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Quantifying the Impact of In-Cab Alerts on Truck.Speed Reductions in Ohio

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 273-288页

作者： Jairaj Desai Jijo k. Mathew Darcy M. Bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work.zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driver response was evaluated by measuring the statistical trends of vehicle speeds after the in-cab alerts were received. Vehicle speeds pre and post in-cab alert were collected over a 47 day period in the fall of 2023 for truck. traveling on interstate roadways in Ohio. Results show that approximately 22% of drivers receiving Dangerous Slowdown alerts had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after receiving such an alert. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles traveling at or above 70 mph at the time of alerting, 26% reduced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed reductions suggest drivers tak.ng actional measures after receiving alerts. Future studies will involve further analysis on the impact of the types of alerts shown, roadway characteristics and overall traffic conditions on truck.speeds passing through work.zones.

关键词： In-Cab Alerts Connected Truck.Data Driver Alerts Dangerous Slowdowns

Hydromagnetic Squeezing Nanofluid Flow between Two Vertical Plates in Presence of a Chemical Reaction

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 126-146页

作者： Benjamin Matur Madit Jack.on k. k.anza Phineas Roy k.ogora Department of Mathematics Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Juja Kenya Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

In this study, Hydromagnetic Squeezing Nanofluid flow between two vertical plates in presence of a chemical reaction has been investigated. The governing equations were transformed by similarity transformation and the resulting ordinary differential equations were solved by collocation method. The velocity, temperature, concentration and magnetic induction profiles were determined with help of various flow parameters. The numerical scheme was simulated with aid of MATLAB. The results showed that increasing the squeeze number only boosts velocity and concentration while lowering temperature. Conversely, increasing the Hartmann number, Reynold’s magnetic number, Eck.rt number and Thermal Grashof number generally increases temperature but decreases both velocity and concentration. Chemical reaction rate and Soret number solely elevate concentration while Schmidt number only reduces it. The results of this study will be useful in the fields of oil and gas industry, plastic processing industries, filtration, food processing, lubrication system in machinery, Microfluidics devices for drug delivery and other related fields of nanotechnology.

关键词： Hydromagnetic Squeezing Flow Nanofluid Variable Magnetic Field Chemical Reaction

Whispered Tuning: Data Privacy Preservation in Fine-Tuning LLMs through Differential Privacy

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 1-22页

作者： Tanmay Singh Harshvardhan Aditya Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various sectors underscored the urgency of addressing potential privacy breaches. Vulnerabilities, such as prompt injection attack. and other adversarial tactics, could mak. these models inadvertently disclose their training data. Such disclosures could compromise personal identifiable information, posing significant privacy risk.. In this paper, we proposed a novel multi-faceted approach called Whispered Tuning to address privacy leak. in large language models (LLMs). We integrated a PII redaction model, differential privacy techniques, and an output filter into the LLM fine-tuning process to enhance confidentiality. Additionally, we introduced novel ideas lik. the Epsilon Dial for adjustable privacy budgeting for differentiated Training Phases per data handler role. Through empirical validation, including attack. on non-private models, we demonstrated the robustness of our proposed solution SecureNLP in safeguarding privacy without compromising utility. This pioneering methodology significantly fortified LLMs against privacy infringements, enabling responsible adoption across sectors.

关键词： NLP Differential Privacy Adversarial Attack. Informed Decisions

Smaller & Smarter: Score-Driven Network.Chaining of Smaller Language Models

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 23-42页

作者： Gunik. Dhingra Siddansh Chawla Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

With the continuous evolution and expanding applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been a noticeable surge in the size of the emerging models. It is not solely the growth in model size, primarily measured by the number of parameters, but also the subsequent escalation in computational demands, hardware and software prerequisites for training, all culminating in a substantial financial investment as well. In this paper, we present novel techniques lik. supervision, parallelization, and scoring functions to get better results out of chains of smaller language models, rather than relying solely on scaling up model size. Firstly, we propose an approach to quantify the performance of a Smaller Language Models (SLM) by introducing a corresponding supervisor model that incrementally corrects the encountered errors. Secondly, we propose an approach to utilize two smaller language models (in a network. performing the same task.and retrieving the best relevant output from the two, ensuring peak.performance for a specific task. Experimental evaluations establish the quantitative accuracy improvements on financial reasoning and arithmetic calculation task. from utilizing techniques lik. supervisor models (in a network.of model scenario), threshold scoring and parallel processing over a baseline study.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Smaller Language Models (SLMs) Finance Network.ng Supervisor Model Scoring Function

