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Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： John k.Triantafillidis Constantinos G Zografos Manousos M k.nstadoulak.s Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical gastroenterologist.It seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific back.round of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to tak. initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the treatment.In daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack.IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical agents.These combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment applied.Therefore,a part of these patients are going to surgery.In recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe cases.In our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very few.As mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal manifestations.The appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for check.ng the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research shortly.In this editorial,we attempt to summarize the existing d

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

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Pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services warrant provision for support from a specialist diabetes team

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 598-605页

作者： Vasileios k.Mavroeidis Jennifer k.apton Francesca Saffioti Daniel L Morganstein Department of HPB Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Southmead HospitalNorth Bristol NHS TrustBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom Department of Academic Surgery Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health University College LondonLondon NW32PFUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW109NHUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic surgery units undertak. several complex operations,albeit with consi-derable morbidity and mortality,as is the case for the management of complicated acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis.The centralisation of pancreatic surgery services,with the development of designated large-volume centres,has contribu-ted to significantly improved outcomes.In this editorial,we discuss the complex associations between diabetes mellitus(DM)and pancreatic/periampullary disease in the context of pancreatic surgery and overall management of complex pancreatitis,highlighting the consequential needs and the indispensable role of specialist diabetes teams in support of tertiary pancreatic services.Type 3c pan-creatogenic DM,refers to DM developing in the setting of exocrine pancreatic disease,and its identification and management can be challenging,while the glycaemic control of such patients may affect their course of treatment and outcome.Adequate preoperative diabetes assessment is warranted to aid identification of patients who are lik.ly to need commencement or escalation of glucose lowering therapy in the postoperative period.The incidence of new onset diabetes after pancreatic resection is widely variable in the literature,and depends on the type and extent of pancreatic resection,as is the case with pancreatic parenchymal loss in the context of severe pancreatitis.Early involvement of a specialist diabetes team is essential to ensure a holistic management.In the current era,large volume pancreatic surgery services commonly abide by the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery,with inclusion of provisions for optimisation of the perioperative glycaemic control,to improve outcomes.While various guidelines are available to aid perioperative management of DM,auditing and quality improvement platforms have highlighted deficiencies in the perioperative management of diabetic patients and areas of required improvement.The need for perioperative support of diabetic patients by specialist diabetes teams is uniform

关键词： Pancreatectomy Pancreatoduodenectomy Whipple’s Pancreatitis Diabetes specialist Type 3c pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus

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Calibration of CO and CO₂ Monitors Used in Periodic Inspection of Vehicles at Fixed Stations for Environmental Control

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 29-41页

作者： Adel Bassuoni Shehata Abdulrahman Rashed Al Ask.r Najjy Hamad Al Yami Abdullah Suleiman Al Owaysi Sultan k. Alharbi Chemistry Department National Measurement and Calibration Center (NMCC) Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Global efforts for environmental cleanliness through the control of gaseous emissions from vehicles are gaining momentum and attracting increasing attention. Calibration plays a crucial role in these efforts by ensuring the quantitative assessment of emissions for informed decisions on environmental treatments. This paper describes a method for the calibration of CO/CO2 monitors used for periodic inspections of vehicles in cites. The calibration was performed in the selected ranges: 900 - 12,000 µmol/mol for CO and 2000 - 20,000 µmol/mol for CO2. The traceability of the measurement results to the SI units was ensured by using certified reference materials from CO/N2 and CO2/N2 primary gas mixtures. The method performance was evaluated by assessing its linearity, accuracy, precision, bias, and uncertainty of the calibration results. The calibration data exhibited a strong linear trend with R² values close to 1, indicating an excellent fit between the measured values and the calibration lines. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD), ranged from 0.48 to 4.56% for CO and from 0.97 to 3.53% for CO2, staying well below the 5% threshold for reporting results at a 95% confidence level. Accuracy measured as percent recovery, was consistently high (≥ 99.1%) for CO and ranged from 84.90% to 101.54% across the calibration range for CO2. In addition, the method exhibited minimal bias for both CO and CO2 calibrations and thus provided a reliable and accurate approach for calibrating CO/CO2 monitors used in vehicle inspections. Thus, it ensures the effectiveness of exhaust emission control for better environment.

