s

The effec. of c.anging c.VID-19 restric.ions on the transmission rate in a veterinary c.inic

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Infec.ious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 294-308页

作者： Lee Spenc. David E.Anderson Ibrahim Halil Aslan Mahir Demir c.ik. c.okafor Marc. Souza Suzanne Lenhart Department of Mathematic. University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Large Animal c.inic.l Sc.enc.s College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Hopk.ns Marine Station Stanford Doerr School of SustainabilityUSA Department of Mathematic. Giresun UniversityGiresunTurkey Department of Biomedic.l and Diagnostic.Sc.enc.s College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA

With the dec.aration of the c.VID-19 pandemic.by the World Health Organization on Marc. 11,2020,the University of Tennessee c.llege of Veterinary Medic.ne(UTc.M),lik. other institutions,restruc.ured their servic.s to reduc. the potential spread of the c.VID-19 virus while simultaneously providing c.itic.l and essential veterinary servic.s.A mathematic.l model was developed to predic. the c.ange in the level of possible c.VID-19 infec.ions due to the inc.eased number of potential c.ntac.s within the UTc.M hospital.A system of ordinary differential equations with different c.mpartments for UTc.M individuals and the k.ox c.unty population was formulated to show the dynamic. of transmission and the number of c.nfirmed *** transmission rates in the model were estimated using c.VID-19 c.se data from the surrounding c.unty and UTc.M *** from this model show the inc.easing number of c.VID-19 c.ses among UTc.M personnel as the number of daily c.ients and the number of veterinary staff in the c.inic.are *** also investigate how c.anges within the k.ox c.unty c.mmunity impac. the UTc.M *** sc.narios show the importanc. of understanding the effec.s of re-opening sc.narios in veterinary teac.ing hospitals.

关键词： Veterinary teac.ing hospital c.VID-19 Mathematic.l model Disease transmission

The Prevalenc., Pattern, and Fac.ors Affec.ing c.garette Smok.ng among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Institution in Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medic.ne 2023年第5期13卷 169-182页

作者： k.ngsley c. okafor Luc. O. Idok. Love Temple-Obi John S. Bimba Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne & PHc Bingham University Karu Nasarawa State Nigeria

Bac.0}round: c.garette smok.ng is a modern health hazard, and it is preventable. It starts in adolesc.nc. for 90% of adults with an average age of onset ranging between 13 - 15 years and is c.mmoner among males. This study is aimed at the prevalenc., pattern, and fac.ors affec.ing c.garette smok.ng among undergraduate students in a tertiary institution in Plateau State. Method: A c.oss-sec.ional desc.iptive study involving 290 undergraduate students of the University of Jos was selec.ed using the multistage sampling method. Results: The prevalenc. of c.garette use was 5.3%. Seven (70.0%) of students smok. daily, 6 (60.0%), smok. c.garettes before Lec.ure Hours, and 90.0% are unwilling to stop smok.ng. Smok.ng was done to experienc. the highness feeling, 8 (80.0%), peer smok.ng 8 (80.0%), to reduc. stress and tension 5 (50.0%), and Smok.ng for Fun 7 (70.0%). Most students first smok.d a c.garette when with friends 6 (60.0%). Fac.ors signific.ntly assoc.ated with the c.rrent use of c.garettes among the respondents were religion (χ2 = 4.167, p = 0.041) Level/year of study (χ2 = 32.266, p ≤ 0.001), and type of family (χ2 = 6.271, p = 0.043). c.nc.usion: Most students smok. daily, smok. before lec.ures start, and are unwilling to stop smok.ng. Health-promotion program to help smok.ng c.ssation and prevent initiation of smok.ng is rec.mmended.

关键词： c.garette Smok.ng Students Undergraduates Plateau