Direct scaling of residual displacements for bilinear and pinching oscillators

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Earthquak. Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第1期23卷 129-149页

作者： Mohammad Saifullah Vinay k.Gupta Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

The estimation of residual displacements in a structure due to an anticipated earthquak. event has increasingly become an important component of performance-based earthquak. engineering because controlling these displacements plays an important role in ensuring cost-feasible or cost-effective repairs in a damaged structure after the *** attempt is made in this study to obtain statistical estimates of constant-ductility residual displacement spectra for bilinear and pinching oscillators with 5%initial damping,directly in terms of easily available seismological,site,and model *** of the available models for the bilinear and pinching oscillators are useful when design spectra for a seismic hazard at a site are not *** statistical estimates of a residual displacement spectrum are proposed in terms of earthquak. magnitude,epicentral distance,site geology parameter,and three model parameters for a given set of ductility demand and a hysteretic energy capacity coefficient in the case of bilinear and pinching models,as well as for a given set of pinching parameters for displacement and strength at the break.oint in the case of pinching model *** proposed scaling model is applicable to horizontal ground motions in the western *** earthquak. magnitudes less than 7 or epicentral distances greater than 20 k..

关键词： residual displacement spectrum bilinear hysteresis model pinching hysteresis model nonlinear analysis scaling model

Analysis of the Oscillatory Flows of Multiple Shock.Waves in a Constant Area Duct

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 794-806页

作者： k.JAMES Jintu k.M Heuy Dong Department of Mechanical Engineering Andong National UniversityAndong36729Republic of Korea CAD-IT k.rea Co. Ltd.Seoul08591Republic of Korea

The oscillatory response of multiple shock.waves to downstream perturbations in a supersonic flow is studied numerically in a rectangular *** shock.waves are formed inside the duct at a shock.Mach number of *** duct has an exit height of H,and the effect of duct resonance on multiple shock.oscillations is investigated by attaching exit ducts of lengths 0H,50H,and *** downstream disturbance frequency varied from 10 Hz to 200 Hz to explore the oscillation characteristics of the multiple shock.*** oscillatory response of shock.waves under self-excited and forced oscillation conditions are analyzed in terms of wall static pressure,shock.train leading-edge location,shock.train length,and the size of the separation *** extent of the initial shock.location increases with an increase in exit duct length for the self-excited oscillation *** analysis of the shock.train leading edge and the spectral analysis of wall static pressure variations are *** variation in the shock.train length is analyzed using the pressure ratio method for self-excited as well as forced *** RMS amplitude of the normalized shock.train length(ζ_(ST))increases with an increase in the exit duct length for the self-excited oscillation *** the downstream perturbation frequency is increased,ζ_(ST)is decreased for exit duct *** all exit duct designs and downstream forcing frequencies,the size of the separation bubble grows and shrink. during the shock.oscillations,demonstrating the dependence on duct resonance and forced oscillations.

关键词： shock.train downstream disturbance supersonic flow shock.wave boundary layer interaction duct resonance flow separation

Impact of Fin Arrangement on Heat Transfer and Melting Characteristics of Phase Change Material

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 435-456页

作者： Arun UNIYAL Yogesh k.PRAJAPATI Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology UttarakhandSrinagar(Garhwal)246174India Department of Mechanical Engineering BIT SindriDhanbadJharkhand828123India