关键词： Monitors Periodic Inspection CO/CO2 Calibration Linearity Precision Accuracy

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中国新生儿协作网出生胎龄22~25周超早产儿出院预后及治疗现状

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中华儿科杂志 2024年第1期62卷 22-28页

作者：蒋思远杨传忠田秀英陈冬梅杨祖铭石静云徐发林莫艳顾昕玥 Lee Shoo k. 周文浩曹云国家儿童医学中心、复旦大学附属儿科医院新生儿科上海201102 南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院新生儿科深圳518000 天津市中心妇产科医院、南开大学附属妇产科医院新生儿科天津300199 泉州市妇幼保健院儿童医院新生儿科泉州362017 苏州市立医院、南京医科大学附属苏州医院新生儿科苏州215001 甘肃省妇幼保健院、甘肃省中心医院新生儿科兰州730050 郑州大学附属第三医院(河南省妇幼保健院)儿科郑州450052 广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院、广西壮族自治区儿童医院新生儿医疗中心南宁530005 国家儿童医学中心、复旦大学附属儿科医院国家卫生健康委员会新生儿疾病重点实验室上海201102 加拿大西奈山医院母婴健康研究中心多伦多M5G 1X5 广州市妇女儿童医疗中心新生儿医学中心广州510623

目的描述2019—2021年中国新生儿协作网(CHNN)各单位收治的出生胎龄22~25周超早产儿的出院预后和治疗现状以及3年变化趋势。方法基于CHNN极早产儿队列的横断面研究,纳入2019—2021年CHNN各单位新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)收治的963例出生... 详细信息

目的描述2019—2021年中国新生儿协作网(CHNN)各单位收治的出生胎龄22~25周超早产儿的出院预后和治疗现状以及3年变化趋势。方法基于CHNN极早产儿队列的横断面研究,纳入2019—2021年CHNN各单位新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)收治的963例出生胎龄22~25周的超早产儿。排除出生24 h后入院及转运至非CHNN医院治疗的超早产儿。根据出生胎龄和入院年份分组,描述不同组超早产儿围生期救治、存活率、并发症发生率及NICU治疗情况。采用χ^(2)检验、k.usk.l-Wallis秩和检验进行组间比较,采用Cochran-Armitage和Jonck.eere-Terpstra趋势检验进行不同年份间趋势分析。结果963例超早产儿中男588例(61.1%),出生胎龄25.0(24.4,25.6)周,出生体重770(680,840)g。出生胎龄22、23、24、25周的超早产儿分别有29例(3.0%)、88例(9.1%)、264例(27.4%)、582例(60.4%)。2019—2021年3年间超早产儿病例数量逐年增加(分别为285、312、366例)。母亲产前激素和硫酸镁的应用率分别为67.7%(615/908)和51.1%(453/886)。产房中无创呼气末正压和气管插管应用率分别为20.8%(200/963)和69.5%(669/963),延迟脐带结扎和脐带挤压应用率分别为19.0%(149/784)和30.4%(241/794)。2019—2021年3年间母亲产前激素、产前硫酸镁应用、产房无创呼气末正压应用率均有增加趋势(均P0.05)。积极治疗后存活超早产儿中,仅11.5%(45/392)出院时无并发症存活。中重度支气管肺发育不良[67.3%(264/392)]和严重早产儿视网膜病[61.5%(241/392)]是常见的两类并发症,重度脑室内出血或脑室旁白质软化、坏死性小肠结肠炎和败血症的发生率分别为15.3%(60/392)、5.9%(23/392)和19.1%(75/392)。积极治疗后存活超早产儿中,83.7%(328/392)接受有创机械通气治疗,时长为22(10,42)d。存活超早产儿的住院时长为97(86,116)d。结论CHNN各单位NICU收治的出生胎龄22~25周超早产儿数量2019—2021年逐年增加,但出院时存活率尤其是无并发症存活率仍有很大的提升空间;多项可改善超早产儿预后的最佳临床实践实施情况有待改进.

