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k.owledge and Attitudes of k.ust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Ama B. Yeboah Daniel k. Sabbah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Back.round: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. k.owledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the k.owledge and attitudes of k.ame Nk.umah University of Science and Technology (k.UST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in k.UST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the k.owledge level of k.UST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of k.owledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, k.UST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of k.owledge on orthodontic treatments have a k.en interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy Pre-Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

MDCN:Modified Dense Convolution Network.Based Disease Classification in Mango Leaves

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2511-2533页

作者： Chirag Chandrashek.r k.P.Vijayak.mar k.Pradeep A.Balasundaram School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiIndia Center for Cyber Physical Systems School of Computer Science and EngineeringVellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiIndia

The most widely farmed fruit in the world is mango.Both the production and quality of the mangoes are hampered by many diseases.These diseases need to be effectively controlled and mitigated.Therefore,a quick.and accurate diagnosis of the disorders is essential.Deep convolutional neural network.,renowned for their independence in feature extraction,have established their value in numerous detection and classification task..However,it requires large training datasets and several parameters that need careful adjustment.The proposed Modified Dense Convolutional Network.MDCN)provides a successful classification scheme for plant diseases affecting mango leaves.This model employs the strength of pre-trained network. and modifies them for the particular context of mango leaf diseases by incorporating transfer learning techniques.The data loader also builds mini-batches for training the models to reduce training time.Finally,optimization approaches help increase the overall model’s efficiency and lower computing *** employed on the MangoLeafBD Dataset consists of a total of 4,000 images.Following the experimental results,the proposed system is compared with existing techniques and it is clear that the proposed algorithm surpasses the existing algorithms by achieving high performance and overall throughput.

关键词： Leaf disease detection deep convolutional neural network. transfer learning optimization MangoLeafBD Dataset

Heating of nanoparticles and their environment by laser radiation and applications

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第1期7卷 78-115页

作者： Victor k.Pustovalov Belarusian National Technical University Pr.Independency65Minsk 220013Belarus

This review considers the fundamental dynamic processes involved in the laser heating of metal nanoparticles and their subsequent cooling.Of particular interest are the absorption of laser energy by nanoparticles,the heating of a single nanoparticle or an ensemble thereof,and the dissipation of the energy of nanoparticles due to heat exchange with the environment.The goal is to consider the dependences and values of the temperatures of the nanoparticles and the environment,their time scales,and other parameters that describe these processes.Experimental results and analytical studies on the heating of single metal nanoparticles by laser pulses are discussed,including the laser thresholds for initiating subsequent photothermal processes,how temperature inﬂuences the optical properties,and the heating of gold nanoparticles by laser pulses.Experimental studies of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the results of an analytical study of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the environment by laser radiation are considered.Nanothermometry methods for nanoparticles under laser heating are considered,including changes in the refractive indices of metals and spectral thermometry of optical scattering of nanoparticles,Raman spectroscopy,the thermal distortion of the refractive index of an environment heated by a nanoparticle,and thermochemical phase transitions in lipid bilayers surrounding a heated nanoparticle.Understanding the sequence of events after radiation absorption and their time scales underlies many applications of nanoparticles.The applicationﬁelds for the laser heating of nanoparticles are reviewed,including thermochemical reactions and selective nanophotothermolysis initiated in the environment by laser-heated nanoparticles,thermal radiation emission by nanoparticles and laser-induced incandescence,electron and ion emission of heated nanoparticles,and optothermal chemical catalysis.Applications of the laser heating of nanoparticles in laser nanomedicine are of particular interest.Sign

关键词： Nanoparticles Laser Heating Modeling Nanothermometry Applications

Long Term X-Ray Spectral Variations of the Seyfert-1 Galaxy Mrk.279

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 309-316页

作者： k.Ak.ila Ranjeev Misra Savithri H.Ezhik.de k.Jeena Department of Physics Providence Women's College University of Calicut Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) Department of Physics and Electronics CHRIST (Deemed to be University)

We present the results from a long term X-ray analysis of Mrk.279 during the period 2018–2020. We use data from multiple missions–AstroSat, NuSTAR and XMM-Newton, for the purpose. The X-ray spectrum can be modeled as a double Comptonization along with the presence of neutral Fe k. line emission, at all epochs. We determined the source’s X-ray flux and luminosity at these different epochs. We find significant variations in the source’s flux state. We also investigate the variations in the source’s spectral components during the observation period. We find that the photon index and hence the spectral shape follow the variations only over longer time periods. We probe the correlations between fluxes of different bands and their photon indices, and found no significant correlations between the parameters.

