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The main physical properties of planosol in maize(Zea mays L.) cultivation under different long-term reduced tillage practices in the Baltic region

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1309-1320页

作者： k?k?stutis romaneckas Egidijus ?arauskis Dovil? Avi?ienyt? Sidona Buragien? David Arney Institute of Agrosystems and Soil Sciences Aleksandras Stulginskis University Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety Aleksandras Stulginskis University Department of Nutrition and Animal Products Quality Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences

The impact of sustainable reduced tillage （RT） on the physical properties of soil is well documented worldwide; however, there is no precise information about the influence of long-term RT or no-till （NT） on the soils at the boundary for grain maize-growing in the semi-humid subarctic climate conditions of the Baltic states, especially on the formation of a hard- ened upper soil layer （10-15 cm in depth） --＂loosening hardpan＂. This study was carried out at the Research Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania from 2009-2012. The investigations were based on a long-term （since 1988） field experiment. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain the influence of reduced primary tillage on the main soil＇s physical properties. This study examined soils that were deep ploughing （DP）, shallow ploughing （SP）, deep cultivation （DC）, shallow cultivation （SC）, and no-till （NT）. Reducing the tillage intensity to NT had no significant effect on the structural soil＇s composition; however, the stability of the structure of the 〉1 and 〉0.25 mm-size fractions was significantly higher in the non-reversibly tilled （DC, SC） and NT plots. The penetration resistance of the DP soils was less after primary tillage and wintering, and became similar to the NT plots at the end of the maize growth season. After primary tillage and wintering, the soil moisture content in the upper soil layer （0-5 cm depth） of the NT plots was 17-49 and 16-18% higher than that in the DP. Long-term reduction of primary tillage up to NT generally had no significant effect on the moisture content and soil bulk density of the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers. The results showed that long-term RT stabilized the physical quality of soil. Less soil penetration resistance was established in the DP plots compared to both RT and NT, however, indicators of the formation of a uniform ＂loosening hardpan＂ layer were not found. It is summarized that long-term RT or NT systems stabilize, or may increase, the physical

关键词： bulk density maize moisture content penetration resistance reduced tillage soil aggregation

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Terahertz structured light:nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第12期11卷 2909-2921页

作者： Rusne Ivaskeviciute-Povilauskiene Paulius kizevicius Ernestas Nacius Domas Jokubauskis kestutis Ikamas Alvydas Lisauskas Natalia Alexeeva Ieva Matulaitiene Vytautas Jukna Sergej Orlov Linas Minkevicius Gintaras Valusis Department of Optoelectronics Center for Physical Sciences and TechnologySauletekio av.3Vilnius 10257Lithuania Department of Fundamental Research Center for Physical Sciences and TechnologySaulėtekio av.3Vilnius 10257Lithuania Institute of Applied Electrodynamics&Telecommunications Vilnius UniversitySaulėtekio av.3Vilnius 10257Lithuania CENTERA Labs. Institute of High Pressure Physics PASul.Sokolowska 29/37Warsaw 01-142Poland Department of Organic Chemistry Center for Physical Sciences and TechnologySaulėtekio av.3Vilnius 10257Lithuania Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology Department of PhysicsVilnius UniversitySaulėtekio av.3Vilnius 10257Lithuania

Structured light–electromagnetic waves with a strong spatial inhomogeneity of amplitude,phase,and polarization–has occupied far-reaching positions in both optical research and ***(THz)waves,due to recent innovations in photonics and nanotechnology,became so robust that it was not only implemented in a wide variety of applications such as communications,spectroscopic analysis,and non-destructive imaging,but also served as a low-cost and easily implementable experimental platform for novel concept *** this work,we show that structured nonparaxial THz light in the form of Airy,Bessel,and Gaussian beams can be generated in a compact way using exclusively silicon diffractive optics prepared by femtosecond laser ablation *** accelerating nature of the generated structured light is demonstrated via THz imaging of objects partially obscured by an opaque beam *** conventional paraxial approaches,when a combination of a lens and a cubic phase(or amplitude)mask creates a nondiffracting Airy beam,we demonstrate simultaneous lensless nonparaxial THz Airy beam generation and its application in imaging *** of single objects,imaging with a controllable placed obstacle,and imaging of stacked graphene layers are presented,revealing hence potential of the approach to inspect quality of 2D *** nonparaxial THz illumination is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with appropriate extensive *** structured THz illumination consistently outperforms the conventional one in resolution and contrast,thus opening new frontiers of structured light applications in imaging and inverse scattering problems,as it enables sophisticated estimates of optical properties of the investigated structures.

