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Incense smoke(IS)inhalation exposure system:Physicochemical characterization,IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 271-285页

作者： Vyas Kumar Hafsa Hashmi Anshita Nasreen Ghazi Ansari jyotsna singh Inhalation Toxicology Facility Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow22001UPIndi Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcsSIR) Ghaziabad201002UPIndia Analytical Chemistry Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow226001UPIndia

Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human *** in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human *** aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing *** analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH *** real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)*** median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)***1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace *** like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial *** deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung *** body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation *** ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then *** modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.

关键词： Inhalation Incense smoke Multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD) Particle deposition Particulate matter(PM) Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) Human airway

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Decadal trends in precipitable water vapor over the Indus River Basin using ERA5 reanalysis data

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2928-2945页

作者： Seema RANI jyotsna singh Subhash singh Purushottam TIWARI Suraj MAL Department of Geography Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityUttar Pradesh 221005India Department of Geography Shaheed Bhagat Singh CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110017India Center for the Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiDelhi 11oo6zIndia

Precipitable Water Vapor(PWV)constitutes a pivotal parameter within the domains of atmospheric science,and remote sensing due to its profound influence on Earth’s climate dynamics and weather *** exerts a significant impact on atmospheric stability absorption and emission of radiation,thus engendering alterations in the Earth’s radiative *** such,precise quantification of PWV holds the potential to enhance weather prognostication and fortify preparedness against severe meteorological *** study aimed to elucidate the spatial and temporal changes in seasonal and annual PWV across the Indus River Basin and its sub-basins using ERA5 reanalysis *** present study used ERA5 PWV(entire atmospheric column),air temperature at 2 m(t2m)and 500 hPa(T_500hPa),evapotranspiration,and total cloud cover data from 1960 to *** Sen slope estimator and Mann-Kendall test were used for trend *** and multiple regression methods were used to understand the association of PWV with other *** findings have unveiled the highest increase in mean PWV during the monsoon(0.40 mm/decade),followed by premonsoon(0.37 mm/decade),post-monsoon(0.27 mm/decade),and winter(0.19 mm/decade)throughout the study ***,the mean PWV exhibited the most pronounced positive trend in the sub-basin Lower Indus(LI),followed by Panjnad(P),Kabul(K),and Upper Indus(UI)across all seasons,except *** PWV has also risen in the Indus basin and its sub-basins over the last six *** exhibits a consistent upward trend up to an elevation of 3500 m within the basin which is most pronounced during the monsoon season,followed by the *** escalating PWV within the basin is reasonably ascribed to increasing air temperatures,augmented evapotranspiration,and heightened cloud *** findings hold potential utility for pertinent authorities engaged in water resource management and planning.

关键词： Himalaya Precipitable Water Vapor Indus River Basin Atmosphere Climate Change ERA5 Reanalysis data

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Global Radiation, Transmissivity and Bright Sunshine Hour Trend over Nagpur in Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon Seasons

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第2期2卷 206-209页

作者： jyotsna singh Manoj Kumar Bimal K. Bhattacharya Agriculture-Forestry and Environment Group (AFEG) Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad India Center of Excellence in Climatology Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi India

Global dimming term was introduced in 1990s which means the decline in global radiation. This decline was reported in several studies across the world. In the present study time series analysis of global radiation (1960-2003), transmissivity (1960-2003) and bright sunshine hours (1973-2003) has been done over Nagpur during pre-monsoon (March to May) and monsoon seasons (June-September). A significant decrease in global radiation and transmissivity has been reported for both the seasons and it was higher during pre-monsoon compared to monsoon. Bright sunshine hour has also shown good agreement with the previous trend with a significant trend on pre-monsoon months only. Mann Kendall test was performed to confirm the significance of reported trend.

