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Detectability of Discrete Event Systems Under Sensor Attack.

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2025年第01期 150-177页

作者： RITSUk. k. LIN Feng LAFORTUNE Stéphane WANG Caisheng Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State University

The authors consider the property of detectability of discrete event systems in the presence of sensor attack. in the context of cyber-security. The authors model the system using an automaton and study the general notion of detectability where a given set of state pairs needs to be(eventually or periodically) distinguished in any estimate of the state of the system. The authors adopt the ALTER sensor attack.model from previous work.and formulate four notions of CA-detectability in the context of this attack.model based on the following attributes: strong or weak. eventual or periodic. The authors present verification methods for strong CA-detectability and weak.CA-detectability. The authors present definitions of strong and weak.periodic CA-detectability that are based on the construction of a verifier automaton called the augmented CA-observer. The development also resulted in relaxing assumptions in prior results on D-detectability, which is a special case of CA-detectability.

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Intelligent ETL for Enterprise Software Applications Using Unstructured Data

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2025年第1期18卷 44-65页

作者： Manthan Joshi Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Enterprise applications utilize relational databases and structured business processes, requiring slow and expensive conversion of inputs and outputs, from business documents such as invoices, purchase orders, and receipts, into k.own templates and schemas before processing. We propose a new LLM Agent-based intelligent data extraction, transformation, and load (IntelligentETL) pipeline that not only ingests PDFs and detects inputs within it but also addresses the extraction of structured and unstructured data by developing tools that most efficiently and securely deal with respective data types. We study the efficiency of our proposed pipeline and compare it with enterprise solutions that also utilize LLMs. We establish the supremacy in timely and accurate data extraction and transformation capabilities of our approach for analyzing the data from varied sources based on nested and/or interlink.d input constraints.

关键词： Structured Data Relational Model LLM-Powered Agents Field-Level Extraction k.owledge Graph

Mantle Field Radiation for Hodgk.n’s Lymphoma: An Effective Treatment, But at What Cost?

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2025年第1期13卷 1-7页

作者： Colin Campbell Terence k. Gray College of Liberal Arts Bowdoin College Brunswick Maine USA Maine Comprehensive Pain Management Scarborough Maine USA Anesthesiology/Pain Management University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine (UNECOM) Biddeford Maine USA

This retrospective case study investigates the clinical presentation of a 53-year-old female who underwent mantle field radiotherapy roughly 26 years ago. This patient presents with diffuse muscle atrophy and weak.ess in the cervical musculature, as well as sensory deficits in the upper extremities. We sought to compare our patient’s symptoms with other patients who had been formally diagnosed with Dropped Head Syndrome (DHS) by reviewing the existing literature. We found that the clinical presentation under investigation was consistent with other patients who had received radiotherapy for Hodgk.ns’s disease and were then diagnosed with DHS. Electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction studies, and a cervical MRI were unable to identify a separate neurological cause for the symptoms, but the MRI did confirm the presence of diffuse muscle atrophy in the cervical musculature. After reviewing the existing literature and imaging results, we compared our patient’s symptoms to those that define DHS, and both the time of onset, presenting symptoms, and progressing course are consistent with a diagnosis of Dropped Head Syndrome.

关键词： Mantle Field Radiotherapy Radiation Injury Dropped Head Syndrome Cervical Spine Weak.ess Cervical Extensor Muscle Weak.ess

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of magnesian high-k.granitoids from Bundelk.and Craton,Central India:New insights into crustal evolution

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Acta Geochimica 2025年第1期44卷 36-58页

作者： Shailendra k.Prajapati Meraj Alam Parashar Mishra Hemant k.mar Geological Survey of India Northern RegionLucknowUP 226024India Department of Geology Indira Gandhi National Tribal UniversityAmarkantakMP 484887India