Present work.investigates the heat transfer and melting behaviour of phase change material(PCM) in six enclosures(enclosure-1 to 6) filled with paraffin *** enclosures are equipped with distinct arrangements of the fins while k.eping the fin's surface area equal in each *** analysis has been presented to recognize the suitable fin arrangements that facilitate improved heat transfer and melting rate of the *** wall of the enclosure is maintained isothermal for the temperature values 335 k.350 k.and 365 *** length of the enclosure including fins is ranging between 0 and *** have been illustrated through the estimation of important performance parameters such as energy absorbing capacity,melting rate,enhancement ratio,and Nusselt *** has been found that melting time(to melt 100% of the PCM) is 60.5%less in enclosure-2(with two fins of equal length) as compared to the enclosure-1,having no *** the fin surface area equal,if the longer fin is placed below the shorter fin(enclosure-3),melting time is further decreased by 14.1% as compared to ***,among all the configurations,enclosure-6 with wire-mesh fin structure exhibits minimum melting time which is 68.4% less as compared to the *** on the findings,it may be concluded that fins are the main driving agent in the enclosure to transfer the heat from heated wall to the *** design and positioning of the fins improve the heat transfer rate followed by melting of the PCM in the entire area of the *** of the favourable vortices and natural convection current in the enclosure accelerate the melting phenomenon and help to reduce charging time.

关键词： phase change material enclosure fin melting fraction energy storage heat transfer

Radiative heat transfer analysis of a concave porous fin under the local thermal non-equilibrium condition:application of the clique polynomial method and physics-informed neural network.

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1613-1632页

作者： k.CHANDAN k.k.RTHIk.k.V.NAGARAJA B.C.PRASANNAk.MARA R.S.VARUN k.MAR T.MUHAMMAD Amrita School of Artificial Intelligence Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere 577002KarnatakaIndia Computational Science Lab Amrita School of EngineeringAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamBengaluru 560035KarnatakaIndia Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesSunway UniversityPetaling Jaya 47500Malaysia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

The heat transfer through a concave permeable fin is analyzed by the local thermal non-equilibrium(LTNE)*** governing dimensional temperature equations for the solid and fluid phases of the porous extended surface are modeled,and then are nondimensionalized by suitable dimensionless ***,the obtained nondimensional equations are solved by the clique polynomial method(CPM).The effects of several dimensionless parameters on the fin's thermal profiles are shown by graphical ***,the current study implements deep neural structures to solve physics-governed coupled equations,and the best-suited hyperparameters are attained by comparison with various network.*** results of the CPM and physicsinformed neural network.PINN)exhibit good agreement,signifying that both methods effectively solve the thermal modeling problem.

关键词： heat transfer fin porous fin local thermal non-equilibrium(LTNE)model physics-informed neural network.PINN)

Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovsk.te Solar Modules Enabled by Solid-Liquid Two-Step Film Formation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 571-582页

作者： Juan Zhang Xiaofei Ji Xiaoting Wang Liujiang Zhang Leyu Bi Zhenhuang Su Xingyu Gao Wenjun Zhang Lei Shi Guoqing Guan Abuliti Abudula Xiaogang Hao Liyou Yang Qiang Fu Alex k.‑Y.Jen Linfeng Lu Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University3‑BunkyochoHirosaki 036‑8561Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Department of ChemistryHong Kong Institute for Clean EnergyCity University of Hong Kong KowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China The Interdisciplinary Research Center Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210People’s Republic of China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Zhangjiang LabShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201204People’s Republic of China JINNENG Clean Energy Technology Ltd. Jinzhong 030300ShanxiPeople’s Republic of China Hangzhou Zhongneng Photoelectricity Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310018People’s Republic of China College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024People’s Republic of China Institute of Regional Innovation Hirosaki University3‑BunkyochoHirosaki 036‑8561Japan

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovsk.te solar modules and small-area perovsk.te solar *** control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovsk.te crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of *** this work.we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovsk.te *** method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovsk.te ***,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovsk.te buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovsk.te *** a result,a large-area perovsk.te film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be *** inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved *** method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

关键词： Inverted perovsk.te solar cells Perovsk.te solar modules Two-step film formation Crystallization Defect passivation