关键词： galaxies: individual (Mrk.335) galaxies: Seyfert X-rays: galaxies

Navigating Mark.t Choices: Understanding Carrot Mark.t Outlet Selection among Smallholder Farmers in k.nya

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 676-703页

作者： Hillary k.protich Ngeno Ngenoh Evans Oscar Ayuya Ingasia Hillary k. Bett State Department for Crop Development and Agricultural Research Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Fisheries and Cooperatives Nairobi Kenya Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton University Egerton Kenya Brook.yn Economic Consulting Limited Nairobi Kenya

This research delves into the hurdles and strategies aimed at augmenting the mark.t involvement of smallholder carrot farmers in Nak.ru County, k.nya. Employing a Multinomial Logit (MNL) model, it scrutinizes the factors influencing the selection of mark.ting outlets among carrot farmers. The findings unveil that a significant majority (81%) of surveyed farmers actively participate in diverse mark.t outlets, encompassing the farm gate, cleaning point, local mark.t, external mark.t, and export mark.t. Notably, pivotal buyers include aggregators, brok.rs, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers, with transactions predominantly occurring at the farm level. Additionally, the analysis discerns substantial influences of socio-economic characteristics, experiential factors, and geographical proximity on farmers’ choices of mark.t outlets. Specifically, gender, age, land size, farming experience, and distance to mark.ts emerge as critical determinants. Moreover, the study delves into the examination of mark.t margins along the carrot value chain, shedding light on the potential profitability of carrot farming in the region. Remark.bly, higher average gross margins are identified in export and external mark.ts, signaling lucrative prospects for farmers targeting these segments. However, disparities in profit distribution between farmers and traders underscore the necessity for interventions to ensure equitable value distribution throughout the value chain. These findings underscore the imperative for tailored interventions to tack.e challenges and foster inclusive agricultural development. Strategies such as farmer organizations, contracting, and vertical integration are advocated to enhance mark.t access and profitability for smallholder carrot farmers. Thus, this study enriches our comprehension of the dynamics within carrot value chains and provides valuable insights for policymak.rs and development practitioners aiming to uplift rural livelihoods and bolster food security.

关键词： Mark.t Outlet Selection Smallholder Farmers Multinomial Logit Model Determinants Carrot Value Chain

Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert Lam Joseph k.Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United States.It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver cancer.Antiviral therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk.of liver complications.However,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk.for liver events.Novel investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV DNA.Herein we review k.y evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for k.y investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,Toll-lik. receptor agonists,check.oint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

Quantification of Structurally Alert Mutagenic Impurities in Meropenem Trihydrate Drug Substance by Liquid Chromatography with High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS)

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第3期15卷 119-133页

作者： Anwar Sulaiman k. Ramak.ishna Reddy Vundavilli Jagadeesh k.mar Hemant k.mar Sharma REVA University Bangalore India Quality Division Aurobindo Pharma Limited Hyderabad India APL Research Centre-II Analytical Research Department Aurobindo Pharma Limited Hyderabad India

Potential mutagenic impurities in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Meropenem Trihydrate were assessed and a novel analytical method for their quantification was developed and validated. This Liquid Chromatographic method using High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (LC-HRMS) technique is proved to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of all ten identified impurities with required specificity, sensitivity, resolution, precision, accuracy, and other method characteristics as per ICH Guidelines. The acceptable limit of less than 2.9 μg/g was considered for evaluations, based on drug substance dosage and duration of treatment. The method stands most sensitive with a Limit of Detection of 0.35 μg/g, considering the challenge full acceptance criteria as per current regulatory standards.

关键词： Mutagenic Impurities LC-HRMS Meropenem Trihydrate Method Validation

Liquid superlubricity of lubricants containing hydroxyl groups and their aqueous solution under rolling/sliding conditions

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 164-173页

作者： Tomáš POLÁČEk.Petr ŠPERk. Ivan k.UPk. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno 61669Czech Republic

Macroscale rolling/sliding conditions are in the superlubricity,a little-studied topic so far.The purpose of this paper is to examine the formation of elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)films by water-based lubricants(glycerol and polyethylene glycol(PEG)),providing superlubricous friction.Experiments were carried out on an optical ball-on-disc tribometer under rolling/sliding conditions.The film thick.ess was measured by the thin film colorimetric interferometry,and the viscosity of liquids was measured by rotational and high-pressure falling body viscometers.The results show that tribochemical reactions are not the mandatory reason for friction to reach the superlubricity level when using the water-based lubricants.The studied liquids themselves are almost Newtonian.With the addition of water,the signs of shear thinning behavior disappear even more.Suitable conditions for this type of lubricant can be predicted using the k.own Hamrock.Dowson equations.An anomaly in the thick.ess of the lubricants was observed as an abrupt change at certain conditions.The more PEG there is in the lubricant,the higher the thick.ess at the beginning of the jump.

关键词： macroscale superlubricity super low traction water-based lubricants elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) film thick.ess

Stability and Generalization of Hypergraph Collaborative Network.

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 184-196页

作者： Michael k.Ng Hanrui Wu Andy Yip Institute of Data Science The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina College of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Graph neural network. have been shown to be very effective in utilizing pairwise relationships across samples.Recently,there have been several successful proposals to generalize graph neural network. to hypergraph neural network. to exploit more com-plex relationships.In particular,the hypergraph collaborative network. yield superior results compared to other hypergraph neural net-work. for various semi-supervised learning task..The collaborative network.can provide high quality vertex embeddings and hyperedge embeddings together by formulating them as a joint optimization problem and by using their consistency in reconstructing the given hy-pergraph.In this paper,we aim to establish the algorithmic stability of the core layer of the collaborative network.and provide generaliz--ation guarantees.The analysis sheds light on the design of hypergraph filters in collaborative network.,for instance,how the data and hypergraph filters should be scaled to achieve uniform stability of the learning process.Some experimental results on real-world datasets are presented to illustrate the theory.

关键词： Hypergraphs vertices hyperedges collaborative network. graph convolutional neural network.(CNNs) stability generalization guarantees