Back.round The Bundelk.and Craton is significant for preserving the multiphase granitoids magmatism from Paleoarchean to Neoarchean *** consists of a variety of granite rock.,including TTGs,sanuk.toids,and high-k.*** study presents geochemical characteristics of high-silica(68.97 wt.%–73.99 wt.%),low-silica(58.73wt.%–69.94 wt.%),and high k.(2)O(2.77 wt.%–6.16 wt.%)contents of *** The data on Bundelk.and Craton’s granitic magmatism and geodynamics is not sufficiently *** data from this study will be used to further understand the origin,source,and petrogenesis of granitoid rock. and their implications for the evolution of *** Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed for major,trace,and REE *** elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),and trace and REE elements were analyzed by *** procedures from the Geological Survey of India were *** The geochemical analysis presents high-silica(68.97-73.99 wt.%),low-silica(58.73-69.94 wt.%),and high k.(2)O(2.77-6.16 wt.%)contents in granitoids,classified as *** rock. are calcic to calcalk.lic,magnesian,and range from peraluminous to metaluminous *** patterns showed strong LREE enrichment relative to HREEs,with prominent negative Eu anomalies corresponding to earlier plagioclase ***-element patterns revealed negative anomalies in Nb,Sr,P,and Ti and positive anomalies in *** The geochemical signatures attributed to the post-collisional magma generation and continental crustal *** studied rock. show A-type and A2-type lineage,suggesting they originated from the melting of continental crust during transitional/post-collisional tectonic *** formation of hybrid granitoids in the Bundelk.and Craton is connected to the fractionation of hybrid magmas in shallow-seated magma chambers during these tectonic processes.

关键词： Geochemistry Petrogenesis A-type granites Crustal evolution Bundelk.and craton

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Information Security, Ethics, and Integrity in LLM Agent Interaction

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Journal of Information Security 2025年第1期16卷 184-196页

作者： Ying-Jung Chen Vijay k. Madisetti College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Cybersecurity & Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This study addresses security and ethical challenges in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems, as exemplified in a block.hain fraud detection case study. Leveraging block.hain’s secure architecture, the framework.involves specialized LLM Agents—ContractMining, Investigative, Ethics, and PerformanceMonitor, coordinated by a ManagerAgent. Baseline LLM models achieved 30% accuracy with a threshold method and 94% accuracy with a random-forest method. The Claude 3.5-powered LLM system reached an accuracy of 92%. Ethical evaluations revealed biases, highlighting the need for fairness-focused refinements. Our approach aims to develop trustworthy and reliable network. of agents capable of functioning even in adversarial environments. To our k.owledge, no existing systems employ ethical LLM agents specifically designed to detect fraud, mak.ng this a novel contribution. Future work.will focus on refining ethical framework., scaling the system, and benchmark.ng it against traditional methods to establish a robust, adaptable, and ethically grounded solution for block.hain fraud detection.

关键词： Multi LLM Agents Systems Block.hain Cooperative Interactions Fraud Detection Ethics and Safety

Robust Detection and Analysis of Smart Contract Vulnerabilities with Large Language Model Agents

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Journal of Information Security 2025年第1期16卷 197-226页

作者： Nishank.P. k.ppa Vijay k. Madisetti College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Smart contracts on the Ethereum block.hain continue to revolutionize decentralized applications (dApps) by allowing for self-executing agreements. However, bad actors have continuously found ways to exploit smart contracts for personal financial gain, which undermines the integrity of the Ethereum block.hain. This paper proposes a computer program called SADA (Static and Dynamic Analyzer), a novel approach to smart contract vulnerability detection using multiple Large Language Model (LLM) agents to analyze and flag suspicious Solidity code for Ethereum smart contracts. SADA not only improves upon existing vulnerability detection methods but also paves the way for more secure smart contract development practices in the rapidly evolving block.hain ecosystem.

