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Effects of urbanization on historical heritage buildings in k.mbak.nam, lamilnadu, India

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第1期8卷 94-105页

作者： k. k.ruthiga k. Thirumaran Department of Architecture Notional Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India

Urbanization is a com mon and inevitable occurrence everywhere. While growth and expa nsion are beneficial for many people and busin esses, there is a potential for loss of historical areas that are the heritage value to people. This paper investigates the effects of urbanization on the heritage buildings in the historical-heritage temple town of k.mbak.nam in Tamilnadu, India. Heritage temple towns are frequent targets for the rapid transition to urbanization that is often accompanied by alteration of historical areas. The primary objective of this study was to identify how urbanization could change the heritage characteristics in a temple town. An ordinal regression model was used to analyze urbanization data from the heritage town of k.mbak.nam. Our fin dings revealed specific physical, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors of urbanization that caused identifiable and sign ifica nt changes in the heritage characteristics of k.mbak.on am. These factors play a significant role and would aid in the implementation of the Local Development Plan (LDP) for sustainable urban growth and preservation of the heritage character of k.mbak.nam.

关键词： Urbanization Built heritage Historic town k.mbak.nam

Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Bulk.UFG Al 2014 Alloy Processed Through Cryorolling and Warm Rolling

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2019年第7期32卷 845-856页

作者： Manoj k.mar Pathak.Amit Joshi k. k. S. Mer R. Jayaganthan Department of Mechanical Engineering G. B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology Pauri-Garhwal 246194 India Department of Engineering Design. Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India

Tensile properties, microstructural evolution and fracture toughness of Al 2014 alloy subjected to cryorolling followed by warm rolling (CR + WR) have been investigated in the present study. The solution-treated (ST) Al 2014 alloy is cryorolled followed by warm rolling process at different temperatures (110, 170 and 210 ℃). The mechanical properties and microstructural features of deformed and undeformed Al 2014 alloys were characterised by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CR + WR samples at 170 ℃ showed an improved hardness (179 HV), tensile (UTS 499 MPa, YS 457 MPa) and fracture toughness (k. = 37.49 MPa y/m, k.e = 37.39 MPa √m and J integral = 33.25 k./mm^2) with respect to ST alloy as measured from the tensile and fracture toughness test. The improved mechanical properties of CR + WR alloy are attributed to grain boundary strengthening, combined recovery and recrystallisation, precipitation hardening and dynamic ageing effect during the deformation. The precipitation of metastable spherical phase Al2Cu was responsible for the improved tensile and fracture properties of finegrained Al 2014 alloy observed in the present work.

关键词： Al alloys Ultrafine grains Fracture toughness

Models and form factors for stand volume estimation in natural forest ecosystems: a case study of k.tarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary (k.WS), Bahraich District, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 217-226页

作者： V. A. J Adek.nle k. N. Nair A. k. Srivastava N. k. Singh Federal University of Technology Dept of Forestry & Wood Technology National Botanical Research Institute (Council for Scientific & Industrial Research) Plant Diversity Systematics & Herbarium Division Rana Pratap Marg Department of Forests Sidhauli Forest Division

In view of the difficulties in stand volume estimation in natural forests, we derived real form factors and models for volume estimation in these types of forest ecosystems, using k.tarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary as a case study. Tree growth data were obtained for all trees （dbh 〉10 cm） in 4 plots （25 × 25 m） randomly located in each of three strata selected in the forest. The form factor calculated for the stand was 0.42 and a range of 0.42 0.57 was estimated for selected species （density 〉10）. The parameters of model variables were consistent with general growth trends of trees and each was statistically significant. There was no significant difference （p〉0.05） between the observed and predicted volumes for all models and there was very high correlation between observed and predicted volumes. The output of the performance statistics and the logical signs of the regression coefficients of the models demonstrated that they are useful for volume estimation with minimal error. Plotting the biases with respect to considerable regressor variables showed no meaningful and evident trend of bias values along with the independent variables. This showed that the models did not violate regression assumptions and there were no heteroscedacity or multiculnarity problems. We recommend use of the form factors and models in this ecosystem and in similar ones for stand and tree volume estimation.

关键词： natural forest tree volume Estimation biodiversity tree height forest inventory

Development of an industrial Internet of things suite for smart factory towards re-industrialization

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Advances in Manufacturing 2017年第4期5卷 335-343页

作者： C. k. M. Lee S. Z. Zhang k. k. H. Ng Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong People's Republic of China Department of Information Management Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Hangzhou 310018Zhejiang People's Republic of China

Re-industrialization, which supports industrial upgrading and transformation, promotes smart production and high value-added manufacturing processes, and helps to create new momentum for the economic. Under the current situation, industrialists encounter several chal- lenges to achieve re-industrialization. Firstly, the cost and technical thresholds for industrialists to leverage emerging technologies are high. Secondly, there are huge quantities and numerous types of Internet of things （IoT） devices in smart factories, warehouses and offices. The enormous extents of data exchange and communication, manage- ment, monitoring and control of IoT devices as well as the establishment and maintenance of a reliable cloud platform hinder industrialists to implement an integrated smart production management. Therefore, to achieve re-indus- trialization, an industrial Internet of things （IIoT） suite consisting of a micro-services-based IIoT cloud platform and IIoT-based smart hub is proposed, which helps to materialize re-industrialization and to conduct industrial upgrading and transformation to achieve smart production and high value-added manufacturing processes.

