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World Journa. of a.DS 2020年第2期10卷 80-93页

作者： Ben Ilunga.Bula.da.Berry Ik.la.go Bongenya.a.a.a.e Cha.te Elvis Tshunza.k.teba.Jea.-Yves Debels k.ba.ele Méda.d Ok.nda.Oma.0}y Divine Chuga.Christia. Tshibumbu idriss Mwa.a.t Erick.Nta.bwe k.ma.gu Resea.ch Group “Focus HIV/a.DS” Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo University Institute of Sciences a.d Technologies of a.éché Abéché Chad Service of Molecula. Biochemistry Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

The Huma. Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ha. a.diversity tha. is equa. to the complexity of its ma.a.ement. The group M (Ma.or) is the domina.t group in Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.a.d its distribution is very heterogeneous;the diversity of the virus is more heterogeneous in this region tha. elsewhere in the world which follows a.complex a.d specific a.gorithm beca.se of geogra.hica. positions a.d countries. This distribution is very dyna.ic, evolving a.d unpredicta.le. This review a.med to expose the specifics of the HIV Type 1 epidemic in Centra. a.rica. in terms of the different molecula. va.ia.ts of HIV published for the region compa.ed to the geogra.hic loca.ion. Both Type 1 a.d Type 2 of HIV a.e preva.ent in sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.due to distinct geogra.hica. contexts. HIV-2 is ma.nly documented in West a.d Centra. a.rica. pa.ticula.ly in Ca.eroon, Guinea.Bissa., Ga.bia. Senega., Ivory Coa.t a.d Burk.na.Fa.o however HIV-1 infection is widely distributed a.ross the continent. The HIV-1 epidemic in Sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.is domina.ed by the Group M. The different subtypes respect a.certa.n geogra.hica. distribution a.ross the continent. West a.rica.is domina.ed by subtype a. Ea.t a.d South a.rica.a.e domina.ed by subtype C, while Centra. a.rica.is domina.ed by stra.ns a. C, D, F, H, J, CRF01-a. a.d CRF02-a.. This review is the first to present de molecula. diversity of HIV-1 in metropolita. cities in a.l centra. a.rica. countries. The Circula.ing Recombina.t Form (CRF02_a.) a.d subtypes a.a.d G a.e present in a.l Centra. a.rica. countries a.d a.e a.so the most commonly encountered;followed by the subtypes D, F, G, C, B, J, k.a.d severa. Circula.ing Recombina.t Forms tha. a.e not represented in a.l Centra. a.rica. countries.

关键词： Molecula. Diversity HIV Sub-Sa.a.a. Countries Metropolita. Cities

Tuberculosis infection prevention a.d control:why we need a.whole systems a.proa.h

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Infectious Disea.es of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 97-100页

作者： k.rina.k.elma.n a.ron S.k.ra. Gimenne Zwa.a.Christopher Colvin a.ison Swa.tz a.na.S.Voce Tom a.Ya.es Ha.ley Ma.Gregor Nick. McCreesh idriss k.llon a.na.Va.sa.l Indira.Govender Ja.et Seeley a.ison D.Gra.t The Institute for Globa. Hea.th a.d Development Queen Margaret UniversityEdinburgh EH216UUUK TB Centre London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Division of Socia. a.d Beha.ioura. Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Discipline Public Hea.th Medicine School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa Depa.tment of Infectious Disea.e Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK The Institute of Development Studies University of SussexBrightonUK Depa.tment of Globa. Hea.th a.d Development Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK a.rica.Hea.th Resea.ch Institute School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Public Hea.th Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Infection prevention a.d control(IPC)mea.ures to reduce tra.smission of drug-resista.t a.d drug-sensitive tuberculosis(TB)in hea.th fa.ilities a.e well described but poorly *** implementa.ion of TB IPC ha. been a.sessed prima.ily through qua.tita.ive a.d structured a.proa.hes tha. trea. a.ministra.ive,environmenta.,a.d persona. protective mea.ures a. discrete *** present a. on-going project entitled Umoya.omuhle(“good a.r”),conducted in two provinces of South a.rica.tha. a.opts a. interdisciplina.y,‘whole systems’a.proa.h to problem a.a.ysis a.d intervention development for reducing nosocomia. tra.smission of Mycoba.terium tuberculosis(Mtb)through improved *** suggest tha. TB IPC represents a.complex intervention tha. is delivered within a.dyna.ic context sha.ed by policy guidelines,hea.th fa.ility spa.e,infra.tructure,orga.isa.ion of ca.e,a.d ma.a.ement *** dra.n from epidemiology,a.thropology,a.d hea.th policy a.d systems resea.ch ena.le rich contextua. a.a.ysis of how nosocomia. Mtb tra.smission occurs,a. well a. opportunities to a.dress the problem holistica.ly.a.whole systems’a.proa.h ca. identify levera.e points within the hea.th fa.ility infra.tructure a.d orga.isa.ion of ca.e tha. ca. inform the design of interventions to reduce the risk.of nosocomia. Mtb tra.smission.

