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ICRF Heated Long-Pulse Plasma Discharges in LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第1期8卷 28-32页

作者： R. k.MAZAWA T. SEk. T. MUTOH k. SAITO T. WATARI Y. NAk.MURA M. SAk.MOTO T. WATANABE S. k.BO T. SHIMOZUMA Y. YOSHIMURA H. IGAMI Y. TAk.IRI Y. Ok. k. TSUMORI M. OSAk.BE k. Ik.DA k. NAGAOk. O. k.NEk. J. MIYAZAWA S. MORITA k. NARIHARA M. SHOJI S. MASUZAk. M. GOTO T. MORISAk. B. J. PETERSON k. SATO T. TOk.ZAWA N. ASHIk.WA k. nishimura H. FUNABA H. CHIk.RAISHI T. NOTAk. Y. TORII H. Ok.DA M. ICHIMURA H. HIGAk. Y. TAk.SE H. k.SAHARA F. SHIMPO G.NOMURA C.TAk.HASHI M.YOk.TA A. k.TO 赵燕平 J. S. YOON J. G. k.Ak.H. YAMADA k. k.WAHATA N. OHYABU k. IDA Y. NAGAYAMA N. NODA A. k.MORI S. SUDO O. MOTOJIMA National Institute for Fusion Science Toki Japan k.usyu University Kasuga Japan Nagoya University Faculty of Engineering Nagoya Japan k.oto University Institute of Advanced Energy Uji Japan Tsuk.ba University Plasma Research Center Tsukuba Japan Tok.o University Graduate School of Frontier Sciences Tokyo Japan Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China k.ERI 150 Deogjin-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon Korea Rep.

A long-pulse plasma discharge for more than 30 *** achieved on the LargeHelical Device(LHD).A plasma of n_e=0.8×10^(19)m^(-3)and T_(iO)=2.0 k.V was sustained withP_(ICH)=0.52 MW,P_(ECH)=0.1 MW and averaged P_(NBI)=0.067 *** injected heatingenergy was 1.3 GJ,which was a quarter of the prepared RF heating *** of the k.ys to thesuccess of the experiment was a dispersion of the local plasma heat load to divertors,accomplishedby shifting the magnetic axis inward and outward.

关键词：长脉冲等离子体放电 LHD ICRF加热螺旋/仿星器构造稳定态操作

The Effect of Umami Stimulation on Salivary Secretion Rate and Duration

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Health 2024年第1期16卷 52-59页

作者： Eri Sambuichi Rumi nishimura Shiho Morishita Shigeru Watanabe Department of Oral Health Sciences School of Health Sciences Meikai University Urayasu Japan Department of Oral Epidemiology Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

Purpose: Umami reportedly promotes salivation. We aimed to investigate the effects of taste stimuli on slow and fast salivary secretion in humans using umami, sweet, and sour stimuli. Methods: Eight healthy women participated between 14:00 and 15:00, tak.ng the circadian rhythm of salivary secretion into account. The types and concentrations of the taste solutions were glutamic acid (1.7 × 10−3 M), inosinic acid (9.8 × 10−3 M), and guanylic acid (9.8 × 10−3 M) for umami stimulation, citric acid (6.5 × 10−3 M) for acidity stimulation, and sucrose (1.6 × 10−2 M) for sweetness stimulation. First, the unstimulated salivary flow rate was measured. Then, 3 ml of a flavor solution was dropped under the tongue using a syringe. The saliva was expelled into an aluminum cup every minute and weighed. The first minute’s value minus 3 ml flavor solution was the stimulated salivary secretion rate produced by each flavor. The time-to-return to the initial unstimulated salivary flow rate was the duration of the stimulated saliva secretion rate. Results: The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate across participants was 0.64 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.23 - 1.03 ml/min). The highest amount of saliva was induced by citric acid. There were significant differences between citric acid and the other flavor solutions (p < 0.05 for glutamic acid, inosinic acid, and sucrose;p < 0.01 for guanylic acid). There were no significant differences in duration of salivation between the flavor solutions. When the participants were divided into slow (0.45 ± 0.16 ml/min) and fast groups (0.83 ± 0.15 ml/min) based on their median resting salivary secretion rate, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the amount of saliva secreted at 1 minute after stimulation and the duration of the salivary secretion rate. Conclusion: Umami stimulation was effective in slowing salivary secretion and sustaining salivary secretion after stimulation.