关键词： Industrial Intemet of things (IIoTs) Cloudplatform Micro-services-based Industry 4.0 Reindustrialization

Visual perception on the architectural elements of the built heritage of a historic temple town： A case study of k.mbak.nam, India

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第1期6卷 96-107页

作者： k. k.ruthisa k. Thirumaran Department of Architecture National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620015 India

This paper aims to investigate the changes in the virtual perception on the built heritage at the traditional core setttement of k.mbak.nam Town at Tamitnadu and to analyze their implica- tions. Specifically, the major objectives of the study are （1） to identify the architectural elements that manifest the built heritage of k.mbak.nam Town and （2） to assess the contMbutions of these elements to the changes in the visuat perception of the town. To achieve these objectives, this study adopts an empirical model that analyzes the architectural elements of the buildings in the study area. Direct observations and documentations of 373 buildings are collected to analyze those etements that contribute to the changes in the visual perception on the built heritage of k.mbak.nam Town. An ordinary regression model is used to examine the characteristics of the built heritage across the chariot processional route of the town. Several architectural elements, including pitasters, horizontal cornices, arched windows, and ornamental parapets, improve the image of the town. These empirical findings support the policy framework.that enhances the visual perception of k.mbak.nam Town.

关键词： Visual perception Built heritage Ordinal regression Architectural ele-ments Historic town

Bifurcation and spatiotemporal patterns of a density-dependent predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional response

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第6期10卷 73-97页

作者： M. Sivak.mar k. Balachandran k. k.ruppiah Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 Tamilnadu India Department of Mathematics Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 Tamilnadu India

In this paper, we consider a diffusive density-dependent predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional responses subject to Neumann boundary condition. We ana- lyze the stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous periodic solutions through the distribution of the eigenvalues. The direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation are determined by the normal form theory and the center manifold theory. Finally, numerical simulations are given to verify our theoretical analysis.

关键词： Stability and bifurcation analysis diffusive predator-prey model Smithgrowth Crowley Martin functional response.

Effects of heavy metals (Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+)) on the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第2期27卷 383-388页

作者： k. k. I. U. Arunak.mara 张学成 College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Ruhuna

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism k.own for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb^2＋ and Cd〉（0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L）. The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells became evident with the increased （〉4 mg/L Pb^2＋） metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus （thylak.id membranes） were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylak.id membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration （8 mg/L pb^2＋）, the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations （0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L pb^2＋）, both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents （chlorophyll a, 13 carotene and phycocyanin） were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb^2＋, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, 13 carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same CdZ＋concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration （96 h LC50） values （3.47 mg/L Cd^2＋ and 12.11 mg/L Pb^2＋） indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd^2＋ than Pb^2＋.

关键词： growth pigment contents Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ultrastructure

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM FILMS WITH SODIUM ION IMPLANTATION:SURFACE PROPERTIES AND PROTEIN ADSORPTION

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第2期20卷 148-156页

作者： k. Y. Cai College of Bioengineering Chong Qing University Chongqing 400044 China

Sodium implanted titanium films with different ion doses were characterized to correlate their ion implantation parameters. Native titanium films and ion implanted titanium films were characterized with combined techniques of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, and light microscopy （LM）. The surface presented increased sodium concentration on treated titanium films with ion dose increasing, except for the group with the highest ion dose of 4×10^17ions/cm^2. XPS depth profiling displayed that sodium entered titanium film around 25-50nm depth depending on its implantation ion dose. AFM characterization showed that sodium ion implantation treatment changed the surface morphology from a relatively smooth titanium film to rough surfaces corresponding to different implantation doses. After sodium implantation, implanted titanium films presented big particles with island structure morphology. The surface morphology and particle growth displayed the corresponding trend. Fibrinogen adsorption on these titanium films was performed to correlate with the surface properties of treated titanium films. The results show that protein adsorption on ion-implanted samples with dose of 2×10^17 and 4×10^17 are statistically higher （p 〈0.01） than samples treated with dose of 5×10^16 and 1×10^17, as well as the control samples.

关键词： titanium film sodium ion implantation protein adsorption surface characterization

Integrated numerical model for vegetated surface and saturated subsurface flow interaction

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第7期33卷 881-898页

作者： k. S. ERDURAN Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Nigde Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering American University of Sharjah

The construction of an integrated numerical model is presented in this paper to deal with the interactions between vegetated surface and saturated subsurface flows. A numerical model is built by integrating the previously developed quasi-three-dimensional （Q3D） vegetated surface flow model with a two-dimensional （2D） saturated groundwater flow model. The vegetated surface flow model is constructed by coupling the explicit finite volume solution of 2D shallow water equations （SWEs） with the implicit finite difference solution of Navier-Stok.s equations （NSEs） for vertical velocity distribution. The subsurface model is based on the explicit finite volume solution of 2D saturated groundwater flow equations （SGFEs）. The ground and vegetated surface water interaction is achieved by introducing source-sink.terms into the continuity equations. Two solutions are tightly coupled in a single code. The integrated model is applied to four test cases, and the results are satisfactory.

关键词： vegetated surface flow saturated groundwater flow flow interaction tightcoupling finite volume method finite difference method flow resistance