关键词： Drug-resista.t tuberculosis Infection prevention a.d control Hea.th system South a.rica

Compa.ison of the Effectiveness of Different Tra.itiona. Soa.0}ng Processes on the in Vitro Digestibility of Ta.o(Coloca.ia.esculenta.***)Flour

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Food a.d Nutrition Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 258-263页

作者： Ima. Djibrine Soudy La.rent a.ves de Oliveira.Nicola. Lima. Nzouzi Ma.a.ou Godefroy Izzedine a.dela.iz a.a.a.Ousma.e Da.a. a.teib Djidda.a.ha.j a.fa.ouk. Ouma. idriss Bruno Eto Denis Gra.cher Institut Universita.re des Sciences et Techniques AbéchéTchad Biotechnopole Institut de Recherche en Elevage pour le DéveloppementN’DjamenaTchad La.ora.oires TBC Tra.sCell-La. Facultéde Médecine Xavier BichatUniversité Paris-Diderot Paris 7ParisFrance La.ora.oire de Nutrition et a.imenta.ion VetAgro Sup-Campus VétérinaireUniversitéde LyonLyonFrance

a.tra.itiona. process used by fa.mers in Cha. consists in soa.0}ng slices of ta.o (Coloca.ia.esculenta.L. SCHOTT) in ta.a.ind infusion, or in corn solution or in wa.er over a.24-hour period to reduce the a.ridity of ta.o a.d fa.ilita.e cook.ng. The a.m of this study wa. to a.sess the effect of tra.itiona. soa.0}ng on the in vitro digestibility of ta.o flour using or not using a. α-a.yla.e enzyme. The digestion without the enzyme ha. shown tha. the soa.0}ng processes improve the digestibility of ta.o flour (from 39.30% for the control sa.ple to 75.11% (a.ter ta.a.ind infusion) a.d 78.67% (trea.ment with wa.er) a.ter 24 hours of soa.0}ng). Soa.0}ng over a.6-hour period a.d preferentia.ly in ta.a.ind infusion or in corn solution obta.ns highly digestible flour (a.ound 95% of digestibility ra.e a.ter 3 hours of enzyma.ic digestion).

关键词： Coloca.ia.esculenta.L.SCHOTT Soa.0}ng Corn Zea.ma.s L. Ta.a.ind Ta.a.indus indica.L. In Vitro Di-gestibility a.yla.e

Determina.ion of Photon a.d Elementa.y Pa.ticles Rest Ma.ses Using Ma.well’s Equa.ions a.d Genera.ized Potentia. Dependent Specia. Rela.ivity

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Na.ura. Science 2020年第8期12卷 588-598页

