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Brain borders at the central stage of neuroimmunology

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第12期44卷 2183-2183页

作者： justin Rustenhoven Center for Brain immunology and Glia (BIG) Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine St Louis MO USA Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Center for Brain Research The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

The concept of immune privilege suggests that the central nervous system is isolated from the immune system.However,recent studies have highlighted the borders of the central nervous system as central sites of neuro-immune interactions.Although the nervous and immune systems both function to maintain homeostasis,under rare circumstances,they can develop pathological interactions that lead to neurological or psychiatric diseases.

关键词： homeostasis maintain border

The Effects of 5 Weeks of Leg-Drive Training on Bench Press Performance in Recreationally-Trained,College-Age Men

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第3期4卷 231-236页

作者： Jacob K.Gardner justin T.Chia Brent M.Peterson Kelsey L.Miller Department of Kinesiology and Health Science Biola University13800 Biola AveLa MiradaCA 90639USA Department of Health and Human Development Western Washington University516 High StreetBellinghamWA 98225USA

Introduction The bench press is commonly used to measure upper-body strength.While much emphasis has been placed on the upper-body,little is known about how the lower-body can play a role in bench press performance.Leg-drive is a technique that includes flexing the knee so the feet line up posterior to the knee joint,while simultaneously contracting the knee extensors isometrically during the lift.The purpose of this study was to compare strength characteristics of lifters in a standard bench press versus a leg-drive bench press over the course of 5-weeks of training.Methods Twenty-three recreationally active males(age:22.4±2.1 years,height:175.0±5.9 cm,mass:78.4±9.5 kg)were randomized into a standard bench or leg-drive bench press group.Participants performed four sets to failure,two times per week for five weeks.Variables of interests were training volume and 1-repetition maximum(1RM)strength.For training volume,a 2×5(group×week)repeated measures analysis of variance(RMANOVA)was used.For the 1RM’s,a 2×2×2(group×press type×time)RMANOVA was used.A priori alpha levels were set to 0.05.Results Over time,both groups showed an approximate 6%increase in 1RM strength.Training volume for week 4 was 5.6%less than week 5,but was not different from weeks 1 through 3.No between-group differences were observed for 1RM strength or training volume.Conclusion This results of this work indicates that 5 weeks of leg-drive training is effective in increasing 1RM strength,but was not more effective than standard bench press training.Practically,lifters should choose either lifting style based on personal preference.

关键词： Chest press Lower-body Weight lifting Isometric contraction

Monohalogenated acetamide-induced cellular stress and genotoxicity are related to electrophilic softness and thiol/thiolate reactivity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 224-230页

作者： justin A.Pals Elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa Menghang Xia Matias S.Attene-Ramos Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Milken Institute School of Public Health George Washington University Washington DC United States Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Bethesda MD United States

Haloacetamides（HAMs） are cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic byproducts of drinking water disinfection. They are soft electrophilic compounds that form covalent bonds with the free thiol/thiolate in cysteine residues through an S_N2 reaction mechanism.Toxicity of the monohalogenated HAMs（iodoacetamide, IAM; bromoacetamide, BAM;or chloroacetamide, CAM） varied depending on the halogen substituent. The aim of this research was to investigate how the halogen atom affects the reactivity and toxicological properties of HAMs, measured as induction of oxidative/electrophilic stress response and genotoxicity. Additionally, we wanted to determine how well in silico estimates of electrophilic softness matched thiol/thiolate reactivity and in vitro toxicological endpoints.Each of the HAMs significantly induced nuclear Rad51 accumulation and ARE signaling activity compared to a negative control. The rank order of effect was IAM 〉 BAM 〉 CAM for Rad51, and BAM ≈ IAM 〉 CAM for ARE. In general, electrophilic softness and in chemico thiol/thiolate reactivity provided a qualitative indicator of toxicity, as the softer electrophiles IAM and BAM were more thiol/thiolate reactive and were more toxic than CAM.

