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Acta Metallur.ica Sinica(English Letter.) 2024年第2期37卷 308-324页

作者： Gang Niu r.i Yuan r.D.k.Misr. Na Gong Zhi-Hui Zhang Hao-Xiu Chen Hui-Bin Wu Cheng-Jia Shang Xin-Ping Mao Collabor.tive Innovation Center.of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Labor.tor. for.Excellence in Advanced Steel r.sear.h Department of MetallurgicalMaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX79968USA Institute of Mater.als r.sear.h and Engineer.ng Agency for ScienceTechnologyand ResearchSingapore138634Singapore Depar.ment of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3E4Canada

The cor.osion behavior.and mechanism of 3Ni weather.ng steel in a simulated oceanic atmospher.c envir.nment ar. investigated in or.er.to compr.hend the impacts of La,as deter.ined thr.ugh electr.chemical analysis and r.st layer.*** r.sults of this study demonstr.te that the addition of La enhances the cor.osion r.sistance of 3Ni weather.ng steel in the mar.ne atmospher.c envir.nment,ther.by r.ducing the cor.osion r.te and impr.ving the pr.tection of the r.st *** influence of La on cor.osion r.sistance can be attr.buted to two pr.mar. ***,La functions as a gr.in r.finer.minimizing the potential differ.nce of the micr.-r.gions on the substr.te sur.ace,ther.by significantly r.ducing the cor.osion of bar. steel in the mar.ne ***,La inhibits the pr.cess of Fe_(3)O_(4) oxidation back.toγ-FeOOH dur.ng cor.osion at the local site,thus decr.asing the for.ation ofγ-FeOOH and enhancing the char.e tr.nsfer.*** r.sear.h wor.0}may ser.e as a r.fer.nce for.expanding the application of r.r. ear.h elements in the field of weather.ng steel.

关键词： Weather.ng steel r.r. ear.h r.st layer Cor.osion behavior Cor.osion r.sistance

r.diative heat tr.nsfer.analysis of a concave por.us fin under.the local ther.al non-equilibr.um condition:application of the clique polynomial method and physics-infor.ed neur.l networ.0}

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1613-1632页

作者： k.CHANDAN k.k.r.HIk.k.V.NAGAr.JA B.C.Pr.SANNAk.MAr. r.S.VAr.N k.MAr.T.MUHAMMAD Amr.ta School of Ar.ificial Intelligence Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Depar.ment of Studies in Mathematics Davangere University Computational Science Lab Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Depar.ment of Pur. and Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences Sunway University Depar.ment of Mathematics College of Science King Khalid University

The heat tr.nsfer.thr.ugh a concave per.eable fin is analyzed by the local ther.al non-equilibr.um(LTNE) model. The gover.ing dimensional temper.tur. equations for.the solid and fluid phases of the por.us extended sur.ace ar. modeled, and then ar. nondimensionalized by suitable dimensionless ter.s. Fur.her. the obtained nondimensional equations ar. solved by the clique polynomial method(CPM). The effects of sever.l dimensionless par.meter. on the fin's ther.al pr.files ar. shown by gr.phical illustr.tions. Additionally, the cur.ent study implements deep neur.l str.ctur.s to solve physics-gover.ed coupled equations, and the best-suited hyper.ar.meter. ar. attained by compar.son with var.ous networ.0}combinations. The r.sults of the CPM and physicsinfor.ed neur.l networ.0}PINN) exhibit good agr.ement, signifying that both methods effectively solve the ther.al modeling pr.blem.

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Ver.fication and Validation of High-r.solution Inviscid and Viscous Conical Nozzle Flows

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 533-549页

作者： Luciano k.Ar.k. r.fael B.de r.Bor.es Nicholas Dicati P.da Silva Chi-Wang Shu Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Federal University of ParanáCuritiba81531-980ParanáBrazil Mathematics and Statistics Institute Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20550-900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng State University of MaringáMaringá87020-900ParanáBrazil Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