作者： a.eer Moha.med k.a.ry a.med Ma.ha.r a.med Moha.med Yousif Za.na. Musta.ha.k.ra.a.Zoa.noon a.med a.eid a.la. Sa.d Suha.r Sa.ih Ma.0}wy Moha.med idriss Moha.med Muba.a.0}Dira. a.d-a.la.Sa.i a.da.la.Elba.a.i Moha.ed Depa.tmentof Physics Faculty of Art and Science at AL Muznab AL Qassim University AL Muznab Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Physics Faculty of Science and Education at Alkhurma Taif University Alkhurma Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Physics School of Science Education Saadatu Rimi College of Education Kumbosto Kano Nigeria Depa.tmentof Physics Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dhahran Aljanoub King Khalid University Dahran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Physics Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Physics Faculty of Science Sudan University of Science and Technology Khartoum Sudan Depa.tment of Physics Faculty of Education Gadarif University Gadarif Sudan

The na.ure a.d origin of the photon a.d elementa.y rest ma.ses a.e some of the cha.leng-ing problems tha. physics fa.e. The a.proa.hes used to solve these problems a.e complex a.d time-consuming. Specifica.ly, the photon rest ma.s pa.s a.tention to theoretica. physi-cists. Ma.y experimenta. work. show tha. the photon rest ma.s is non zero. This problem ca. be solved using genera.ized potentia. dependent specia. rela.ivity, which ha. been de-rived using simple a.guments, a.d Ma.well’s equa.ions, besides the conventiona. Einstein energy-momentum rela.ion. The results obta.ned show tha. the rest ma.s of photons a.d elementa.y pa.ticles a.e strongly dependent on the va.uum energy a.d a.universa. con-sta.t. This result conforms with the models tha. predict time deca.ing va.uum energy a.-socia.ed with production of sma.ler rest ma.s pa.ticles followed by la.ger ma.ses. The two potentia. dependent ma.s expressions conform with the cosmologica. models tha. suggest the photon is genera.ed first by a.suming the universe consisting of tota. consta.t va.uum with deca.ing cosmologica. pa.t a.d ma.s genera.ing pa.t. Using Ma.well’s equa.ions, beside pla.k.a.d De Broglie hypothesis together with specia. rela.ivity energy-momentum rela.ion the photon rest ma.s is estima.ed. It wa. shown tha. the photon rest ma.s is ex-tremely sma.l compa.ed to the electron ma.s.

关键词： Photon Elementa.y Pa.ticles Ma.well’s Equa.ions Potentia. Dependent Specia. Rela.ivity Va.uum Energy

Heterotopia.Ba.ilingua. Thyroid Goiter: a.Ca.e Ra.port

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Otola.yngology a.d Hea. & Neck.Surgery 2021年第3期10卷 158-163页

作者： Da.i Moha.ed Elmocta. a.del Veta. La.our Cheik. Sidi La.ine k.ita.S. M. Jiyide S. B. Cheik.na.Ma.iem a.iza.Sa.s a.del Moumine a.medou Moula.e idriss Tfeil Ya.ya ENT Depa.tment CHN Nouakchott Nouakchott Mauritania Genera. Surgery Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine Nouakchott UNA Urology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Nouakchott UNA

Thyroid heterotopia.is a. a.norma. loca.iza.ion of norma. thyroid tissue coexisting with a.norma. orga. a.d of norma. loca.iza.ion. It is distinguished from ectopic thyroid a.d thyroid ca.cer meta.ta.is. Lingua. or sublingua. thyroid is defined a. the presence of thyroid tissue in the midline a. the ba.e of the tongue a.ywhere between the circumva.la.e pa.illa. a.d the epiglottis. The preva.ence of lingua. thyroid is 1 in 100,000, a.d it is more common in women, with a.fema.e to ma.e ra.io ra.ging from 3:1 to 7:1. Embryologica.ly, the thyroid origina.es a. the fora.en cecum, which is loca.ed a. the junction of the a.terior two thirds with the posterior one-third of the tongue, report a.ca.e of a.goiter on a.heterotopic ba.ilingua. thyroid tissue ca.sing dyspha.ia.in a.58-yea.-old woma. opera.ed in the ENT depa.tment of the CHN in Noua.0}hott, Ma.rita.ia. the thyroid origin of the ma.s wa. confirmed by histology.

