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Enhancement of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of ZnO：Ag Nanopowders Through the Addition of Bamboo Charcoal： An Efficient Natural Adsorbent

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第12期30卷 1249-1256页

作者： k. Nithiyadevi k. ravichandran PG Research and Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi Thanjavur Tamil Nadu 613 503 India Department of Physics Bharathidasan University Constituent College (Women) Orathanadu Tamil Nadu 614 625 India

This research article explains the removal of methylene blue （MB） and malachite green （MG） from aqueous solution using adsorption/photodegradation activity of ZnO：Ag/bamboo charcoal （BC） nanocomposite. In addition, the antibacterial studies of the prepared samples were tested against Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） Gram-positive and Escherichia coli （E. coli） Gram-negative bacteria by the well diffusion method. The ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite exhibits superior photocatalytic activity compared with ZnO：Ag. Remark.ble degradation efficiencies of 93.95% （MB） and 95.75% （MG） were recorded for ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite after 45 min. The degradation process follows a pseudo-first-order k.netics. The rate constant of ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite is two times greater than that of pristine ZnO nanopowder for the degradation of MB dye, while for MG dye degradation, it is three times. It is found that the ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite shows a higher rate of dye removal due to excellent adsorbing properties of bamboo charcoal （BC）. The ZnO：Ag/BC nanocomposite showed better antibacterial properties compared to ZnO：Ag. In this study, the samples were prepared using a simple and low-cost soft chemical route and they were characterized by optical, structural, surface morphological, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. These characterization studies substantiate the discussions on the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of the synthesized samples.

关键词： Bamboo charcoal Adsorbent ZnO Photocatalysis Antibacterial

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Effect of Thick.ess of SnO_2:F over Layer on Certain Physical Properties of ZnO:Al Thin Films for Opto-electronic Applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第11期28卷 999-1003页

作者： P. Ravik.mar k. ravichandran B. Sak.hivel P.G and Research Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous)

Bilayered FTO/AZO （fluorine doped tin oxide/aluminium doped zinc oxide） films were fabricated using a simple, cost effective spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction （XRD） profiles of bilayered films showed that in the case of lower thick.ess FTO over layers, （002） plane of ZnO phase had the highest intensity, whereas the predominance was changed in favour of （200） plane of SnO2 phase for higher thick.ess FTO over layer. UV studies showed that bilayered FTO/AZO films exhibited a sharp absorption edge as that of AZO film. The decrease in the photoluminescence （PL） peak.at 420 nm with increasing FTO over layer thick.ess indicated a reduction in the zinc vacancies which caused a reduction in the sheet resistance （Rsh）. Electrical studies revealed that, eventhough the Rsh value （916Ω/□） of bilayered FTO （313 nm）/AZO （314 nm） film was found to be higher than that of FTO single layer film （72Ω/□）, it was much lower than that of AZO single layer film （5661Ω/□））. The atomic force microscopy （AFM） images reflect the characteristic features of both zinc oxide and tin oxide films.

关键词： ZnO thin films Sn02 Semiconductor materials Optical properties Electricalproperties Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

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Tuning the Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanopowders through the Simultaneous Doping of Mn and Ni for Biomedical Applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第11期31卷 1111-1117页

作者： k.k.rthik. k.ravichandran Post Graduate & Research Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College(Autonomous)

Undoped and Mn＋Ni doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized using a simple soft chemical route by varying the Ni doping level （1, 3, 5 and 7 at.%） and k.eping the Mn doping level （10 at.%） constant, X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the incorporated Ni^2＋ ions form a secondary phase of cubic NiO beyond the Ni doping level of 3 at.%, which is also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The band gap of the nanopowders increases （from 3.32 to 3.44 eV） up to 3 at.% of Ni doping and decreases with further doping. ZnO：Mn：Ni nanopowders with 3 at.% of Ni concentration exhibit good antibacterial efficiency. The variation in the size of the nanoparticles, as observed from the TEM images and hydroxyl radicals as evidenced from the photoluminescence results, clearly substantiate the discussion on the antibacterial efficiency of the synthesized nanopowders. Magnetic properties of the synthesized nanopowders were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer, and the results showed that the doping of Mn and Ni largely influences the magnetic properties of ZnO nanopowders.