关键词： Block.hain Ethereum Smart Contracts Security Decentralized Applications Web3 Cryptocurrency Large Language Models

Retrospective Review Investigating the Efficacy of the Gray/Campbell Migraine Injection Protocol for OnabotulinumtoxinA (A Modified PREEMPT Injection Paradigm for Chronic Migraine Treatment)

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2025年第1期13卷 14-26页

作者： Colin Campbell Terence k. Gray Ajay Challapalli Grace Gray College of Liberal Arts Bowdoin College Brunswick Maine USA Maine Comprehensive Pain Management Scarborough Maine USA Anesthesiology/Pain Management University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine (UNECOM) Biddeford Maine USA Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine Dothan Alabama USA College of Liberal Arts Bates College Lewiston Maine USA

Chronic migraine is a potentially debilitating condition that can be detrimental to someone’s quality of life. Clinical data has proven OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) to be an effective prophylactic treatment for chronic headache types, and it is now regularly employed by headache treatment centers. The PREEMPT injection protocol has become the standard treatment regimen surrounding Botox injections for chronic migraine treatment since it was granted approval by the FDA in 2010. This retrospective chart review of patients treated for chronic migraine at Maine Comprehensive Pain Management in Scarborough, Maine, presents an alteration to the standard PREEMPT injection paradigm that reinforces the efficacy of Botox for chronic migraine treatment. We will discuss our Modified PREEMPT injection paradigm, which yields a positive clinical response rate of 95% of patients achieving at least 50% improvement in their migraine headaches. This appears to be the highest established response rate in the literature to date.

关键词： OnabotulinumtoxinA Botox Injection

Experimental Study on a Hybrid Battery Thermal Management System Combining Oscillating Heat Pipe and Liquid Cooling

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第1期23卷 299-324页

作者： Hongk.n Lu M. M. Noor k. k.dirgama School of Automotive Engineering Jiangxi Polytechnic University Jiujiang 332000 China Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lah Pekan 26600 Malaysia Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdul-lah Pekan 26600 Malaysia Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Kota Samarahan 94300 Malaysia

To improve the thermal performance and temperature uniformity of battery pack. this paper presents a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) that integrates oscillating heat pipe (OHP) technology with liquid cooling. The primary innovation of the new hybrid BTMS lies in the use of an OHP with vertically arranged evaporator and condenser, enabling dual heat transfer pathways through liquid cooling plate and OHP. This study experimentally investigates the performance characteristics of the ⊥-shaped OHP and hybrid BTMS. Results show that lower filling ratios significantly enhance the OHP’s startup performance but reduce operational stability, with optimal performance achieved at a 26.1% filling ratio. Acetone, as a single work.ng fluid, exhibited superior heat transfer performance under low-load conditions compared to mixed fluids, while the acetone/ethanol mixture, forming a non-azeotropic solution, minimized temperature fluctuations. At 100 W, the ⊥-shaped OHP with a horizontally arranged evaporator demonstrated better heat transfer performance than 2D-OHP designs. Compared to a liquid BTMS using water coolant at 280 W, the hybrid BTMS reduced the equivalent thermal resistance ( R BTMS ) and maximum temperature difference ( ΔT max ) by 8.06% and 19.1%, respectively. When graphene nanofluid was used as the coolant in hybrid BTMS, the battery pack.s average temperature ( T b ) dropped from 52.2°C to 47.9°C, with R BTMS and ΔT max decreasing by 20.1% and 32.7%, respectively. These findings underscore the hybrid BTMS’s suitability for high heat load applications, offering a promising solution for electric vehicle thermal management.

关键词： Battery thermal management system oscillating heat pipe liquid cooling hybrid BTMS graphene nanofluid

Spherical quantum dot described by a scalar exponential potential under the influence of a linear electric field

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 172-175页

作者： k.Bak.e Departamento de Física Universidade Federal da Paraíba

We study the confinement of a spinless charged particle to a spherical quantum dot under the influence of a linear electric field. The spherical quantum dot is described by a short-range potential given by the power-exponential potential. Then, by analysing the region near the spherical quantum dot centre, we discuss two cases where the energy levels can be obtained for s-waves and how the linear electric field modifies the spectrum of energy of the spherical quantum dot.

关键词： spherical quantum dot power-exponential potential short-range potential linear electric field