关键词： Ba.ilingua. Goiter Heterotopia Noua.0}hott

政府教育机构在塞拉利昂实现可持续发展方面的作用 ——教育部的案例研究

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政府教育机构在塞拉利昂实现可持续发展方面的作用 ——教育部的...

作者：伊德里斯艾什卡科罗马（k.ROMa.idriss ESHEk.）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

尽管世界上大多数政府主要关注政策,但在世界上大多数欠发达国家,教育需求正变得越来越重要。目前,塞拉利昂政府正在致力于各种项目,以提高世界各地教育的质量,同时促进更高效的教育机构在资源分配和问责制的基础上创新并积极响应有意... 详细信息

尽管世界上大多数政府主要关注政策,但在世界上大多数欠发达国家,教育需求正变得越来越重要。目前,塞拉利昂政府正在致力于各种项目,以提高世界各地教育的质量,同时促进更高效的教育机构在资源分配和问责制的基础上创新并积极响应有意义的绩效。本研究的主要目的是探讨主管教育的政府机构在实现可持续发展中所扮演的角色。本研究的主要观点是,确保可持续性的政策的成功实施将关键取决于负责教育的政府机构。制度是一种正式的法律和非正式的规范,在为国家经济增长的不同部门提供人力资源时,约束和形成经济决策。用于评估负责教育的政府机构在实现可持续发展方面所发挥的作用的指标包括:工人对可持续发展的各种看法、确定提供的各种工作、确定提供的各种工作的相关性以及确定教育部所发挥的作用。教育促进可持续发展。本研究的一些意义包括:本研究的结果对塞拉利昂的各种利益相关者、工人、学生和普通民众都很有用;因为他们将能够从理论上利用本研究来确定教育科技部(MEST)在促进可持续发展方面的各种贡献。t.本研究的结果也将有助于政府、国际机构、地方当局、政府组织和与教育有关的发展伙伴等规划塞拉利昂的教育机构;本研究的结果也将对部长、行政人员的所有人很重要。私营教育机构和公共教育机构;因为它们能够利用政府机构的贡献,并能够在塞拉利昂实现可持续发展方面做好规划。其中一些建议包括:中央政府、地方总干事、区议会、非政府组织(NGO)和其他处理教育问题的组织应继续投资,给予额外支持,并努力与教育科技部在或发展各种可持续发展工作或项目,为实现可持续发展提供充分支持;因为当今可持续发展注重可持续成功。此外,政府应支持教育科学技术部,作为塞拉利昂唯一一个向全国人民提供积极教育支持的教育部。这将使该部有能力加强与促进该国可持续发展有关的有效计划、活动或工作。根据与具体目标相关的调查结果得出的一些结论或主要结果包括:选择了100名受访者。在样本中,机构中的工人是被调查者人数最多的。男女人数相等,这意味着这项研究不偏向性别。本研究使用SPSS测试变量之间的平稳性。各种工作的相关性与其他因素没有统计学意义上的相关性。虽然该机构所扮演的角色仅在统计上与提供的各种工作负相关。此外,对工人和提供的各种工作的看法之间有显著的正相关。结果表明,9.5%的模型解释了反应的可变性。这意味着对工人的感知和提供的各种工作之间的相关性很弱,10.4%的模型解释了反应的可变性。结果表明,因变量约占方差的22.8%。这意味着22.8%的可持续发展变量的变化是由于制度所扮演的角色、工作的相关性和对可持续发展的认识。综上所述,研究表明,政府机构在实现可持续发展中所起的作用具有多种因素,具有高度的多维性。政府应促进建立一个共同的社会和全球可持续发展愿景。这样的愿景可以在自然世界的生物物理约束下,以公平和公平的方式为所有人类、其他物种和脆弱的后代提供经济繁荣。认识到负责教育的政府机构是实现可持续发展不可或缺的要素。其目的是将可持续发展的原则、价值观和实践融入教育和学习的各个方面。可持续发展战略强调了教育作为促进行为变化和为公民提供实现可持续发展所需的关键能力的先决条件的作用。同时,教育科技部必须采取国家战略,为塞拉利昂人民提供高质量的就业机会,同时建立促进优质劳动力的国家中间力量,使可持续的就业机会向所有人和各种人开放,提高该国的就业水平和发展水平。他们的教育标准反映了对实现可持续性的更高关注。这项研究有几个局限性,这可能导致未来研究的机会。本研究调查了政府机构在小发展中国家,特别是塞拉利昂实现可持续发展和可持续经济增长方面所发挥的作用。总体而言,该研究是基于该国的宏观经济数据和可持续性。为实现这一目标,研究表明,塞拉利昂等发展中国家负责教育的政府机构对可持续经济增长具有重要意义。这表明,未来对负责小发展中国家教育和可持续经济增长的政府机构的研究应包括可持续发展教育(ESD)。考察它们对经济增长的重要影响。此外,为了看到负责教育的政府机构与可持续经济增长之间的差距。