关键词： Global Radiation Bright Sunshine Hour Transmissivity Global Dimming Mann Kendall Test

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Insights into the interface of NiCo_(2)O_(4) spinel/LaCoO_(3) perovskite nano-composite for CO and soot oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 339-349页

作者： Neha Harshita singh Satya Vir singh Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi221005India Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi221005India

In the quest for the development of thermally stable,highly active and low-cost catalysts for use in catalyzed diesel particulate filter,nano-composites are new areas of ***,we reported the easy synthesis of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4)/perovskite LaCoO_(3) nano-composite,and its individual oxides NiCo_(2)O_(4)and LaCoO_(3) for *** detailed insights into the physio-chemical characteristics of formed NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) nano-composite were done based on various characterization analysis such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),N_(2) physiosorption,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The characterization analysis of NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) revealed the successful formation of a chemical interface possessing strong interfacial interaction,resulting in desirable physicochemical characteristics such as small crystallite size,abundant mesoporosity,high specific surface area and activation of surface lattice *** to the desirable characteristics,the activity results over NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) nano-composite showed the excellent CO oxidation performance and high soot oxidation activity,recyclability and thermal *** work mainly attempts to emphasize the effectiveness of the facile,inexpensive and conventionally used precipitation method for the successful formation of highly efficient nano-composites.

关键词： LaCoO_(3) NiCo_(2)O_(4) Spinel/perovskite CO oxidation Soot oxidation Chemical interface

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Snow and regolith albedo variations using CRISM data at McMurdo crater,Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 338-355页

作者： Sehajpal singh Deepak singh Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbaiIndia

The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate *** data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian *** study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer *** compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust Storm(GDS)of Martian Year(MY)*** the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY *** interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same ***,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the *** only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s *** in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/*** maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that *** average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY *** trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDS by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).

关键词： Mars Martian ice albedo dust storm Mars surface Martian climate

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Transfer Learning-Based Class Imbalance-Aware Shoulder Implant Classification from X-Ray Images

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 892-912页

作者： Marut Jindal Birmohan singh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and TechnologySangrur148106PunjabIndia

Total shoulder arthroplasty is a standard restorative procedure practiced by orthopedists to diagnose shoulder arthritis in which a prosthesis replaces the whole joint or a part of the *** is often challenging for doctors to identify the exact model and manufacturer of the prosthesis when it is *** paper proposes a transfer learning-based class imbalance-aware prosthesis detection method to detect the implant’s manufacturer automatically from shoulder X-ray *** framework of the method proposes a novel training approach and a new set of batch-normalization,dropout,and fully convolutional layers in the head *** employs cyclical learning rates and weighting-based loss calculation *** modifications aid in faster convergence,avoid local-minima stagnation,and remove the training bias caused by imbalanced *** proposed method is evaluated using seven well-known pre-trained models of VGGNet,ResNet,and DenseNet *** is performed on a shoulder implant benchmark dataset consisting of 597 shoulder X-ray *** proposed method improves the classification performance of all pre-trained models by 10–12%.The DenseNet-201-based variant has achieved the highest classification accuracy of 89.5%,which is 10%higher than existing ***,to validate and generalize the proposed method,the existing baseline dataset is supplemented to six classes,including samples of two more implant *** results have shown average accuracy of 86.7%for the extended dataset and show the preeminence of the proposed method.

关键词： Biomedical engineering Artificial intelligence Total shoulder arthroplasty Prosthesis identification Biomedical image classification

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Long-term fertilizer nitrogen management—Soil health conundrum

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 23-25页

作者： BIJAY-singh Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India

The mental model that fertilizer nitrogen (N) acts as a replacement for N mineralized from soil organic matter (SOM) needs to be revisited. Soil organic matter, the storehouse of N in soil, is one of the most important indicators of soil health. It supplies more N to crop plants than the current-year fertilizer N even when applied at high rates. Limited research shows that the application of fertilizer N above the optimum levels on a long-term basis deteriorates soil health by mineralizing SOM and depleting the soil N pool. Because soil N includes portions of fertilizer N applied in several previous years, year after year application of fertilizer N below the optimum levels will also lead to a gradual decline in soil N pool or soil health. To sustain high crop yield levels, fertilizer N needs to be applied on a long-term basis neither above nor below the optimum levels to ensure that soil health in terms of sustaining supply of soil N is maintained, if not enhanced.

