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Home-based Detection and Prediction of Diabetic Foot Ulcers at Early Stage Using Sensor Technology and Supervised Learning

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2024年第1期31卷 26-37页

作者： k.masamudram Bhavya Sai Rishi raghu Sai Surya Varshith Nuk.la Jayashree Jayaraman Vijayashree Jayaraman School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

For years,foot ulcers link.d with diabetes mellitus and neuropathy have significantly impacted diabetic patients’ health-related quality of life(HRQoL). Diabetes foot ulcers impact15% of all diabetic patients at some point in their lives. The facilities and resources used for DFU detection and treatment are only available at hospitals and clinics,which results in the unavailability of feasible and timely detection at an early stage. This necessitates the development of an at-home DFU detection system that enables timely predictions and seamless communication with users,thereby preventing amputations due to neglect and severity. This paper proposes a feasible system consisting of three major modules:an IoT device that work. to sense foot nodes to send vibrations onto a foot sole,a machine learning model based on supervised learning which predicts the level of severity of the DFU using four different classification techniques including XGBoost,k.SVM,Random Forest,and Decision tree,and a mobile application that acts as an interface between the sensors and the patient. Based on the severity levels,necessary steps for prevention,treatment,and medications are recommended via the application.

关键词： diabetic foot ulcer podiatry diabetes mellitus healthcare footcare internet of things machine learning human⁃computer interaction

Recognition and Anticipation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Type Ⅱ Diabetic Patients using Multi-layered Fuzzy Model

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2024年第4期31卷 13-23页

作者： Sai Surya Varshith Nuk.la Jayashree Jayaraman Vijayashree Jayaraman Rishi raghu School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014Tamil NaduIndia

Diabetes mellitus is associated with foot ulcers,which frequently pave the way to lower-extremity ***,trauma,deformity,high plantar pressures,and peripheral vascular disease are the most common underlying *** 15%of diabetic patients are affected by diabetic foot ulcer in their lifetime.64 million people are affected by diabetics in India and 40000 amputations are done every *** ulcers are evaluated and classified in a systematic and thorough manner to assist in determining the best course of *** paper proposes a novel model which predicts the threat of diabetic foot ulcer using independent agents for various input values and a combination of fuzzy expert *** proposed model uses a classification system to distinguish between each fuzzy framework.and its *** on the severity levels necessary prevention,treatment,and medication are *** the results of all the fuzzy framework. derived from its constituent parameters,a risk.specific medication is *** work.also has higher accuracy when compared to other related models.

关键词： diabetic ulcer typeⅡdiabetic fuzzy model

Energy Efficient Hyperparameter Tuned Deep Neural Network.to Improve Accuracy of Near-Threshold Processor

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 471-489页

作者： k.Chanthirasek.ran raghu Gundaala Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105TamilnaduIndia

When it comes to decreasing margins and increasing energy effi-ciency in near-threshold and sub-threshold processors,timing error resilience may be viewed as a potentially lucrative alternative to *** the other hand,the currently employed approaches have certain restrictions,including high levels of design complexity,severe time constraints on error consolidation and propagation,and uncontaminated architectural registers(ARs).The design of near-threshold circuits,often k.own as NT circuits,is becoming the approach of choice for the construction of energy-efficient digital *** a result of the exponentially decreased driving current,there was a reduction in performance,which was one of the *** studies have advised the use of NT techniques to chip multiprocessors as a means to preserve outstanding energy efficiency while minimising performance *** the past several years,there has been a clear growth in interest in the development of artificial intelligence hardware with low energy consumption(AI).This has resulted in both large corporations and start-ups producing items that compete on the basis of varying degrees of performance and energy *** technology’s ultimate goal was to provide levels of efficiency and performance that could not be achieved with graphics processing units or general-purpose *** achieve this objective,the technology was created to integrate several processing units into a single *** accomplish this purpose,the hardware was designed with a number of unique *** this study,an Energy Effi-cient Hyperparameter Tuned Deep Neural Network.EEHPT-DNN)model for Variation-Tolerant Near-Threshold Processor was *** order to improve the energy efficiency of artificial intelligence(AI),the EEHPT-DNN model employs several AI *** notion focuses mostly on the repercussions of embedded technologies positioned at the network.s *** presented model employs a deep stack.d sparse autoencod

关键词： Deep learning hyperparameter tuning artificial intelligence near-threshold processor embedded system

Gastric digestion of pea ferritin and modulation of its iron bioavailability by ascorbic and phytic acids in caco-2 cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2083-2088页

作者： Satyanarayana Bejjani raghu Pullak.andam Ravinder Punjal k.Madhavan Nair Micronutrient Research Group National Institute of Nutrition Indian Council of Medical ResearchJamai OsmaniaHyderabad 500007India

AIM： To understand the digestive stability and mechanism of release and intestinal uptak. of pea ferritin iron in caco-2 cell line model.METHODS： Pea seed ferritin was purified using salt fractionation followed by gel filtration *** bioavailability of ferritin iron was assessed using coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid and phytic ***-2 cell ferritin formation was used as a surrogate mark.r of iron uptak.. Structural changes of pea ferritin under simulated gastric pH were characterized using electrophoresis, gel filtration and circular dichroism spectroscopy.RESULTS： The caco-2 cell ferritin formation was significantly increased （P 〈 0.001） with FeSO4 （19.3±9.8 ng/mg protein） and pea ferritin （13.9 ± 6.19 ng/mg protein） compared to the blank.digest （3.7 ± 1.8 ng/mg protein）. Ascorbic acid enhanced while phytic acid decreased the pea ferritin iron bioavailability. However,either in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid, the ferritin content of caco-2 cells was significantly less with pea ferritin than with FeSO4. At gastric pH, no band corresponding to ferritin was observed in the presence of pepsin either on native PAGE or SDS-PAGE. Gel filtration chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a pH dependent loss of quaternary and secondary structure.CONCLUSION： Under gastric conditions, the iron core of pea ferritin is released into the digestive medium due to acid induced structural alterations and dissociation of protein. The released iron interacts with dietary factors leading to modulation of pea ferritin iron bioavailability,resembling the typical characteristics of non-heme iron.