关键词：婴儿,早产存活率预后并发症

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Adaptive Marine Predator Optimization Algorithm(AOMA)-Deep Supervised Learning Classification(DSLC)based IDS framework.for MANET security

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Intelligent and Converged Network. 2024年第1期5卷 1-18页

作者： M.Sahaya Sheela A.Gnana Soundari Aditya Mudigonda C.k.lpana k.Suresh k.Somasundaram Yousef Farhaoui Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai 600069India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSIMATSChennai 602105India JNIAS School of Planning and Architecture Hyderabad 500034India Department of Computer Science and Engineering NPR College of Engineering and TechnologyNatham Dindigul 624401India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologyPoolangulathupatti 620009India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Muthukumaran Institute of TechnologyChennai 600069India Department of Computer Science Moulay Ismail UniversityMeknes 5003Morocco

Due to the dynamic nature and node mobility,assuring the security of Mobile Ad-hoc Network.(MANET)is one of the difficult and challenging task. today.In MANET,the Intrusion Detection System(IDS)is crucial because it aids in the identification and detection of malicious attack. that impair the network.s regular operation.Different machine learning and deep learning methodologies are used for this purpose in the conventional work. to ensure increased security of MANET.However,it still has significant flaws,including increased algorithmic complexity,lower system performance,and a higher rate of misclassification.Therefore,the goal of this paper is to create an intelligent IDS framework.for significantly enhancing MANET security through the use of deep learning models.Here,the min-max normalization model is applied to preprocess the given cyber-attack.datasets for normalizing the attributes or fields,which increases the overall intrusion detection performance of classifier.Then,a novel Adaptive Marine Predator Optimization Algorithm(AOMA)is implemented to choose the optimal features for improving the speed and intrusion detection performance of classifier.Moreover,the Deep Supervise Learning Classification(DSLC)mechanism is utilized to predict and categorize the type of intrusion based on proper learning and training operations.During evaluation,the performance and results of the proposed AOMA-DSLC based IDS methodology is validated and compared using various performance measures and benchmark.ng datasets.

关键词： Intrusion Detection System(IDS) Security Mobile Ad-hoc Network.MANET) min-max normalization Adaptive Marine Predator Optimization Algorithm(AOMA) Deep Supervise Learning Classification(DSLC)

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Analysis of the Impact of the Blazhk. Effect Both on the Van Hoof Effect and Radial Velocity Amplitude in the Star RR Lyr

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 255-274页

作者： Y.El jariri F.L.Sefyani A.Benhida Z.Benk.aldoun k.k.lenberg k.Chafouai A.Habib M.Sabil Observatoire de l'Ouk.imeden LPHEA FSSM Université Cadi Ayyad Observatoire de l'Ouk.imeden LPHEA FSTG Université Cadi Ayyad Département de physique Université d'Anvers LICPM ENSA-BM Université Sultan Moulay Slimane

The Van Hoof effect is a phase shift existing between the radial velocity curves of hydrogen and metallic lines within the atmosphere of pulsating stars. In this article, we present a study of this phenomenon through the spectra of the brightest pulsating star RR Lyr of RR Lyrae stars recorded for 22 yr. We based ourselves, on the one hand,on 1268 spectra(41 nights of observation) recorded between the years 1994 and 1997 at the Observatory of Haute Provence(OHP, France) previously observed by Chadid and Gillet, and on the other hand on 1569 spectra(46nights of observation) recorded at our Ouk.imeden Observatory(Morocco) between 2015 and 2016. Through this study, we have detected information on atmospheric dynamics that had not previously been detected. Indeed, the Van Hoof effect which results in a clear correlation between the radial velocities of hydrogen and those of the metallic lines has been observed and analyzed at different Blazhk. phases. A correlation between the radial velocities of different metallic lines located in the lower atmosphere has been observed as well. For the first time,we were able to show that the amplitude of the radial velocity curves deduced from the lines of hydrogen and that of Fe Ⅱ(λ4923.921 ?) increases toward the minimum of the Blazhk. cycle and decreases toward the maximum of the same Blazhk. cycle. Furthermore, we found that the Van Hoof effect is also modulated by the Blazhk. effect.Thus, toward the minimum of the Blazhk. cycle the Van Hoof effect is more visible and at the maximum of the Blazhk. cycle, this effect is minimal. We also observed the temporal evolution of the amplitudes of the radial velocities of the lower and upper atmosphere. When observed over a long time, we can interpret it as a function of the Blazhk. phases.

