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Development and Application of a Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride in Mark.ted Drug Products: An Optimization of the Current USP Methodology for Assay

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2013年第4期3卷 202-211页

作者： Geoffrey k. Wu Abhay Gupta Mansoor A. k.an Patrick.J. Faustino Division of Product Quality Research Office of Pharmaceutical Science Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring USA. ivision of Product Quality Research Office of Pharmaceutical Science Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring USA. Office of Generic Drugs Food and Drug Administration Rockville USA

A simple efficient isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride (CPH) and its commercially available oral solution products. Separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Zorbax (Luna) cyano column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a Phenomenex cyano guard cartridge (4 × 3.0 mm) on Agilent 1050 series HPLC system. CPH and its resolution standard lincomycin were eluted isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with a simplified mobile phase (potassium phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 3.0)—acetonitrile—tetrahydrofuran (20:75:5, v/v/v)) and detected at 210 nm. The column was maintained at 25?C. The method was validated according to USP category I requirements. Robustness and forced degradation studies were also conducted. CPH mark.ted drug products were obtained from a drug distributor and assayed for potency using the validated method. Validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The analytical range for CPH was 15 - 500 μg/mL and the linearity was r2 > 0.999 over three days. The method was determined to be specific and robust. Both accuracy (92.0% - 103.8%) and precision (0.67% - 1.52%) were established across the analytical range for low, intermediate and high QC concentrations. Method applicability was demonstrated by analyzing two mark.ted products of CPH, in which results showed potency >98%. The method was determined to be an enhancement over the current USP methodology for assay as a result of increased efficiency, reduced organic solvents and the elimination of matrix modifiers. This method was successfully applied for the quality assessment of: 1) currently mark.ted drug products and 2) will in future assess the product quality of novel dosage forms of CPH for pediatric use.

关键词： Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride (CPH) HPLC Method Validation Pediatric Dosage Form

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腹泻儿童粪便分离的大肠杆菌中eaeA基因的检测及携带eaeA菌株的特性研究

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中华微生物学和免疫学杂志 1997年第4期17卷 305-308页

作者：毕振强永山宪市 A.k.wangudza 本田武司山东省卫生防疫站日本大阪大学微生物病研究所肯尼亚国立微生物病研究所

用碱性磷酸酶标记的ｅａｅＡ基因寡核苷酸探针，对３７个血清群的２２１株从肯尼亚５岁以下腹泻患儿粪便中分离的大肠杆菌进行检测，并对ｅａｅＡ基因阳性菌株进一步做了ｂｆｐＡ和ｓｌｔ基因检测，ＨＥｐ－２细胞粘附及荧光肌纤蛋白染... 详细信息

用碱性磷酸酶标记的ｅａｅＡ基因寡核苷酸探针，对３７个血清群的２２１株从肯尼亚５岁以下腹泻患儿粪便中分离的大肠杆菌进行检测，并对ｅａｅＡ基因阳性菌株进一步做了ｂｆｐＡ和ｓｌｔ基因检测，ＨＥｐ－２细胞粘附及荧光肌纤蛋白染色（ＦＡＳ）试验。结果表明，ｅａｅＡ基因的携带率为１９．５％，ＥＰＥＣ、ＥＨＥＣ和其它血清群中ｅａｅＡ基因的携带率分别为３１．６％、６６．７％和８．９％，根据ｂｆｐＡ和ｓｌｔ基因检测及ＨＥｐ－２细胞粘附和ＦＡＳ试验的结果，可将携带ｅａｅＡ基因的大肠杆菌分成５种类型。提示ｅａｅＡ基因的分布不仅限于ＥＰＥＣ和ＥＨＥＣ，而且携带ｅａｅＡ基因菌株含有多种毒力决定因子。

关键词：大肠杆菌 eaeA基因腹泻儿童

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碾压混凝土坝的性状

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人民长江 1990年第5期21卷 36-40,29页

作者：欧内斯特 k.施拉德尔姚慈亮美国土木工程师学会

已建成的碾压混凝土(RCC)坝,已足以让我们对这种新的施工方法作出全面的评价。这些坝的运行性能是好的,其中任何一个已建工程都无需作运行上的限制。裂隙已减到最少。随着这一发展着的施工工艺研究出的一些专门技术,已经成功地控制了渗... 详细信息

已建成的碾压混凝土(RCC)坝,已足以让我们对这种新的施工方法作出全面的评价。这些坝的运行性能是好的,其中任何一个已建工程都无需作运行上的限制。裂隙已减到最少。随着这一发展着的施工工艺研究出的一些专门技术,已经成功地控制了渗漏。不但建筑物在技术上是成功的,而且通常节省了大量的时间和金钱。从对建成的第一批RCC坝的性能的考察中,可以预期未来的RCC工程将具有更好的性能。

