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Electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer-surface cytochromes

mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn E.Holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessica A.smith Florin Musat Derek.R.Lovley Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physical and Biological Science Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomolecular Sciences Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic microbial corrosion of iron-containing metals causes extensive economic *** microbes are capable of direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer(electrobiocorrosion),but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack.of tools for their genetic *** studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion,because,unlik. pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotically generate H_(2) as an intermediary electron ***,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarcina vacuolata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobacterium strain IM1)and acetogens(Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the electron donor,but only ***,***,and *** were capable of stainless steel *** electrobiocorrosive methanogens re-quired acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless *** of *** and *** demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during *** only was Meth-anobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion,but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metal-lireducens,an effective electron-donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe^(0).The finding that ***,***,and *** are capable of electrobiocorrosion,despite a lack.of the outer-surface c-type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes,demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for mak.ng electrical contact with Fe^(0).

关键词： acetogen corrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel

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内蒙古草原优势物种光合速率对极端干旱的响应

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 5-15页

作者： Yalong Shi Yuanbo Cao Honghui Wu Chong Xu Qiang Yu Xiaoan Zuo Xingguo Han Melinda D.smith Alan k.k.app Chengjie Wang Guodong Han State k.y Laboratory of Effcient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China k.y Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China China Rida Investment and Development Group Corp Ltd Beijing 100040China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Urat Desert-grassland Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China State k.y Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA College of Grassland Resource and EnvironmentalInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China

评估极端干旱对优势植物物种光合速率(Pn)的影响对于我们理解极端干旱影响生态系统功能的机制至关重要。极端干旱可能由降雨量减少或降雨频率减少造成。这两种不同模式的极端干旱可能造成不同的影响。此外,不同草原类型可能对这两种极... 详细信息

评估极端干旱对优势植物物种光合速率(Pn)的影响对于我们理解极端干旱影响生态系统功能的机制至关重要。极端干旱可能由降雨量减少或降雨频率减少造成。这两种不同模式的极端干旱可能造成不同的影响。此外,不同草原类型可能对这两种极端干旱模式表现出不同的敏感性。然而,目前尚不清楚这两种极端干旱模式对草原优势植物物种Pn的影响有何差异,以及在不同草原类型这两种不同模式的极端干旱的效应是否改变。为此,我们于2014年在内蒙古草原两个不同类型的草原(荒漠草原vs.典型草原)站点各进行了一项多年的极端干旱(CHR:将生长季期间每次降雨事件的降雨量减少66%***:完全排除生长季内一段较短时间的降水)模拟实验。于2017年的7月和8月,我们在这两个草原站点各测量了两种优势物种的Pn。结果发现,CHR和INT均显著降低了优势物种的Pn。无论草原类型如何,INT对Pn造成的负面影响都更大。在荒漠草原,极端干旱对Pn的负面影响普遍大于典型草原,尤其是对于CHR处理下的羊草(Leymus chinensis)。这些结果表明,与降雨量减少相比,降雨频率减少所引起的极端干旱对Pn的负面影响更大。草地类型可能会改变极端干旱模式效应的程度,但不会改变其方向。这些发现强调了应对未来极端干旱的草原生态系统管理应考虑极端干旱模式和草地类型的影响。

关键词：极端气候荒漠草原典型草原极端干旱模式季节性干旱

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Comparative efficacy and optimal duration of first-line antibiotic regimens for acute otitis media in children and adolescents:a systematic review and network.meta-analysis of 89 randomized clinicaltrials

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 219-229页

作者： Min Seo k.m Jae Han k.m Seohyun Ryu Seung Won Lee Dong k.on Yon Eunyoung k.m Ai k.yanagi Elena Dragioti Jae Il Shin Lee smith Samsung Advanced Institute forHealth Sciences&Technology(SAIHST) Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Yonsei University Collegeof Medicine SeoulRepublicof Korea Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea Center for Digital Health Medical Science Research InstituteKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Evidence-Based Research Laboratory Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical CareCollege of PharmacyChung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM/ISCIII Universitat de BarcelonaFundacio Sant Joan de Déu.Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23BarcelonaSpain Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping University58185 LinkopingSweden Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei-ro 50Seodaemun-gu8044Seoul 03722Republic of Korea Centre for Health Performanceand WellbeingAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge CB11PTUK Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients Families&Health ProfessionalsDepartment of NursingSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece

Introduction Antibiotic use for acute otitis media(AOM)is one of the major sources of antimicrobial ***,the effective minimal antibiotic duration for AOM remains ***,guidelines often recommend broad ranges(5-10 days)of antibiotic use,yet the clinical impact of such a wide window has not been *** We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library from database inception to 6 October *** meta-analysis was conducted on randomized controlled trials that assessed antibiotic treatment for AOM in children(PROSPERO CRD42020196107).Results For amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate,7-day regimens were noninferior to 10-day regimens in clinical responses[amoxicillin:risk.ratio(RR)0.919(95%CI 0.820-1.031),amoxicillin-clavulanate:RR 1.108(0.957-1.282)],except for≤2 *** the third-generation cephalosporins,7-day and 10-day regimens had similar clinical responses compared to placebo[7-day:RR 1.420(1.190-1.694),10-day:RR 1.238(1.125-1.362)compared to placebo].However,5-day regimens of amoxicillin-clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins were inferior to 10-day *** to amoxicillin,a shorter treatment duration was tolerable with *** Our findings indicated that 1O days of antibiotic use may be unnecessarily long,while the treatment duration should be longer than 5 ***,5-day regimens would be sufficient for a modest treatment *** findings revealed that the current wide range of recommended antibiotic durations may have influenced the clinical outcome of AOM,and a narrower antibiotic duration window should be re-established.