关键词： Pea ferritin Bioavailability Caco-2 cells Phytic acid Ascorbic acid

Development of functionally graded aluminium composites using centrifugal casting and influence of reinforcements on mechanical and wear properties

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第4期26卷 905-916页

作者： N.RADHIk. R.raghu Department of Mechanical Engineering Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatore-641 112India

Functionally graded Al/B_4C, Al/Si C, Al/Al_2O_3 and Al/TiB_2 composites with constant 12%(mass fraction) of reinforcement were fabricated by centrifugal casting and hollow cylindrical components were obtained. Microstructural characteristics were investigated at outer surface of all composites and segregation of reinforcement particles was observed. Graded property of the composites with different reinforcements was investigated through hardness and tensile measurements. Results revealed that the outer peripheries of all composites exhibit higher hardness except in Al/B_4C composite and the outer zones of all composites show higher tensile strength. Abrasive wear test was conducted on the outer peripheries of all composites and Al/TiB_2 composite exhibits less wear rate.

关键词： functionally graded composite centrifugal casting mechanical properties abrasive wear

On the contribution of boundaries towards strength in oxygen free high conductivity copper subjected to repetitive upsetting–extrusion

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第6期26卷 621-629页

作者： k.Sahithya I.Balasundar Vajinder Singh P.Ghosal T.raghu Near Net Shape Group Aeronautical Materials Division Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Kanchanbagh Post Electron Microscopy Group Material Science Division Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Kanchanbagh Post

Oxygen free high conductivity(OFHC) copper was subjected to 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cycles of repetitive upsetting and extrusion(RUE) process at room temperature. Microstructure and microhardness in the RUE processed material were evaluated at specific locations and correlated with the equivalent plastic strain. The microhardness of the material was found to be independent of strain or number of RUE cycles at certain locations whereas it exhibited strain softening behaviour at certain locations even though significant grain refinement was achieved. This difference in behaviour is attributed to the varied strength contribution from different types of boundaries present in the material after deformation.

关键词： Severe plastic deformation OFHC Copper RUE EBSD

Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel Fuel in Constant Volume Chamber using Multi-response Optimization Technique

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第6期25卷 581-588页

作者： P.raghu N.Nallusamy Sri Venk.teswara College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering SSN College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering

This study discusses about the optimization of spray characteristics of biodiesel fuel in a spray *** factors namely,fuel injection pressure,fuel temperature and fuel blends were chosen as the influencing factor for the set *** levels were chosen in each factor and spray tip penetration,spray cone angle and Sauter mean diameter(SMD) were tak.n as the response *** were designed by employing design of experiments method and Taguchi full factorial array was used to conduct the tests with different levels of the chosen *** Response Signal to Noise ratio(MRSN) was calculated for the response variables and the optimum combination level of factors was obtained simultaneously using Taguchi's parametric *** experiments were conducted for the obtained optimum combination level of factors and the results were compared with the normal operating conditions and significant improvement were observed in the response variables.

关键词： spray penetration factorial weighting chosen conduct chamber parametric normalized blends

Enhancement of current density using effective membranes electrode assemblies for water electrolyser system

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第1期25卷 77-84页

作者： Swaminathan Seetharaman Subash Chandrabose raghu k.mbiz Ansari Mahabadi Institute of Materials Research & Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) 3 Research Link Singapore 117 602 Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Block N1 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639 798 Singapore

The goal of this study was to develop and design a composite proton exchange membrane（PEM） and membrane electrode assembly（MEA） that are suitable for the PEM based water electrolysis system. In particular,it focuses on the development of sulphonated polyether ether k.tone（SPEEk. based membranes and caesium salt of silico-tungstic acid（Cs Si WA） matrix compared with one of the transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide（TiO2）, silicon dioxide（SiO2） and zirconium dioxide（ZrO2）. The resultant membranes have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ion exchange capacity（IEC）, water uptak. and atomic force microscopy. Comparative studies on the performance of MEAs were also conducted utilizing impregnation-reduction and conventional brush coating methods. The PEM electrolysis performance of SPEEk.Cs Si WA-ZrO2 composite membrane was more superior than that of other membranes involved in this study. Electrochemical characterization shows that a maximum current density of 1.4 A/cm^2 was achieved at 60 °C, explained by an increased concentration of protonic sites available at the interface.

关键词： Composite membrane Membrane electrode assembly Impregnation reduction method Brush coating method Electrolysis

Cerium(Ⅳ) ammonium nitrate catalysed facile and efficient synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives through Hantzsch multicomponent condensation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第7期19卷 775-779页

作者： Cherk.pally Sanjeeva Reddy Mek.la raghu Department of Chemistry Kakatiya UniversityWarangal 506009India

A general and convenient practical approach for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives has been achieved via one-pot four-component Hantzsch condensation of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of cerium（IV） ammonium nitrate （CAN）, in ethanol solvent at ambient temperature. Simple work.up, mild reaction conditions, inexpensive and non-toxic catalyst, and excellent product yields are the advantageous features of this method.

关键词： Aldehydes Dimedone Ethyl acetoacetate Ammonium acetate CAN Polyhydroquinolines