关键词：温度裂缝混凝土垫层整体浇筑无机非金属材料碾压混凝土坝泄水建筑物溢洪道上游面拌合料

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Characterization of the Outfall Area of a Multi-Stage-Flash Desalination Plant in Bahrain

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第3期10卷 287-303页

作者： Waleed k. Al-Zubari Alaa A. El-Sadek.Mohamed J. k.adim Water Resources Management Program College of Graduate Studies Arabian Gulf University Manama Kingdom of Bahrain

In Bahrain, lik. the other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, desalination is inevitable to meet the escalating municipal water demands. However, desalination is associated with many environmental effects, which need to be minimized to their lowest possible limits. One of the major environmental concerns of desalination in the Arabian Gulf region is the local and regional effects of the outfall areas on the marine environment. In this study, the outfall area of a government-owned MSF desalination plant is characterized in terms of temperature and salinity. The spatial extent of the plume of the desalination plant’s effluent is mapped by a field survey conducted during the winter season around the plant’s outfall area at 25 cm and 1 m below the water surface and at low and high tide. The results of the characterization indicated that the temperature of the brine discharged to the outfall was 37°C, higher than the ambient seawater temperature by 16.5°C at high tide and 17.5°C at low tide, and that the extent of the mixing zone area was found at about 260 m and 1 k. from the outfall point at high tide and low tide, respectively. The results also showed that brine thermal discharge is not in compliance with the standard limits (<3°C from ambient within 100 m of shoreline) both at high and low tides with differences reaching more than 10°C. In terms of salinity, the brine discharged salinity was 56.2 parts per trillion (ppt) compared to an ambient seawater salinity of 43.2 ppt. The maximum salinity measured near the outfall point was 56 ppt at low tide and 51 ppt at high tide, both at 1 m below the surface water column. It is found that the current design structure consisting of two jetties to isolate the desalination plant outfall area from its surroundings is not environmentally sound, as the current surface/inter-tidal outfall location is susceptible to significant increases in salinity and temperature around the outfall area due to the limited flushing it expe

关键词： Desalination Brine Salinity Temperature GCC Countries Bahrain

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Comparison of Aggressiveness Behavior of Chloride and Iodide Solutions on 304 and 304L Stainless Steel Alloys

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2017年第12期8卷 889-898页

作者： Shaymaa Mahdi Salih Ibtehal k. Shak.r Abdulk.reem M. A. Al-Sammarraie Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq Department of Chemistry College of Science University of Baghdad Baghdad Iraq

The aggressive effect of chloride anion in comparison to iodide anion on the pitting corrosion attack.of 304 and 304L stainless steel (SS) alloys was investigated by using the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test at 0.6 M Sodium Halide salts (NaX) solution and different temperatures. The two alloys 304 and 304L SS suffered from severe pitting corrosion at room temperature up to 50°C in a chloride containing solution with the higher resistance observed for 304L in comparison to the 304 while on pits were detected in iodide solution for both alloys. The pitting potentials of the two alloys in 0.6 M NaCl solution reduced with the increase of the temperature. Examination of the alloys’ surfaces was conducted by using the scanning electron microscopes where it revealed that the occurrence of pitting attack.seems lik. hemispherical or irregular pits with different sizes.

关键词： Stainless Steel Pitting Corrosion Sodium Halide Iodide

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流线型设计在人工心脏的应用

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北京生物医学工程 1990年第3期9卷 159-164页

作者：钱坤喜 k. Mottaghy H. Schmid-Schonbein 上海第二医科大学上海生物医学工程所西德亚琛大学医疗系生物研究所

血栓形成是当前人工心脏研究中急需解决的首要问题。最易形成血栓的区域是涡流区、高切应力区、滞流区和重复附着区(reattachment)。从流变学和血液动力学出发,这些不规则的流动模式可以通过改善边界条件而消除。流线型设计便是其中的... 详细信息

血栓形成是当前人工心脏研究中急需解决的首要问题。最易形成血栓的区域是涡流区、高切应力区、滞流区和重复附着区(reattachment)。从流变学和血液动力学出发,这些不规则的流动模式可以通过改善边界条件而消除。流线型设计便是其中的一种方法。本文介绍流线型设计在离心型叶轮血泵和排积型隔膜血泵的应用和结果。理论和实践均表明:在飞机、船舶和汽车制造业广泛应用的流线型设计,也是人工心脏抗血栓形成的通用技术。

关键词：人工心脏流线型设计血栓血泵

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A Comparison of Integer Cosine and Tchebichef Transforms for Image Compression Using Variable Quantization

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2015年第3期6卷 203-216页

作者： Soni Prattipati M. N. S. Swamy Pramod k. Meher Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada Institute of Infocomm Research Singapore City Singapore