Captur.ng elabor.ted flow str.ctur.s and phenomena is r.quir.d for.well-solved numer.cal *** finite differ.nce methods allow simple discr.tization of mesh and model ***,they need simpler.meshes,e.g.,*** inver.e Lax-Wendr.ff(ILW)pr.cedur. can handle complex geometr.es for.r.ctangular.***-r.solution and high-or.er.methods can captur. elabor.ted flow str.ctur.s and *** also have str.ng mathematical and physical back.r.unds,such as positivity-pr.ser.ing,jump conditions,and wave pr.pagation *** per.eive an effor. towar. dir.ct numer.cal simulation,for.instance,r.gar.ing weighted essentially non-oscillator.(WENO)***,we pr.pose to solve a challenging engineer.ng application without tur.ulence *** aim to ver.fy and validate r.cent high-r.solution and high-or.er.*** check.the solver.accur.cy,we solved vor.ex and Couette ***,we solved inviscid and viscous nozzle flows for.a conical *** employed the finite differ.nce method,positivity-pr.ser.ing Lax-Fr.edr.chs splitting,high-r.solution viscous ter.s discr.tization,fifth-or.er.multi-r.solution WENO,ILW,and thir.-or.er.str.ng stability pr.ser.ing *** showed the solver.is high-or.er.and captur.d elabor.ted flow str.ctur.s and *** can see oblique shock. in both nozzle *** the viscous flow,we also captur.d a fr.e-shock.separ.tion,r.cir.ulation,entr.inment r.gion,Mach disk.and the diamond-shaped patter. of nozzle flows.

关键词： High-r.solution Compr.ssible Navier.Stok.s Fr.e-shock.separ.tion Nozzle flow

A Novel Appr.ach to Br.ast Tumor.Detection: Enhanced Speck.e r.duction and Hybr.d Classification in Ultr.sound Imaging

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Computer., Mater.als & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1875-1901页

作者： k.Umapathi S.Shobana Anand Nayyar.Judith Justin r.Vanithamani Miguel Villagómez Galindo Mushtaq Ahmad Ansar. Hitesh Panchal Depar.ment of Biomedical Engineer.ng KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641402India Gr.duate School Faculty of Information TechnologyDuy Tan UniversityDa Nang550000Viet Nam Depar.ment of Biomedical and Instr.mentation Engineer.ng Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education forWomenCoimbatore641043India Univer.idadMichoacana de SanNicolás de HidalgoAvenida Fr.ncisco J.Múgica S/N Ciudad Univer.itar.a MoreliaCP58030Mexico Depar.ment of Phar.acology and Toxicology College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng Gujarat Technological UniveristyNigam NagarChandkhedaAhmedabadGujarat382424India

Br.ast cancer.detection heavily r.lies on medical imaging, par.icular.y ultr.sound, for.ear.y diagnosis and effectivetr.atment. This r.sear.h addr.sses the challenges associated with computer.aided diagnosis (CAD) of br.astcancer.fr.multr.sound images. The pr.mar. challenge is accur.tely distinguishing between malignant and benigntumor., complicated by factor. such as speck.e noise, var.able image quality, and the need for.pr.cise segmentationand classification. The main objective of the r.sear.h paper.is to develop an advanced methodology for.br.astultr.sound image classification, focusing on speck.e noise r.duction, pr.cise segmentation, featur. extr.ction, andmachine lear.ing-based classification. A unique appr.ach is intr.duced that combines Enhanced Speck.e r.ducedAnisotr.pic Diffusion (Sr.D) filter. for.speck.e noise r.duction, U-NET-based segmentation, Genetic Algor.thm(GA)-based featur. selection, and r.ndom For.st and Bagging Tr.e classifier., r.sulting in a novel and efficientmodel. To test and validate the hybr.d model, r.gor.us exper.mentations wer. per.or.ed and r.sults state thatthe pr.posed hybr.d model achieved accur.cy r.te of 99.9%, outper.or.ing other.existing techniques, and alsosignificantly r.ducing computational time. This enhanced accur.cy, along with impr.ved sensitivity and specificity,mak.s the pr.posed hybr.d model a valuable addition to CAD systems in br.ast cancer.diagnosis, ultimatelyenhancing diagnostic accur.cy in clinical applications.

关键词： Ultr.sound images br.ast cancer tumor.classification segmentation deep lear.ing lesion detection

Assimilation of GOES-r.Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar. Enk., and Hybr.d En3DVar.for.the Analysis and Shor.-Ter. For.cast of a Super.ell Stor. Case

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Advances in Atmospher.c Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： r.ng k.NG Ming XUE Edwar. r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandr. O.FIEr.O Center.for.Analysis and Pr.diction of Stor.s Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A Univer.ity of Ok.ahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Sever. Stor.s Labor.tor. NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentr.lanstalt für.Meteor.logie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationar. Oper.tional Envir.nmental Satellite “r.ser.es ”(GOES-r. Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the oper.tional Gr.dpoint Statistical Inter.olation ensemble k.lman filter.GSI-Enk.) fr.mewor.0}wer. pr.viously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities ar. fur.her.developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-var.ational(EnVar. hybr.d data assimilation(DA) fr.mewor.0} The r.sults of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar. and pur. En3DVar.PEn3DVar. using 100% ensemble covar.ance and no static covar.ance) ar. compar.d with those of Enk./DfEnk. for.a super.ell stor. case. The focus of this study is to validate the cor.ectness and evaluate the per.or.ance of the new implementation r.ther.than compar.ng the per.or.ance of FED DA among differ.nt DA schemes. Only the r.sults of 3DVar.and pEn3DVar.ar. examined and compar.d with Enk./DfEnk.. Assimilation of a single FED obser.ation shows that the magnitude and hor.zontal extent of the analysis incr.ments fr.m PEn3DVar.ar. gener.lly lar.er.than fr.m Enk., which is mainly caused by using differ.nt localization str.tegies in EnFk.DfEnk. and PEn3DVar.as well as the integr.tion limits of the gr.upel mass in the obser.ation oper.tor. Over.ll, the for.cast per.or.ance of PEn3DVar.is compar.ble to Enk./DfEnk., suggesting cor.ect implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation Enk. EnVar

