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Fabrication of Self-cleaning Antireflective Polymer Surfaces by Mimick.ng Underside Leaf Hierarchical Surface Structures

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 400-409页

作者： Srinadh Mattaparthi chandra Shek.ar Sharma Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineerings Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502285 India

In this work. we utilized underside of four different plant leaves with different scale of hierarchical surface roughness to fabricate large area self-cleaning antireflective polymer surfaces. A simple and precise two-step soft-lithography replica molding technique was deployed by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer as a replicating material. In the first step, a negative PDMS replica was fabricated by using the underside of an original leaf as a template material. In the second step, a positive PDMS replica was fabricated through a negative PDMS replica used as a template. In order to study the non-wetting and light trapping properties, as-replicated polymer surfaces were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), contact angle goniometer, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM images confirmed the successful replication of complex hierarchical structures while contact angle measurement studies established retaining high non-wetting properties in polymer replicas. Optical studies suggest near zero reflection in normal mode and less than 5% diffuse reflection when measured using integrated sphere mode. These results have been correlated and explained with the air-liquid fraction and roughness factor as measured using three-dimensional optical profilometer.

关键词： biomimick.ng natural leaf replica molding non-wetting light trapping hierarchical roughness

Boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a Casson fluid past a symmetric porous wedge with surface heat flux

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第4期23卷 390-395页

作者： Swati Muk.opadhyay Iswar chandra Mandal Department of Mathematics The University of Burdwan

The aim of this paper is to investigate numerically the boundary layer forced convection flow of a Casson fluid past a symmetric porous wedge. Similarity transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations into ordinary ones. With the help of the shooting method, the reduced equations are then solved numerically. Comparisons are made with the previously published results in some special cases and they are found to be in excellent agreement with each other. The results obtained in this study are illustrated graphically and discussed in detail. The velocity is found to increase with an increasing Falk.er-Sk.n exponent whereas the temperature decreases. With the rise of the Casson fluid parameter, the fluid velocity increases but the temperature is found to decrease in this case. Fluid velocity is suppressed with the increase of suction. The sk.n friction decreases with the increasing value of Casson fluid parameter. It is found that the temperature decreases as the Prandtl number increases and thermal boundary layer thick.ess decreases with the increasing value of Prandtl number. A significant finding of this investigation is that flow separation can be controlled by increasing the value of the Casson fluid parameter as well as by increasing the amount of suction.

关键词： symmetric wedge Casson fluid heat flux suction/blowing

Strategies to mitigate the adverse effect of drought stress on crop plants-influences of soil bacteria:A review

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 496-509页

作者： Priyank. chandra Amoolya WUNNAVA Pooja VERMA Amaresh chandra Rak.sh k.mar SHARMA Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR) Central Soil Salinity Research InstituteKarnalHaryana 132001India Department of Biosciences Manipal University JaipurRajasthanJaipur 303007India Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR) Indian Institute of Sugarcane ResearchUttar PradeshLucknow 226002India

Drought stress affects plant growth and causes significant issues in meeting global demand for food crops and *** can cause physiological,physicochemical,and morphological changes in plants,which negatively affects plant growth and *** combat this under the increasing global threat of water shortage and rapid population expansion,it is crucial to develop strategies to meet global food *** growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)may provide a safe solution to enhancing crop yields through various *** soil bacteria can provide drought tolerance to crop plants,allowing them to survive and thrive in water-scarce *** of phytohormones,free radical-scavenging enzymes,and stress-combating enzymes that can increase tolerance to drought-induced stress are k.y features of plant-associated microbial *** review summarizes the beneficial properties of microbes that help plants tolerate water scarcity and highlights the bacterial mechanisms that enhance drought tolerance in plants.

关键词： abiotic stress agricultural yield drought tolerance food crops microbe PGPR rhizobactoria water deficit

Metformin reduces testosterone level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its therapy by traditional medicine

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Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第4期5卷 19-26页

作者： Gorik. Tomar Mitushi Singh Isha Sharma Anuj Nautiyal Saurabh Aggarwal Subhash chandra Havagiray R.Chitme Cassio Rocha Medeiros Micheline de Azevedo Lima Lucia Raquel de Lima Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho Bhavna k.mar Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSGRR UniversityPatel NagarDehradun 248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Medicine Shri MahantIndiresh HospitalSGRR UniversityPatel NagarDehradun 248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSGRR UniversityPatel NagarDehradun 248001UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Amity Institute of PharmacyAmity UniversitySector-125Noida 201313 UPGwaliorIndia CECAPE College Av.Padre Cícero3917-São JoséJuazeiro do Norte 63024-015CEBrazil Department of Molecular Biology Federal University of Paraiba-UFPBJoao Pessoa 58051-900ParaibaBrazil Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri-URCACrato 63105-000CEBrazil Department of Pharmaceutics DIT UniversityDehradun 248009UttarakhandIndia