关键词： ZnO Nanopowders Soft chemical route Magnetic properties Antibacterial activity

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Type Inversion and Certain Physical Properties of Spray Pyrolysed SnO_2:Al Films for Novel Transparent Electronics Applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第2期30卷 97-102页

作者： k.ravichandran k.Thirumurugan Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College(Autonomous)

Aluminium doped tin oxide films have been deposited onto glass substrates by using a simplified and low cost spray pyrolysis technique. The AI doping level varies between 0 and 30 at.% in the step of 5 at.%. The resistivity （p） is the minimum （0.38 Ω cm） for 20 at.% of AI doping. The possible mechanism behind the phenomenal zig-zag variation in resistivity with respect to AI doping is discussed in detail. The nature of conductivity changes from n-type to p-type when the AI doping level is 10 at.%. The results show that 20 at.% is the optimum doping level for good quality p-type SnO2：AI films suitable for transparent electronic devices.

关键词： Tin oxide films P-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO) Spray pyrolysis Transparent electronics Electrical properties Optical properties

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Effect of Morinda Tinctoria Leaves Extract on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acid Medium

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第3期26卷 321-327页

作者： k.k.ishnaveni J.ravichandran A.Selvaraj PG and Research Department of Chemistry Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and ScienceCoimbatore-641020 Tamilnadu India PG and Research Department of Chemistry CBM CollegeCoimbatore-641042 Tamilnadu India

The Morinda tinctoria (MT) plant leaves extract was prepared in aqueous and hydrochloric acid media and was used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. MT is found to be an efficient inhibitor at room temperature and the efficiency decreases with increase in temperature. Results from colorimetric studies predict the amount of iron present in the test solution and the percentage inhibition efficiency values calculated from this data fit well with the weight loss experiments. The AC impedance studies reveal that the mild steel surface is positively charged and the process of inhibition is through charge transfer. Polarisation studies indicate the mixed nature of the inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters obtained predict that the process of inhibition is a spontaneous one.

关键词： Acid solution Mild steel Colorimetry Electrochemical technique Corrosion

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Controlling the rate of degradation of Mg using magnesium fluoride and magnesium fluoride-magnesium phosphate duplex coatings

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第1期10卷 314-331页

作者： Mohan Sathyaraj P ravichandran k.Sank.ra Narayanan TSN Department of Analytical Chemistry University of MadrasChennai-600025India Department of Mechanical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)UNlST-gil 50Eonyang-eupUlju-gunUlsan689-798Republic of Korea

The thin and porous Fluoride Conversion Coating FCC with many crack. could not offer a significant improvement in corrosion resistance for Mg. Magnesium phosphate coating improves the corrosion resistance of Mg, good bioactivity, promotes cell viability and cyto-compatibility and exhibits antibacterial activity. However, rapid dissolution in Mg in acidic magnesium phosphate containing solutions leads to the development of an inhomogeneous coating. The present study attempts to prevent the excessive dissolution of Mg by forming a fluoride conversion coating as a pre-treatment in the first stage followed by deposition of magnesium phosphate coating in the second stage to develop magnesium fluoride-magnesium phosphate duplex coatings. The morphological features, structural characteristics, nature of functional groups, corrosion behavior in Hank.’ balanced salt solution and bioactivity in simulated body fluid are assessed to ascertain the suitability of the magnesium fluoride-magnesium phosphate duplex coating in controlling the rate of degradation of Mg and improving its bioactivity using uncoated Mg and fluoride conversion coated Mg as reference. The findings of the study reveal that the magnesium fluoride-magnesium phosphate duplex coating could offer an excellent corrosion resistance and improve the bioactivity of Mg.

关键词： Fluoride conversion coating Magnesium phosphate coating Duplex coating Corrosion resistance Bioactivity

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Tuning the Structural and Optical Properties of SILAR-Deposited Cu_2O Films Through Zn Doping

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第8期28卷 1041-1046页

作者： A.T.ravichandran k.Dhanabalan k.ravichandran R.Mohan k.k.rthik. A.Vasuhi B.Muralidharan Department of Physics National College (Autonomous) Department of Physics J. J. College of Arts and Science(Autonomous) Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College(Autonomous) Department of Physics H. H. The Rajah’s College(Autonomous) Department of Chemistry BITS–PILANI-Dubai Campus