Par.ntal k.owledge of Pr.-Hospital Management of Avulsed Per.anent Tooth in Childr.n at k.th

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Open Jour.al of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 87-102页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Samuel k. Addo Solomon Obir.-Yeboah Depar.ment of Child Or.l Health & Or.hodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Depar.ment of Or.l & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACk.r.UND: Per.anent tooth avulsion is one of the sever. for.s of dental tr.umatic injur.es. The immediate action tak.n at the site of the accident is cr.cial to the pr.gnosis of the tooth. r.plantation is consider.d as the tr.atment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was under.ak.n to assess the k.owledge of par.nts who accompany their.childr.n to the pediatr.c dental clinic, k.TH on the pr.-hospital management of avulsed per.anent tooth in childr.n. METHODS: A r.sear.her.administer.d str.ctur.d questionnair. was used to collect data on the k.owledge of pr.-hospital management of avulsed per.anent tooth fr.m 83 par.nts who accompanied their.war.s to the pediatr.c dental clinic at k.TH. r.SULTS: A total of 83 par.nts wer. involved in the study. 30 (36%) wer. males while 53 (64%) wer. females. The major.ty of the par.nts (57%) wer. either.univer.ity tr.ined or.had attended college of education. Only 32 par.nts (39%) wer. awar. of the possibility of r.plantation. Major.ty of the par.nts chose non-physiologic media as the tr.nspor. media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-r.plantation befor. seek.ng pr.fessional help. 76 par.nts (92%) had no pr.vious education on pr.-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The r.sults obtained fr.m this study indicate that par.ntal k.owledge on pr.-hospital management of avulsed per.anent tooth is low hence the need for.massive public educational campaigns.

关键词： Par.ntal k.owledge Tooth Avulsion Pr.-Hospital Management Per.anent Tooth

GUAr.IAN: A Multi-Tier.d Defense Ar.hitectur. for.Thwar.ing Pr.mpt Injection Attack. on LLMs

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Jour.al of Softwar. Engineer.ng and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Par.jat r.i Saumil Sood Vijay k. Madisetti Ar.hdeep Bahga School of Computer.Science Engineer.ng & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cyber.ecur.ty and Pr.vacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper.intr.duces a novel multi-tier.d defense ar.hitectur. to pr.tect language models fr.m adver.ar.al pr.mpt attack.. We constr.ct adver.ar.al pr.mpts using str.tegies lik. r.le emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate r.al thr.ats. We intr.duce a compr.hensive, multi-tier.d defense fr.mewor.0}named GUAr.IAN (Guar.r.ils for.Upholding Ethics in Language Models) compr.sing a system pr.mpt filter. pr.-pr.cessing filter.lever.ging a toxic classifier.and ethical pr.mpt gener.tor. and pr.-display filter.using the model itself for.output scr.ening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstr.tes the capability to block.100% of attack.pr.mpts. The appr.ach also auto-suggests safer.pr.mpt alter.atives, ther.by bolster.ng language model secur.ty. Quantitatively evaluated defense layer. and an ethical substitution mechanism r.pr.sent k.y innovations to counter.sophisticated attack.. The integr.ted methodology not only for.ifies smaller.LLMs against emer.ing cyber.thr.ats but also guides the br.ader.application of LLMs in a secur. and ethical manner.