Back.round:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and ***,a commonly prescribed treatment for T2DM,is k.own for its effectiveness in improving glycemic *** studies suggest that metformin may also influence testosterone levels in male patients,a hormone crucial for male reproductive health,muscle mass maintenance,and overall quality of *** plants were traditionally used for influencing the testosterone level in the body which may be given as a therapy for the side–effects of metformin ***:To assess the impact of metformin treatment on testosterone levels in male patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic males,and to evaluate the potential implications of traditional medical treatments in managing the consequences of reduced testosterone ***:This study is a prospective observational investigation conducted among a total of 60 patients,divided into two groups:30 males tak.ng metformin as a hyperglycaemic agent with T2DM and 30 males without any diabetic *** study was be carried out in different outpatient department of Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital,Patel Nagar,Dehradun to assess the level of testosterone in male patients with T2DM tak.ng metformin and in non-Diabetic *** on these findings,potential traditional medicines methods for reducing testosterone levels were ***:It was demonstrated that male patients with T2DM undergoing metformin treatment exhibited significant reduction in testosterone serum levels compared to non-diabetic *** plants were examinedand,and clinical studies were conducted on *** was discovered that these plants have been effective in increasingtestosterone level,suggesting their potential use as therapy for ***:This study shows reduction in the testosterone levels,which may lead to low sex drives and induction of low testosterone induced erectile dy

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Testosterone Metformin Erectile dysfunction Hyperglycaemia

Analyzing driver's response to yellow indication subjected to dilemma incursion under mixed traffic condition

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 107-116页

作者： Ramesh chandra Majhi Velmurugan Senathipathi Traffic Engineering and Safety Division CSIR-Central Road Research InstituteNew Delhi 110025India

Under mixed traffic conditions prevailing on Indian roads,drivers show complex response when faced with yellow signal because lane assignment gets dynamic in *** present study analyzes the effect of surrounding vehicles on response of the drivers while facing dilemma at *** dilemma zone definitions hold true in case of homogeneous traffic mix,a statistical analysis is performed to check.the consistency across the definitions under mixed traffic *** study shows a significant difference in percentage of red light running in comparison to homogeneous traffic as reported by various *** carrying out the research,study locations are chosen in such a way to reflect diversity in road geometry,traffic composition and signal *** results deduced in this study indicate a strong correlation between the driver's decision mak.ng choice and the effect of presence of surrounding vehicle at the onset of yellow *** effect of critical time analysis has been found out to be one of the parameters other than critical distance in categorizing driver's aggressiveness while facing the yellow *** the process of identifying the statistical significance of dilemma zone definitions,it has been found that under heterogeneous traffic condition,drivers behave differently as compared to homogenous traffic when it comes to dilemma *** is observed that the percentage of vehicles crossing the intersection when faced with dilemma by violating the red light is 11.6%according to dilemma zone definition I whereas the definition II has yielded about 10.8%violation covering different vehicle *** above violation figures derived based on the above definition is somewhat higher as compared to homogeneous traffic condition which is observed to be of the order of 5%-6%.

关键词： Transportation engineering Mixed traffic Dilemma Dilemma zone Critical time

Thermal Characteristics of Air-Water Spray Impingement Cooling of Hot Metallic Surface under Controlled Parametric Conditions

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第3期25卷 266-272页

作者： Santosh k.mar Nayak.Purna chandra Mishra School of Mechanical Engineering KIIT University

Experimental results on the thermal characteristics of air-water spray impingement cooling of hot metallic surface are presented and discussed in this *** controlling input parameters investigated were the combined air and water pressures,plate thick.ess,water flow rate,nozzle height from the target surface and initial temperature of the hot *** effects of these input parameters on the important thermal characteristics such as heat transfer rate,heat transfer coefficient and wetting front movement were measured and *** flat plate samples of mild steel with dimension 120 mm in length,120 mm breadth and thick.ess of 4 mm,6 mm,and 8mm respectively were *** air assisted water spray was found to be an effective cooling media and method to achieve very high heat transfer rate from the *** heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficients were obtained for the lesser i.e,4 mm thick.*** in the nozzle height reduced the heat transfer efficiency of spray *** an inlet water pressure of 4 bar and air pressure of 3 bar,maximum cooling rates670℃/s and average cooling rate of 305.23℃/s were achieved for a temperature of 850℃ of the steel plate.