关键词： Amoxicillin-potassium Amoxicillin Antibacterial agents Cephalosporins Duration of therapy

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murphy-smith Chee H.Ng David Mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk.Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week.and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weak.y associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our k.owledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Evaluation of Ruminal Dry Matter Disappearance and pH of Dry Corn, High-Moisture Corn, and Rye under in Vitro Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 327-332页

作者： Warren Carl Rusche Zachary k.dd Foster smith South Dak.ta State University Brookings South Dakota USA

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of grain type on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and pH using ruminal fluid and a buffer reagent. Five beef cows were used for ruminal fluid collection and ruminal fluid was pooled prior to use. The cows used for ruminal fluid collection were maintained on a forage-based diet (60:40 forage to concentrate) for 28 d prior to ruminal fluid collection. Three grain types were evaluated: 1) dry corn (89% dry matter;DRC), 2) high-moisture corn (72% dry matter;HMC) and 3) rye (89% dry matter;RYE). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. A total of twenty-one replications of each grain type were used for statistical analysis (n = 63 tubes total). IVDMD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by 97.1% and 46.4% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Additionally, IVDMD was greater (P = 0.05) by 34.6% for HMC compared to DRC. Final pH was decreased (P ≤ 0.05) for RYE by 12.3% and 2.8% for RYE compared to DRC and HMC, respectively. Also, final pH was decreased (P = 0.05) by 9.8% for HMC compared to DRC. These data indicate that corn harvest method (dry vs. high-moisture) influences IVDMD and final pH and that rye has a greater disappearance of dry matter and lower final pH than corn under in vitro conditions.

关键词： Corn Grain Processing Ruminal Fermentation Rye

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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.smith LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIk.P.SCHARTNER HEIk. EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-smith Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speck.ed output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental *** properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the ***,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speck.e pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

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Resolving controversies surrounding carbon sink. from carbonate weathering

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2705-2717页

作者： Xiaoyong BAI Sirui ZHANG Pete smith Chaojun LI Lian XIONG Chaochao DU Yingying XUE Zilin LI Mingk.ng LONG Minghui LI Xiaoyun ZHANG Shu YANG Qing LUO Xiaoqian SHEN State k.y Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China

The importance of carbonate weathering carbon sink.(CCSs)is almost equal to that of vegetation photosynthesis in the global carbon ***,CCSs have become controversial in formulating carbon neutral policies to deal with global climate problems in various countries,since the carbonate dissolution is *** order to address these controversies,we reviewed recent advances in understanding CCSs and examined the outstanding controversies surrounding *** have analyzed the five controversies,revealing the existence of CCSs,quantifying their magnitude,clarifying their spatiotemporal pattern,and documenting how they have increased and how they evolved under the back.round of global *** addressing these five controversies,we help to bring clarity to the role of CCSs in the carbon cycle of global terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon sink Carbonate weathering Carbon cycle Climate change Anthropogenic driver

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喀麦隆初级汉语综合课教学设计 ——以喀麦隆Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.为例

喀麦隆初级汉语综合课教学设计 ——以喀麦隆Bilingual Grammar S...

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作者： AGBOR smith FOMBO 重庆交通大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要探讨了喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.”初级汉语综合课的教学设计与实践。通过对该校汉语学习情况的调查研究,以及对综合课教学设计的深入分析,评估和反思,为喀麦隆中学汉语教学提供理论依据和实践指导。本研究具有... 详细信息