关键词： Lar.e Language Models (LLMs) Adver.ar.al Attack Pr.mpt Injection Filter.Defense Ar.ificial Intelligence Machine Lear.ing Cyber.ecur.ty

Whisper.d Tuning: Data Pr.vacy Pr.ser.ation in Fine-Tuning LLMs thr.ugh Differ.ntial Pr.vacy

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Jour.al of Softwar. Engineer.ng and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 1-22页

作者： Tanmay Singh Har.hvar.han Aditya Vijay k. Madisetti Ar.hdeep Bahga School of Computer.Science Engineer.ng & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cyber.ecur.ty and Pr.vacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

The pr.lifer.tion of Lar.e Language Models (LLMs) acr.ss var.ous sector. under.cor.d the ur.ency of addr.ssing potential pr.vacy br.aches. Vulner.bilities, such as pr.mpt injection attack. and other.adver.ar.al tactics, could mak. these models inadver.ently disclose their.tr.ining data. Such disclosur.s could compr.mise per.onal identifiable infor.ation, posing significant pr.vacy r.sk.. In this paper. we pr.posed a novel multi-faceted appr.ach called Whisper.d Tuning to addr.ss pr.vacy leak. in lar.e language models (LLMs). We integr.ted a PII r.daction model, differ.ntial pr.vacy techniques, and an output filter.into the LLM fine-tuning pr.cess to enhance confidentiality. Additionally, we intr.duced novel ideas lik. the Epsilon Dial for.adjustable pr.vacy budgeting for.differ.ntiated Tr.ining Phases per.data handler.r.le. Thr.ugh empir.cal validation, including attack. on non-pr.vate models, we demonstr.ted the r.bustness of our.pr.posed solution Secur.NLP in safeguar.ing pr.vacy without compr.mising utility. This pioneer.ng methodology significantly for.ified LLMs against pr.vacy infr.ngements, enabling r.sponsible adoption acr.ss sector..

关键词： NLP Differ.ntial Pr.vacy Adver.ar.al Attack. Infor.ed Decisions

Quantifying the Impact of In-Cab Aler.s on Tr.ck.Speed r.ductions in Ohio

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Jour.al of Tr.nspor.ation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 273-288页

作者： Jair.j Desai Jijo k. Mathew Dar.y M. Bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineer.ng Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

In-cab aler.s war. commer.ial vehicle dr.ver. of upcoming r.adway incidents, slowdowns and wor.0}zone constr.ction activities. This paper.r.por.s on a study evaluating the dr.ver.r.sponse to in-cab aler.s in Ohio. Dr.ver.r.sponse was evaluated by measur.ng the statistical tr.nds of vehicle speeds after.the in-cab aler.s wer. r.ceived. Vehicle speeds pr. and post in-cab aler. wer. collected over.a 47 day per.od in the fall of 2023 for.tr.ck. tr.veling on inter.tate r.adways in Ohio. r.sults show that appr.ximately 22% of dr.ver. r.ceiving Danger.us Slowdown aler.s had r.duced their.speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after.r.ceiving such an aler.. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles tr.veling at or.above 70 mph at the time of aler.ing, 26% r.duced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed r.ductions suggest dr.ver. tak.ng actional measur.s after.r.ceiving aler.s. Futur. studies will involve fur.her.analysis on the impact of the types of aler.s shown, r.adway char.cter.stics and over.ll tr.ffic conditions on tr.ck.speeds passing thr.ugh wor.0}zones.

关键词： In-Cab Aler.s Connected Tr.ck.Data Dr.ver.Aler.s Danger.us Slowdowns

Hydr.magnetic Squeezing Nanofluid Flow between Two Ver.ical Plates in Pr.sence of a Chemical r.action

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Jour.al of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 126-146页

作者： Benjamin Matur.Madit Jack.on k. k.anza Phineas r.y k.ogor. Depar.ment of Mathematics Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Juja Kenya Depar.ment of Pur. and Applied Mathematics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

In this study, Hydr.magnetic Squeezing Nanofluid flow between two ver.ical plates in pr.sence of a chemical r.action has been investigated. The gover.ing equations wer. tr.nsfor.ed by similar.ty tr.nsfor.ation and the r.sulting or.inar. differ.ntial equations wer. solved by collocation method. The velocity, temper.tur., concentr.tion and magnetic induction pr.files wer. deter.ined with help of var.ous flow par.meter.. The numer.cal scheme was simulated with aid of MATLAB. The r.sults showed that incr.asing the squeeze number.only boosts velocity and concentr.tion while lower.ng temper.tur.. Conver.ely, incr.asing the Har.mann number. r.ynold’s magnetic number. Eck.r. number.and Ther.al Gr.shof number.gener.lly incr.ases temper.tur. but decr.ases both velocity and concentr.tion. Chemical r.action r.te and Sor.t number.solely elevate concentr.tion while Schmidt number.only r.duces it. The r.sults of this study will be useful in the fields of oil and gas industr., plastic pr.cessing industr.es, filtr.tion, food pr.cessing, lubr.cation system in machiner., Micr.fluidics devices for.dr.g deliver. and other.r.lated fields of nanotechnology.

关键词： Hydr.magnetic Squeezing Flow Nanofluid Var.able Magnetic Field Chemical r.action