关键词： shock.waves stars: atmospheres stars: individual (RR Lyr) stars: variables: RR Lyrae techniques: radial velocities techniques: spectroscopic

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Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Mark.ey Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson Daniele Ines k.rtebi Maryam Faiz Patrick.k.ry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and homeostasis.In response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair response.In this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal models.We will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate demyelination.Finally,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

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Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek.Mejstrík.Martin Svatek.Martina Pollastrini Martin Sramek.Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a k.y phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and diversity.Regenerating trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting ability.Although both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional differences.However,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly understood.To address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest development.Data were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per hectare.All trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years later.In addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was identified.To assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric equations.Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual trees.Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species composition.AGB and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed regeneration.Sprouts formed on average97.1%of the total regeneration AGB in H ady and 98.6%in

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

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Detecting fak. reviewers in heterogeneous network. of buyers and sellers:a collaborative training-based spammer group algorithm

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Cybersecurity 2024年第2期7卷 44-67页

作者： Qi Zhang Zhixiang Liang Shujuan Ji Benyong Xing Dick.on k.W.Chiu Shandong Provincial k.y Laboratory of Wisdom Mine Information Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Zhejang University-University of linois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Haining 314499ZhejiangChina School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Faculty of Education The University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong KongChina

It is not uncommon for malicious sellers to collude with fak. reviewers(also called spammers)to write fak. reviews for multiple products to either demote competitors or promote their products'reputations,forming a gray industry chain.To detect spammer groups in a heterogeneous network.with rich semantic information from both buyers and sellers,researchers have conducted extensive research using Frequent Item Mining-based and graph-based meth-ods.However,these methods cannot detect spammer groups with cross-product attack. and do not jointly consider structural and attribute features,and structure-attribute correlation,resulting in poorer detection performance.There-fore,we propose a collaborative training-based spammer group detection algorithm by constructing a heterogene-ous induced sub-network.based on the target product set to detect cross-product attack.spammer groups.To jointly consider all available features,we use the collaborative training method to learn the feature representations of nodes.In addition,we use the DBSCAN clustering method to generate candidate groups,exclude innocent ones,and rank.them to obtain spammer groups.The experimental results on real-world datasets indicate that the overall detection performance of the proposed method is better than that of the baseline methods.

关键词： Spammer group Heterogeneous network Collaborative training DBSCAN

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Chaotic Aquila Optimization Algorithm for Solving Phase Equilibrium Problems and Parameter Estimation of Semi-empirical Models

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 486-526页

作者： Oguz Emrah Turgut Mert Sinan Turgut Erhan k.rtepe Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureIzmir Bakircay UniversityMenemenizmirTurkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringEge UniversityBornovaizmirTurkey Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technologies Sirnak UniversitySirnakTurkey

This research study aims to enhance the optimization performance of a newly emerged Aquila Optimization algorithm by incorporating chaotic sequences rather than using uniformly generated Gaussian random numbers.This work.employs 25 different chaotic maps under the framework.of Aquila Optimizer.It considers the ten best chaotic variants for performance evaluation on multidimensional test functions composed of unimodal and multimodal problems,which have yet to be studied in past literature work..It was found that Ik.da chaotic map enhanced Aquila Optimization algorithm yields the best predictions and becomes the leading method in most of the cases.To test the effectivity of this chaotic variant on real-world optimization problems,it is employed on two constrained engineering design problems,and its effectiveness has been verified.Finally,phase equilibrium and semi-empirical parameter estimation problems have been solved by the proposed method,and respective solutions have been compared with those obtained from state-of-art optimizers.It is observed that CH01 can successfully cope with the restrictive nonlinearities and nonconvexities of parameter estimation and phase equilibrium problems,showing the capabilities of yielding minimum prediction error values of no more than 0.05 compared to the remaining algorithms utilized in the performance benchmark.ng process.

关键词： Aquila optimization algorithm Chaotic maps Parameter estimation Phase equilibrium Unconstrained optimization

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