关键词：政府机构可持续发展经济发展经济增长社会经济

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强震作用下土-桩-结构系统的研究

世界地震工程 1984年第1期 64-72页

作者： Peter a.nold R.G.Bea.I.M.idriss R.B.Reimer k.E.Beebe P.W.Ma.sha.l 杨亚弟

主要的研究目的及内容在地震工程技术范围和规范选择及设计过程中,SPSS工作的核心问题是承受强烈地震震动的桩基式海洋平台的非线性动力分析。SPSS工作的最终目的是改进工程上的判断分析能力和基础,使平台设计者能更好地估计结构损伤及... 详细信息

主要的研究目的及内容在地震工程技术范围和规范选择及设计过程中,SPSS工作的核心问题是承受强烈地震震动的桩基式海洋平台的非线性动力分析。SPSS工作的最终目的是改进工程上的判断分析能力和基础,使平台设计者能更好地估计结构损伤及破坏的可能性

关键词：单元特性土壤单元反应分析非弹性土坡自由场地面运动参数土壤系统结构系统

Profiling a.d Determina.ts of Impa.red Lipid Profile Pa.a.eters a.ong Brea.t Ca.cer Women of Childbea.ing a.e Living in Doua.a. Ca.eroon

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Journa. of Biosciences a.d Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 193-211页

作者： idriss Nta.ou Lemouchele Suzi Pa.ca.e Mbouga.g Esther Dina.Bell Loick.Pra.el k.jom Fok. Eric Fouelifa.k.Nzek. Cecile Ok.lla.Ebongue Jea. Pierre Nda.Mefo’o Ma.tin Luther k.a.ga.Mogtomo Rosa.ie a.ne Ngono Nga.e Depa.tment of Biochemistry Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Depa.ment of Biologica. Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Douala Douala Cameroon Genera. Hospita. Doua.a Douala Cameroon Depa.ment of a.ima. Orga.isms Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Objective: Brea.t ca.cer in women of childbea.ing a.e (WCBa. is a.ma.or public hea.th concern. This study a.med to determine va.ia.ion a.d determina.ts in lipid profile a.ong Ca.eroonia. WCBa.dia.nosed with brea.t ca.cer. Ma.eria.s a.d Methods: a.ca.e-control study took.pla.e a. two reference hospita.s in Doua.a. Ca.eroon. a.tota. of 176 WCBa.(88 ca.es a.d 88 controls) were fina.ly enrolled. Interviewer-a.ministered questionna.res were used to collect sociodemogra.hic, beha.ioura., clinica. a.d a.thropometric da.a. Three millilitres of venous blood were collected for a.a.ysis of tota. cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) a.d triglycerides (TG). Results: Overweight wa. predomina.tly seen in ca.es a.d controls. Serum levels of TC a.d LDL-c were significa.tly lower in ca.cer women (167.02 ± 45.46 vs 183.12 ± 27.38 mg/dL, p = 0.005 for TC;85.83 ± 40.34 vs 105.25 ± 29.95 mg/dL, p = 0.0004 for LDL-c), while HDL-c levels were higher in controls (45.09 ± 7.20 vs 38.24 ± 11.14 mg/dL, p Conclusion: This study suggests the influence of brea.t ca.cer on lipid profile pa.a.eters especia.ly HDL-c a.d LDL-c, a.d possibly their puta.ive clinica. utility for ea.ly dia.nosis in premenopa.sa. women in Ca.eroon.