关键词： polarization axial optics

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The Global Soil Mycobiome consortium dataset for boosting fungal diversity research

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第6期111卷 573-588页

作者： Leho Tedersoo Vladimir Mikryukov Sten Anslan Mohammad Bahram Abdul Nasir khalid Adriana Corrales Ahto Agan Aída-M.Vasco-Palacios Alessandro Saitta Alexandre Antonelli Andrea C.Rinaldi Annemieke Verbeken Bobby P.Sulistyo Boris Tamgnoue Brendan Furneaux Camila Duarte Ritter Casper Nyamukondiwa Cathy Sharp César Marín D.Q.Dai Daniyal Gohar Dipon Sharmah Elisabeth Machteld Biersma Erin k.Cameron Eske De Crop Eveli Otsing Evgeny A.Davydov Felipe E.Albornoz Francis Q.Brearley Franz Buegger Genevieve Gates Geoffrey Zahn Gregory Bonito Indrek Hiiesalu Inga Hiiesalu Irma Zettur Isabel C.Barrio Jaan Pärn Jacob Heilmann-Clausen Jelena Ankuda John Y.kupagme Joosep Sarapuu Jose G.Maciá-Vicente Joseph Djeugap Fovo József Geml Juha M.Alatalo Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez Jutamart Monkai kadri Põldmaa kadri Runnel kalev Adamson kari A.Bråthen karin Pritsch kassim I.Tchan kęstutis Armolaitis kevin D.Hyde kevin k.Newsham kristel Panksep Lateef A.Adebola Louis J.Lamit Malka Saba Marcela Eda Silva Cáceres Maria Tuomi Marieka Gryzenhout Marijn Bauters Miklós Bálint Nalin Wijayawardene Niloufar Hagh-Doust Nourou S.Yorou Olavi kurina Peter E.Mortimer Peter Meidl RHenrik Nilsson Rasmus Puusepp Rebeca Casique-Valdés Rein Drenkhan Roberto Garibay-Orijel Roberto Godoy Saleh Alfarraj Saleh Rahimlou Sergei Põlme Sergey V.Dudov Sunil Mundra Talaat Ahmed Tarquin Netherway Terry W.Henkel Tomas Roslin Vladimir E.Fedosov Vladimir G.Onipchenko WAErandi Yasanthika Young Woon Lim Meike Piepenbring Darta klavina Urmas kõljalg kessy Abarenkov Mycology and Microbiology Center University of TartuTartuEstonia Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences TartuEstonia Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden Department of Botany University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR(CIMBIUR) Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotáColombia Grupo de Microbiología Ambiental y BioMicro Escuela de MicrobiologíaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeAMedellínColombia Department of Agricultural Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly Royal Botanic Gardens SurreyUK Department of Biomedical Sciences University of CagliariCagliariItaly Research Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Biomedicine Indonesia International Institute for Life SciencesJakartaIndonesia Plant Pathology and Agricultural Zoology Research Unit Department of Plant ProtectionFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Eukaryotic Microbiology University of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe BulawayoZimbabwe Institute of Botany Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Botany Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya MahavidyalayaPondicherry UniversityPort BlairIndia British Antarctic Survey NERCCambridgeUK Natural History Museum of Denmark University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Environmental Science Saint Mary’s UniversityHalifaxNSCanada Altai State University BarnaulRussia CSIRO Land and Water WembleyWAAustralia Department of N

Fungi are highly important biotic components of terrestrial ecosystems,but we still have a very limited understanding about their diversity and *** data article releases a global soil fungal dataset of the Global Soil Mycobiome consortium(GSMc)to boost further research in fungal diversity,biogeography and *** dataset comprises 722,682 fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs)derived from PacBio sequencing of full-length ITS and 18S-V9 variable regions from 3200 plots in 108 countries on all *** plots are supplied with geographical and edaphic *** OTUs are taxonomically and functionally assigned to guilds and other functional *** entire dataset has been corrected by excluding chimeras,index-switch artefacts and potential *** dataset is more inclusive in terms of geographical breadth and phylogenetic diversity of fungi than previously published *** GSMc dataset is available over the PlutoF repository.

关键词： Soil fungi Global dataset PacBio sequencing Fungal richness

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