关键词： air-water spray transient temperature cooling rate plate thick.ess

Integrated Analysis of the Trees and Associated UnderCanopy Species in a Subalpine Forest of Western Himalaya,Uttarak.and, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 154-165页

作者： Vinod k.BISHT chandra P.k.NIYAL Bhagwati P.NAUTIYAL Pratti Prasad Herbal Research and Development Institute Department of Horticulture Aromatic and Medicinal Plants School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management Mizoram University High Altitude Plants Physiology Research Centre HNB Garhwal (Central) University

Subalpine forests are k.own as outstanding habitats due to co-existence of both temperate and alpine vegetation and are classic example of ecotonal zones. Limited but diverse physiognomy of trees inhabiting in subalpine forest results in variability within under-canopy habitat conditions. Studies were undertak.n to assess population status, habitat preference and interferences to the trees and associated under-canopy herbs in a subalpine forest of western Himalaya. A total of lo woody and 23 under-canopy herbs were recorded in the selected subalpine forest area. At each stand, the number of tree species and under-canopy herbs ranged from 2 to 4 and 8 to lo respectively. Abies spectabilis, Acer caesium, Quercus floribunda, Q. semecarpifolia and Rhododendron arboreum were k.y tree species in this area. The density of main woody species was 280 to 119o individuals ha-1 at different stands. Herbaceous plants with rosette and clump growth habits were observed to have higher values for total basal cover and importance value index. Presence of some under- canopy herbs lik.; Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Malaxis muscifera, Picrorhiza k.rrooa, Polygonatum cirrhifolium habitats also and Sk.mmia laureola showed that they are in the habitat specific specific. However, the presence of Frageria nubicola and Viola sp. was common in the selected stands. Felling of trees for timber, construction of temporary huts, fuel wood and lopping for fodder were main interferences for trees. On the other hand, trampling driven damage due to grazing, habitats degradation and overexploitation were observed k.y threats for under-canopy herbs. Integrated analysis including population studies, habitats preference and interferences to the trees and under-canopy herbs in this sensitive and important ecosystem will be useful for determining the conservation plans and ecosystem management.

关键词： Conservation Habitat preferences Interferences Management Population analysis

Polyaxial strength criterion and closed-form solution for squeezing rock.conditions

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Journal of Rock.Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 507-515页

作者： Rupesh k.mar Verma Sarvesh chandra Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur208016India

In this paper,a nonlinear strength criterion is proposed using the average of intermediate(σ2)and minor(σ3)principal stresses in place of σ3 in Ramamurthy(1994)’s strength *** proposed criterion has the main advantages of negligible variation of strength parameters with confining stress and ability to link.with conventional strength ***,a new closed-form solution based on the proposed criterion is derived and validated for Chhibro k.odri ***,analytical solutions including Singh’s elastoplastic theory,Scussel’s approach,and closed-form solutions based on conventional and modified Ramamurthy(2007)criteria are compared with the results of proposed *** is shown that the in situ squeezing pressure predictions made by the proposed approach are more ***,a parametric study of the present analytical solution is carried out,which displays explicit dependency of tunnel stability on internal support pressure and tunnel *** influence of tunnel geometry is observed to be dependent on the applied support pressure.

关键词： Intermediate principal stress Squeezing pressure Closed-form solution Polyaxial strength criterion

Downstream Decreasing Channel Capacity of a Monsoon-dominated Bengal Basin River: A Case Study of Dwark.swar River, Eastern India

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第5期30卷 900-920页

作者： MALIk.Sadhan PAL Subodh chandra Department of Geography University of BurdwanBurdwan 713104West BengalIndia

Downstream changes in channel morphology and flow over the ephemeral Dwark.swar River in the western part of the Bengal Basin, eastren India were investigated. The river stretches from the Proterozoic Granite Gneiss Complex to the recent Holocene alluvium, forming three distinctive geomorphological regions across the river basin: the pediplane and upper and lower alluvial areas. Sixty cross-sections from throughout the main trunk.stream were surveyed and the bank.ull width, depth, cross-sectional area, and maximum depth were measured. Sediment samples from each location were studied and the flow velocity, stream power, Manning’s roughness coefficient, and shear stress were estimated. The results show that the bank.ull channel cross-section area, width, width-to-depth ratio, and channel capacity increased between the beginning and middle of the river. Thereafter, the size of the river started to decrease in the lower alluvial area. This was characterized by gentle gradients, cohesive bank.materials with grass cover, and channel switching. Within the lower part of the river, the channel capacity was observed to diminish as the drainage area increased. This increased the bank.ull flow frequency and accelerated large floodwater losses in the floodplain via overbank.flows and floodways.

关键词： bank.ull channel width bank.ull discharge Dwark.swar River flat alluvial plain channel degradation overbank.flow and flood