关键词： Brea.t Ca.cer Women of Childbea.ing a.e Lipoprotein Impa.rment Determina.ts Ca.eroon

Emergency Tra.heotomy: Nine Yea.s Experiences in Na.iona. Center Hospita. of Noua.0}hott, Ma.rita.ia

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Open Journa. of Emergency Medicine 2021年第2期9卷 11-17页

作者： Da.i Moha.ed Elmocta. Cheik. Sidi Sidi Moha.ed Jiyide La.ine Moha.edou k.ita.Ma.iem a.iza.Sa.s Leziza.Sa.s Sidi Bra.im La.our a.del Va.a. Jiddou S. Ba.a.T’feil Ya.ya.a.medou Moula.e idriss Ma.foudh Moha.ed Va.l ENT Depa.tment CHN Nouakchott Mauritania Ophtha.mology Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Nouakchott Mauritania Urology Depa.tment Medicine Faculty Nouakchott Mauritania Genera. Surgery Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Nouakchott Mauritania a.esthesia.Depa.tment Faculty of Medicine Nouakchott Mauritania

Introduction: Tra.heotomy is a.commonly performed procedure, but with very la.ge dispa.ities a.cording to the tea.s, both in terms of frequency a.d moda.ity (percuta.eous or surgica.), tra.heotomy ha. been evolved with medica. a.va.ces. The objective of this study wa. to cla.ify the indica.ions a.d complica.ions of emergency tra.heotomies a. the Na.iona. hospita. center (CHN) in Noua.0}hott Ma.rita.ia. Ma.eria.s a.d Methods: It is a.retrospective study of tra.heotomies performed in the ENT depa.tment of the CHN during the period from Ja.ua.y 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. The indica.ions a.d complica.ions were noted, a. well a. the moda.ities a.d time of deca.nula.ion. Results: Tra.heotomy wa. motiva.ed by upper a.rwa. obstruction (Ua.) in 139 (94%) ca.es (mea. a.e 32.5 yea.s), or the need for prolonged ventila.ion in 8 pa.ients (media. a.e 46 yea.s). Sixteen (7%) ea.ly complica.ions were noted with 5 untimely deca.nula.ions including one fa.a. a.d 5 obstructive plug responsible for a.other dea.h. Six pneumothora. wa. observed. Fifteen (26%) la.e complica.ions required a.ditiona. surgery;7% (n = 11) of pa.ients were deca.nula.ed with a.mea. dura.ion of tra.heotomy 26 months. In 19 (28%) ca.es of deca.nula.ions, the persistence of a.tra.heocuta.eous fistula.required surgery. Conclusion: Emergency tra.heotomy is a.surviva. gesture tha. is sure to be effective. a.tra.heotomy is not deprived of complica.ions. Fa.ilia.ity with the technique, the right choice of equipment, perfect k.owledge of the a.a.omica. rela.ionships of the tra.hea. rigorous monitoring a.d postopera.ive ca.e represent the ma.n conditions for minimizing the risk.of complica.ions.

关键词： Emergency Tra.hea Tra.heotomy Complica.ions Ma.rita.ia