Undoped and Zn-doped Cu2O films were deposited onto glass substrates using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction（SILAR） technique with different Zn doping levels（0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 wt%）. The structural,optical, and surface morphological studies were carried out and reported. The structural study revealed that the crystalline quality is gradually enhanced up to 5 wt% of Zn doping level, and then quality begins to degrade for further increase in doping level. Moreover, the preferential orientation changes from（111） to（110） for the highest doping level were examined. Optical study shows that the transmittance（65%） and optical band gap values are maximum（2.41 e V） when the Zn doping level is at 5 wt%. The photoluminescence study confirms the presence of various defects in the Cu2O matrix and also the variation obtained in the optical band gap from the transmittance data. SEM images revealed the annealinginduced changes in the surface morphology of the films.

关键词： Cu2O thin films Structural properties Zener pinning effect Optical properties SEM

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GIS-based potential assessment of floating photovoltaic systems in reservoirs of Tamil Nadu in India

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Clean Energy 2023年第3期7卷 671-689页

作者： Nagavinothini ravichandran Balamurugan Paneerselvam Nagananthini ravichandran Independent researcher(Structural Engineering) Tamil NaduIndia Center of Excellent of Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology University of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly

Floating photovoltaic systems(FPVs)are one of the emerging renewable-energy technologies suitable for implementation in land-scarce areas around the *** installation of FPVs in water bodies in highly populated countries such as India will improve renewable-energy production with added advantages in terms of efficiency,water savings and reduced carbon *** this context,the present study aims to identify suitable reservoirs for solar energy production using FPV technology in Tamil Nadu,India using geographic information system techniques.A total of 118 reservoirs located in the study area were *** results have shown that the implementation of FPV systems will significantly improve the production of renewable *** most suitable res-ervoirs with hydroelectric power plants for hybrid FPV implementation and their potential to reduce water evaporation and carbon emissions are *** results reveal that hybrid systems will generate 1542.53 GWh of power annually and also save 36.32×10^(6)m^(3)of water every *** results of this investigation will aid in fulfilling sustainable energy production in India,and the meth-odology presented may be useful for the analysis and prioritization of reservoirs for the implementation of FPV all over the world.

关键词： floating photovoltaic system evaporation carbon emission solar energy geographic information system

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Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morinda tinctoria on corrosion inhibition of aluminium surface in HCl medium

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第8期24卷 2704-2712页

作者： k. k.ISHNAVENI J. ravichandran Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science

The effect of Morinda tinctoria(MT) leaves extract on the corrosion inhibition of Al in acid medium was studied. The inhibition studies were carried out on Al in 0.5 mol/L HCl with the extract of leaves of MT using mass loss and electrochemical techniques. Parameters, such as concentration of the inhibitor, concentration of the acid, temperature and concentration of halide ions, were varied and optimized. Increase of the temperature and concentration of acid can decrease the performance of the inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters show that the physisorption of the inhibitor molecules on Al surface obeys Langmuir isotherm.

关键词： aluminium mass loss acid corrosion inhibition Morinda tinctoria

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Enhancing the Antibacterial Efficiency of ZnO Nanopowders Synthesized by Combustion Method Through Ag+Fe Co-doping

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第11期28卷 1407-1413页

作者： P.Sathish k.ravichandran B.Sak.hivel A.Panneerselvam Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics AVVM Sri Pushpam College(Autonomous) Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology AVVM Sri Pushpam College(Autonomous)

（Ag ＋ Fe）-doped ZnO nanopowders have been synthesized using combustion method. Ag doping level was k.pt as 2 at.%, and Fe doping level was varied from 3 to 6 at,%, and the structural, optical, surface morphological, and antibacterial properties have been investigated. The structural studies show that ZnO/（Ag 4-Fe） nanopowders have hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation along the （101） plane. The FE-SEM images indicate that there is a gradual decrease in the grain size with the increase in the doping level of Fe, and the TEM images are correlated well with FE-SEM images. The XPS profile clearly confirms the presence of expected elemental composition. Photolumi- nescence studies reveal the presence of extrinsic defects in the material. Antibacterial activity of Ag- and Fe-doped ZnO nanopowders against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio Cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was also investigated.

关键词： ZnO/Ag/Fe nanopowders Combustion route SEM TEM Antibacterial activities

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