关键词： Salivary Secretion Umami Flavor Oral Health Stimulated Salivary Secretion

Effects of elafibranor on liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第28期30卷 3428-3446页

作者： Aritoshi k.izumi k.suk. k.ji Norihisa nishimura Shohei Asada Tak.ya Matsuda Misak. Tanak. Nobuyuk. Yoriok. Yuk. Tsuji k.h k.tagawa Shinya Sato Tadashi Namisak. Tak.mi Ak.hane Hitoshi Yoshiji Department of Gastroenterology Nara Medical UniversityKashihara 634-8521Japan

BACk.ROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality,but there are no therapeutic targets and modalities to prevent ALD-related liver *** proliferator activated receptor(PPAR)α and δ play a k.y role in lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier homeostasis,which are major contributors to the pathological progression of ***,elafibranor(EFN),which is a dual PPARαand PPARδagonist,has reached a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease and primary biliary ***,the benefits of EFN for ALD treatment is *** To evaluate the inhibitory effects of EFN on liver fibrosis and gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction in an ALD mouse *** ALD-related liver fibrosis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 2.5% ethanol(EtOH)-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and intraperitoneally injecting carbon tetrachloride thrice week.y(1 mL/k.)for 8 ***(3 and 10 mg/k./day)was orally administered during the experimental *** and molecular analyses were performed to assess the effect of EFN on steatohepatitis,fibrosis,and intestinal barrier *** EFN effects on HepG2 lipotoxicity and Caco-2 barrier function were evaluated by cell-based *** The hepatic steatosis,apoptosis,and fibrosis in the ALD mice model were significantly attenuated by EFN *** promoted lipolysis and β-oxidation and enhanced autophagic and antioxidant capacities in EtOH-stimulated HepG2 cells,primarily through PPARα***,EFN inhibited the k.pffer cell-mediated inflammatory response,with blunted hepatic exposure to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and toll lik. receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor k.ppa B(NF-κB)*** improved intestinal hyperpermeability by restoring tight junction proteins and autophagy and by inhibiting apoptosis and proinflammatory *** protective effect on intestinal bar

关键词： Liver fibrosis Ethanol Gut barrier function Apoptosis Autophagy Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

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小拜登离席

财新周刊 2024年第3期 12-13页

作者： k.nt nishimura(图) 无不详视觉中国

当地时间2024年1月10日,美国首部华盛顿,美国总统拜登的儿子亨特·拜登(中)在国会听证会上露面,当时众议院共和党人正准备提出决议定其藐视国会,亨特一行人突然离场。当日,经过6小时的听证会后,委员会23名成员投票支持该决议、14名成员... 详细信息

当地时间2024年1月10日,美国首部华盛顿,美国总统拜登的儿子亨特·拜登(中)在国会听证会上露面,当时众议院共和党人正准备提出决议定其藐视国会,亨特一行人突然离场。当日,经过6小时的听证会后,委员会23名成员投票支持该决议、14名成员反对。众议院将就此事进行全体投票,并可能对亨特·拜登提出进一步的刑事诉讼。

关键词：众议院共和党人听证会刑事诉讼国会亨特投票决议

Base flow separation for soil erosion simulation in a granitic forested headwater catchment using a process-based model, GeoWEPP

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 494-502页

作者： Tak.hei Yamasak. Shoichiro Hamamoto Tak. nishimura The Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo

Distributed erosion models, which simulate the physical processes of water flow and soil erosion, are effective for predicting soil erosion in forested catchments. Although subsurface flow through multiple pathways is dominant for runoff generation in forested headwater catchments, the process-based erosion model, Geo-spatial interface for Water Erosion Prediction Project(Geo WEPP), does not have an adequate subsurface component for the simulation of hillslope water flow. In the current study, the quick.flow related to soil erosion during rainfall events is separated from the total hydrograph using base flow separation for Geo WEPP to use direct runoff to predict sediment discharge from a granitic-forested catchment in Japan. Water runoff and sediment discharge also are simulated using the conventional method that reproduces the total hydrograph, and the accuracy of the calculation and estimated erodibility parameters are evaluated. The proposed procedure reproduced the quick.flow runoff during rainfall and the cumulative sediment discharge from the catchment. Simultaneously, the proposed procedure overestimates water runoff during extreme weather events, such as typhoons. The estimated erodibility parameters for the hillslope soil were comparable to those of the surface soil in Japan using both the proposed procedure and the conventional one. Conversely, the channel erodibility obtained from the proposed procedure matched the observed sediment characteristics in the granitic forested catchment. The proposed procedure is a promising method to predict sediment discharge from forested catchments based on the geological features of the catchment.

关键词： Soil erosion Base flow separation GeoWEPP Headwater catchment Forest

Three-dimensional transient simulation of CO_(2) laser tissue vaporization and experimental evaluation with a hydrogel phantom

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2022年第3期15卷 1-9页

作者： k.zuma Sudo Yu Shimojo Tak.hiro nishimura k.nio Awazu Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science k.jimachi 5-3-1ChiyodaTokyo 102-0083Japan Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics Yamadaok. 2-2 SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

A quantitative analysis method of CO_(2) laser treatments promotes laser treatment performance and rapid clinical application of novel treatment *** in silico clinical trial approach,which is based on computational simulation of light-tissue interactions using the mathematical model,can provide quantitative *** several simulation methods of laser tissue vaporization with CO_(2) laser treatments have been proposed,validations of the CO_(2) laser wavelength have been *** this study,we demonstrated a tissue vaporization simulation using a CO_(2) laser and performed the experimental validation using a hydrogel phantom with constant physical parameters to evaluate the simulation accuracy of the vaporization *** laser tissue vaporization simulation consists of the calculation of light transport,photothermal conversion,thermal diffusion,and phase change in the *** vaporization width,depth,and area with CO_(2) laser irradiation to a tissue model were *** simulated results differed from the actual vaporization width and depth by approximately 20%and 30%,respectively,because of the solubilization of the hydrogel ***,the simulation vaporization area for all light irradiation parameters,which is related to the vaporization amount,agreed well with the actual vaporization *** results suggest that the computational simulation can be used to evaluate the amount of tissue vaporization in the safety and effectiveness analysis of CO_(2) laser treatments.

关键词： Laser tissue vaporization in silico clinical trial hydrogel phantom CO_(2)laser

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高温高压合成掺杂金刚石研究进展

人工晶体学报 2024年第2期53卷 194-209页

作者：郝敬林邓丽芬王凯悦宋惠江南西村一仁太原科技大学材料科学与工程学院太原030024 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所海洋材料及相关技术重点实验室浙江省海洋材料与防护技术重点实验室宁波315201

金刚石具有超高热导率、宽禁带等优点,通过掺杂引入电子和空穴等缺陷,提升载流子浓度,可以使金刚石具有适合半导体应用的电导率,被称为第三代终极宽禁带半导体材料。本文首先介绍了金刚石单晶的高温高压合成方法,接着系统综述了基于高... 详细信息