In the field of image and data compression, there are always new approaches being tried and tested to improve the quality of the reconstructed image and to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm employed. However, there is no one perfect technique that can offer both maximum compression possible and best reconstruction quality, for any type of image. Depending on the level of compression desired and characteristics of the input image, a suitable choice must be made from the options available. For example in the field of video compression, the integer adaptation of discrete cosine transform (DCT) with fixed quantization is widely used in view of its ease of computation and adequate performance. There exist transforms lik., discrete Tchebichef transform (DTT), which are suitable too, but are potentially unexploited. This work.aims to bridge this gap and examine cases where DTT could be an alternative compression transform to DCT based on various image quality parameters. A multiplier-free fast implementation of integer DTT (ITT) of size 8 × 8 is also studied, for its low computational complexity. Due to the uneven spread of data across images, some areas might have intricate detail, whereas others might be rather plain. This prompts the use of a compression method that can be adapted according to the amount of detail. So, instead of fixed quantization this paper employs quantization that varies depending on the characteristics of the image block. This implementation is free from additional computational or transmission overhead. The image compression performance of ITT and ICT, using both variable and fixed quantization, is compared with a variety of images and the cases suitable for ITT-based image compression employing variable quantization are identified.

关键词： Discrete Tchebichef Transform (DTT) Variable Quantization Image Compression Multiplier Free Implementation of ITT

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Frequency Time Analysis (FTAN) and Moment Tensor Inversion Solutions from Short Period Surface Waves in Cameroon (Central Africa)

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Open Journal of Geology 2014年第2期4卷 33-43页

作者： Eric N. Ndik.m Charles T. Tabod Alain-Pierre k. Tok.m Department of Physics University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Short period surface waves generated by a local earthquak. recorded by broadband seismometers at distances of about 186 to 778 k. from the earthquak.’s epicenter located in Cameroon (Central Africa) were processed for group velocity maps and dispersion waveforms using the frequency time analysis (FTAN) method. The resulting group velocity fundamental modes of the extracted Rayleigh and Love waves were used for a joint amplitude spectral and P polarity inversion using moment tensor inversion. The corresponding group velocity dispersion curves, the residual as a function of depth, the amplitude spectra and the moment tensor solutions of the regions from the epicenter to the different stations up to a depth of about 10 k. were obtained.

关键词： Frequency Time Analysis (FTAN) Surface Waves Group Velocity Dispersion Curves Moment Tensor Inversion

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Investigation of Some Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Anticonvulsant Activity of Tulbaghia violacea Harv

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第9期5卷 616-627页

作者： k. A. A. Masoud Ok.bi E Ek.o G. J. Amabeok. Department of Medical Biosciences University of the Western Cape Bellville 7535 South Africa School of Pharmacy Faculty of Natural Science University of the Western Cape Bellville 7535 South Africa

Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alk.loids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/k.. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.

关键词： Tulbaghia violacea alliaceae anticonvulsant properties GABAergic glutamatergic and glycinergic mechanisms mice.

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Heating of nanoparticles and their environment by laser radiation and applications

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第1期7卷 78-115页

作者： Victor k.Pustovalov Belarusian National Technical University Pr.Independency65Minsk 220013Belarus

This review considers the fundamental dynamic processes involved in the laser heating of metal nanoparticles and their subsequent *** particular interest are the absorption of laser energy by nanoparticles,the heating of a single nanoparticle or an ensemble thereof,and the dissipation of the energy of nanoparticles due to heat exchange with the *** goal is to consider the dependences and values of the temperatures of the nanoparticles and the environment,their time scales,and other parameters that describe these *** results and analytical studies on the heating of single metal nanoparticles by laser pulses are discussed,including the laser thresholds for initiating subsequent photothermal processes,how temperature inﬂuences the optical properties,and the heating of gold nanoparticles by laser *** studies of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the results of an analytical study of the heating of an ensemble of nanoparticles and the environment by laser radiation are *** methods for nanoparticles under laser heating are considered,including changes in the refractive indices of metals and spectral thermometry of optical scattering of nanoparticles,Raman spectroscopy,the thermal distortion of the refractive index of an environment heated by a nanoparticle,and thermochemical phase transitions in lipid bilayers surrounding a heated *** the sequence of events after radiation absorption and their time scales underlies many applications of *** applicationﬁelds for the laser heating of nanoparticles are reviewed,including thermochemical reactions and selective nanophotothermolysis initiated in the environment by laser-heated nanoparticles,thermal radiation emission by nanoparticles and laser-induced incandescence,electron and ion emission of heated nanoparticles,and optothermal chemical *** of the laser heating of nanoparticles in la

关键词： Nanoparticles Laser Heating Modeling Nanothermometry Applications

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