关键词： soil Soil optimum

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Application of Response Surface Methodology for Analysing and Optimizing the Finned Solar Air Heater

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 985-1009页

作者： Vineet singh Vinod singh YADAV Vaibhav TRIVEDI Manoj KUMAR Niraj KUMAR Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering&TechnologyIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering NITUttarakhandPauriUttarakhandIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information TechnologyNoidaUttar Pradesh201309India

In this research paper,a solar air heater with triangular fins has been experimentally analysed and ***,an experimental set-up of a solar air heater having triangular fins has been developed at the location of 28.10°N,78.23°*** heat transfer rate through fins and fins efficiency has been determined by the Finite Difference Method model *** experimental data and modeled data of response parameters have been optimized in MINITAB-17 software by the Response Surface Methodology *** creating the response surface design,three input parameters have been selected namely solar intensity,Reynolds number,and fin base-to-height *** range of solar intensity,Reynolds number,and fin base-to-height ratio is 600 to 1000W/m^(2),4000 to 6000,and 0.4 to 0.8 *** response surface design has been analyzed by calculating the outlet temperature,friction factor,Nusselt number,fin efficiency,thermal performance factor,and exergy *** optimum settings of input parameters:solar intensity is 1000 W/m^(2);Reynolds number is 4969.7,and the fin base to height ratio is 0.6060,on which these response:namely outlet temperature of 92.531℃,friction factor of 0.2350,Nusselt number of 127.761,thermal efficiency of 50.836%,thermal performance factor of 1.4947,and exergy efficiency of 8.762%.

关键词： solar air heater optimization fins exergy response surface methodology air

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Thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of quark matter within non-extensive Polyakov chiral SU(3)quark mean field model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 60-71页

作者： Dhananjay singh Arvind Kumar Department of Physics Dr.B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology JalandharJalandhar–144008PunjabIndia

In the present study,we applied Tsallis non-extensive statistics to investigate the thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of quark matter in the Polyakov chiral SU(3)quark mean field *** this model,the properties of the quark matter were modified through the scalar fieldsσ,ζ,δ,χ,vector fieldsω,ρ,ϕ,and Polyakov fieldsΦandΦ¯at finite temperature and chemical ***-extensive effects were introduced through a dimensionless parameter q,and the results were compared to those of the extensive case(q→1).In the non-extensive case,the exponential in the Fermi-Dirac(FD)function was modified to a q-exponential *** influence of the q parameter on the thermodynamic properties,pressure,energy,and entropy density,as well as trace anomaly,was *** speed of sound and specific heat with non-extensive effects were also ***,the effect of non-extensivity on the deconfinement phase transition as well as the chiral phase transition of u,d,and s quarks was *** found that the critical end point(CEP),which defines the point in the(T−μ)phase diagram where the order of the phase transition changes,shifts to a lower value of temperature,TCEP,and a higher value of chemical potential,μCEP,as the non-extensivity is increased,that is,q>1.

关键词： quark matter quark mean field model QCD phase diagram non-extensive statistics

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Early Paleozoic basement diorite of arc-magmatism from Kutch basin, Western India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 296-307页

作者： Piyush Gupta Sandeep singh Shakti singh Rathore Argha Narayan Sarkar Geochronology Laboratory KDMIPEOil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.9Kaulagarh RoadDehradun 248195India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

In this study,we report for theﬁrst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western *** 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another pseudo plateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement *** ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian *** obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later part of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been reported from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and petrographic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar Parkar igneous complex in Pakistan can also be *** geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong depletion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,P,and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu *** geochemical signatures indicate their petrogenetic afﬁliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having post-collisional continental-arc type afﬁ****440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,appears to rep-resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neoproterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has implications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.

关键词： Kutch basin 40Ar–39Ar ages Early palaeozoic basement Continental-arc magmatism Calc-alkaline magmatism

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