本文主要探讨了喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.”初级汉语综合课的教学设计与实践。通过对该校汉语学习情况的调查研究,以及对综合课教学设计的深入分析,评估和反思,为喀麦隆中学汉语教学提供理论依据和实践指导。本研究具有重要的学术和实际意义,既丰富了国际汉语教育理论,又为汉语教师在非洲国家的教学实践提供了具体参考。在第二章中,研究对喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.”中学汉语学习情况进行了详尽调查。调查采用问卷、访谈等方法,收集了学生、教师和学校管理者的多维度数据。分析结果显示,该校学生对汉语学习具有较高兴趣,但在学习过程中也面临诸多挑战,如语言环境缺乏、学习资源不足和教学方法单一等问题。这些问题的存在,不仅制约了学生的汉语学习效果,也影响了汉语教学的进一步发展。第三章聚焦于“Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.”中学生综合课的教学设计。根据调查结果和教学实践经验,结合汉语国际教育的理论和方法,设计了一套适合喀麦隆中学生的汉语综合课教学方案。该方案从教学目标、课程设置、教学内容、教学方法和评价体系等方面进行了系统规划。教学目标明确,注重听、说、读、写四项技能的全面发展;课程设置合理,既有基础知识的传授,又有文化素养的培养;教学内容丰富,涵盖语言知识、文化知识和交际能力的培养;教学方法多样,采用任务型教学、情景教学等方法,提高学生的学习兴趣和参与度;评价体系完善,既有形成性评价,又有终结性评价,全面监测学生的学习效果。第四章对“Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.”初级中文综合课的教学设计进行了评估与反思。评估采用质性和量性相结合的方法,通过课堂观察、学生测试、教师访谈等途径,全面分析了教学设计的实施效果。评估结果表明,该教学设计在提高学生汉语水平和学习兴趣方面取得了一定成效,但也存在一些不足,如教学资源有限、师资力量不足、教学方法需要进一步改进等。基于评估结果,研究提出了一系列改进建议,如增加教学资源投入、加强教师培训、改进教学方法等,为后续的教学实践提供了有益参考。本研究通过对喀麦隆“Bilingual Grammar School Molyk.”初级汉语综合课教学设计的调查、分析和反思,不仅丰富了国际汉语教育理论,也为喀麦隆中学汉语教学实践提供了重要参考。研究结果显示,科学合理的教学设计对提高学生汉语学习效果具有重要作用,但同时也需要持续关注和解决实际教学中存在的问题,才能真正实现汉语教育的长远发展。本论文的研究方法具有一定创新性,通过综合运用问卷调查、访谈、课堂观察和教学评估等多种方法,获取了详实的数据,确保了研究结果的可靠性和科学性。研究不仅对喀麦隆汉语教学具有重要指导意义,也对其他非洲国家的汉语教育实践具有参考价值。希望本研究能够为喀麦隆及其他非洲国家的汉语教学提供有益借鉴,推动国际汉语教育事业的发展。

关键词：喀麦隆中学汉语教学教学设计你好喀麦隆

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Wild Nutrition’s Food-Grown® Magnesium Supplementation Increases Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration and Reduces Stress in a Healthy Adult Population: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 509-523页

作者： David Brisk.y Jane Erick.on Chelsie smith Amanda Rao School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia RDC Clinical Brisbane Australia

Back.round: Magnesium, an essential mineral crucial for various bodily functions, has been shown to positively influence sleep patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Food-Grown® magnesium in enhancing sleep quality and duration, as well as overall well-being. Methods: Eighty participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg of Food-Grown® magnesium or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) daily for 8 week.. Participants completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, quality of life, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, participants maintained daily sleep diaries and wore wrist-worn actigraphy devices. The primary outcome measured was the change in sleep quality and duration. Results: Seventy-one participants fulfilled all study requirements (35 in the active group and 36 in the placebo group). Magnesium supplementation significantly improved reported sleep quality, with the active group showing a 32% increase compared to 16% in the placebo group (p = 0.034). Moreover, magnesium supplementation led to a decrease in reported stress scores at week.8 compared to the placebo group (3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 3.1, respectively). Both the magnesium and placebo groups exhibited significant increases in reported sleep duration and reductions in time to fall asleep, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, sleep medication usage, and total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score at week.8 compared to baseline. Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation notably enhanced sleep quality and reduced stress levels compared to the placebo group. These findings highlight the potential of magnesium as a beneficial supplement for improving sleep quality and overall well-being.

关键词： Magnesium Sleep Quality Sleep Duration Stress Food-Grown

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Hybrid Scalable Researcher Recommendation System Using Azure Data Lak. Analytics

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第1期12卷 76-88页

作者： Dinesh k.lla Nathan smith Fnu Samaah k.ran Polimetla Department of Doctoral Studies Colorado Technical University Colorado Springs CO USA Department of Computer Science Harrisburg University of Science and Technology Harrisburg PA USA Adobe Technology Service (ATS) Department Adobe San Jose CA USA

This research paper has provided the methodology and design for implementing the hybrid author recommender system using Azure Data Lak. Analytics and Power BI. It offers a recommendation for the top 1000 Authors of computer science in different fields of study. The technique used in this paper is handling the inadequate Information for citation;it removes the problem of cold start, which is encountered by very many other recommender systems. In this paper, abstracts, the titles, and the Microsoft academic graphs have been used in coming up with the recommendation list for every document, which is used to combine the content-based approaches and the co-citations. Prioritization and the blending of every technique have been allowed by the tuning system parameters, allowing for the authority in results of recommendation versus the paper novelty. In the end, we do observe that there is a direct correlation between the similarity rank.ngs that have been produced by the system and the scores of the participant. The results coming from the associated scrips of analysis and the user survey have been made available through the recommendation system. Managers must gain the required expertise to fully utilize the benefits that come with business intelligence systems [1]. Data mining has become an important tool for managers that provides insights about their daily operations and leverage the information provided by decision support systems to improve customer relationships [2]. Additionally, managers require business intelligence systems that can rank.the output in the order of priority. Rank.ng algorithm can replace the traditional data mining algorithms that will be discussed in-depth in the literature review [3].

关键词： Azure Data Lak. U-SQL Author Recommendation System Power BI Microsoft Academic Big Data Word Embedding

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