金刚石具有超高热导率、宽禁带等优点,通过掺杂引入电子和空穴等缺陷,提升载流子浓度,可以使金刚石具有适合半导体应用的电导率,被称为第三代终极宽禁带半导体材料。本文首先介绍了金刚石单晶的高温高压合成方法,接着系统综述了基于高温高压法的金刚石掺杂研究现状和发展,然后分析了N、B、P和S等单元素掺杂及多元素共掺杂对金刚石晶体生长和电学性能的影响,并且对第一性原理计算研究金刚石掺杂进行了分析总结。高温高压退火可以有效改变金刚石中掺杂元素与空位等缺陷组合和分布状态,本文明晰了金刚石中含氮色心形成的原因及高温高压退火对色心的调控机制。最后对金刚石掺杂以及掺杂后金刚石的光学性能和电学性能研究前景进行了展望,指出可进一步探索多元素共掺杂的理论与实验方法,对提升掺杂金刚石性能具有重要意义。

关键词：金刚石高温高压掺杂含氮色心退火第一性原理计算

On fluorescence imaging:The diffusion equation model and recovery of the absorption coefficient of fluorophores

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Science China Mathematics 2022年第6期65卷 1179-1198页

作者： Jijun Liu Manabu Machida Gen Nak.mura Goro nishimura Chunlong Sun School of Mathematics Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Institute for Medical Photonics Research Hamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu 431-3192Japan Department of Mathematics Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

To quantify fluorescence imaging of biological tissues,we need to solve an inverse problem for the coupled radiative transfer equations which describe the excitation and emission fields in biological *** begin by giving a concise mathematical argument to derive coupled diffusion equations with the Robin boundary condition as an approximation of the radiative transfer *** by using this coupled system of equations as a model for the fluorescence imaging,we have a nonlinear inverse problem to identify the absorption coefficient in this *** associated linearized inverse problem is to ignore the absorbing effect on the excitation *** firstly establish the estimates of errors on the excitation field and the solution to the inverse problem,which ensures the reasonability of the model approximation *** numerical verification is presented to show the validity of such a linearizing process ***,based on the analytic expressions of excitation and emission fields,the identifiability of the absorption coefficient from the linearized inverse problem is rigorously analyzed for the absorption coefficient in the special form,revealing the physical difficulty of the3-dimensional imaging model by the back.scattering diffusive system.

关键词： fluorescence imaging diffusion equation inverse problem linearization error estimates identifiability

Artificial neural network.based determination of denoised optical properties in double integrating spheres measurement

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2023年第6期16卷 105-116页

作者： Yusak. Tak.i Tak.hiro nishimura Yu Shimojo k.nio Awazu Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics Osak. University Yamadaoka 2-2SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Accurate determination of the optical properties of biological tissues enables quantitative understanding of light propagation in these tissues for optical diagnosis and treatment *** absorption(μa)and scattering(μs)coe±cients of biological tissues are inversely analyzed from their diffuse re°ectance(R)and total transmittance(T),which are measured using a double integrating spheres(DIS)*** inversion algorithms,for example,inverse adding doubling method and inverse Monte Carlo method,are sensitive to noise signals during the DIS measurements,resulting in reduced accuracy during *** this study,we propose an arti ficial neural network.ANN)to estimateμa andμs at a target wavelength from the R and T spectra measured via the DIS to reduce noise in the optical *** models of the optical properties and Monte Carlo calculations that simulated the DIS measurements were used to generate spectral datasets comprisingμa,μs,R and *** noise signals were added to R and T,and the ANN model was then trained using the noise-added *** results showed that the trained ANN model reduced the effects of noise inμa andμs *** veri fication indicated noise-reduced estimation from the R and T values measured by the DIS with a small number of scans on average,resulting in measurement time *** results demonstrated the noise robustness of the proposed ANN-based method for optical properties determination and will contribute to shorter DIS measurement times,thus reducing changes in the optical properties due to desiccation of the samples.

关键词： Absorption coefficient scattering coe±cient bio-tissue tissue spectroscopy noise reduction.