关键词： Drinking water disinfection byproducts Haloacetamide Toxicity Soft electrophile Oxidative stress DNA damage

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Nitro-PAH exposures of occupationally-exposed traffic workers and associated urinary 1-nitropyrene metabolite concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 213-221页

作者： justin P.Miller-Schulze Michael Paulsen Takayuki Kameda Akira Toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Brandon Cassidy Luke Naeher Manuel Aguilar Villalobos Christopher D.Simpson Department of Chemistry University of Washington WA 98195-1700 USA. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington WA 98195 Seattle USA Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry Instkute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Kanazawa UniversityKakurna-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kakma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Enuironmental Health Sciences University of Georgia Athens CA 30602-2102 USA Asociacion del Aire Ambiental Lima Peru

The assessment of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust（DE） is important from an epidemiological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed as a novel approach for measuring exposure to DE. In this study, we measured the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene（1NP）, a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been suggested as a molecular marker of diesel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were determined in urine samples（10 m L） from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_（2.5）, 2-nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, were also measured.Exposures to 1NP were similar in all studied workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m^3（±standard deviation）. Median urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and post-exposure samples for 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene and 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, were found to be 3.9 and 2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed subjects（n = 17） studied. A direct relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and the creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of the hydroxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, and were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle exhaust.This study provides further evidence that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated with exposure to DE and may serve as a useful exposure biomarker.

关键词： Urinary biomarkers 1-Nitropyrene Diesel particulate matter

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Effects of aging on time course of neovascularization-related gene expression following acute hindlimb ischemia in mice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第7期124卷 1075-1081页

作者： WANG Jin-song LIU Xia XUE Zhen-yi Lee Alderman justin U. Tilan Remi Adenika Stephen E. Epstein Mary Susan Bumett Cardiovascular Research Institute MedStar Health Research Institute Washington DC 20010 USA Division of Vascular Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China

Background Molecular analysis of neovascularization related genes by time course in response to ischemia has not been described in the context of aging. We aimed to provide a progressively deeper understanding of how ... 详细信息

关键词： neovascularization age ischemia bone marrow molecular expression time course

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The COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea: Lessons to Be Learned

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 298-311页

作者： Hark Joon Lee Richard Kang Michelle Kim justin Kong Woo Jun Shim Kunmin Kim Paul S. Chung Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia USA School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond USA Youth With Talents Fairfax USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg USA Department of Biology Washington University St. Louis USA Bachelor of Science in Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego USA

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel type of coronavirus-related disease that has over 4 million confirmed cases worldwide as of May 13th, 2020. With over 200 countries impacted by the pandemic, many countries have taken drastic measures such as temporary closure of international borders. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the South Korean response to COVID-19 and the keys to successful containment of the disease. Real time analysis was performed on data provided by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Comparisons of disease containment among countries with the highest confirmed cases were normalized for population size differences by taking the proportion of confirmed cases to population size. We further compared the disease outbreak in Seoul, a very urban environment, to the whole country of South Korea, to compare public health in urban and rural environments. We found that the efficient partnership between the private sector and the state led to rapid development in testing kits, which was integral to the South Korean response to COVID-19. In addition, the South Koreans’ community spirit, approval of government-led interventions, and societal norm of wearing masks were also efficient social responses to the spreading disease. In this paper, we navigate the impacts of a universal healthcare system and its ability to battle infectious diseases and the efficacy of various governmental actions in response to a public health crisis.

关键词： Infectious Diseases Respiratory Viral Infections Public Health Disease Prevention

Regulating off-centering distortion maximizes photoluminescence in halide perovskites

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 60-67页

作者： Xujie Lu Constantinos Stoumpos Qingyang Hu Xuedan Ma Dongzhou Zhang Songhao Guo justin Hoffman Kejun Bu Xiaofeng Guo Yingqi Wang Cheng Ji Haijie Chen Hongwu Xu Quanxi Jia Wenge Yang Mercouri G.Kanatzidis Ho-Kwang Mao Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Department of Materials Science and Technology Voutes Campus University of Crete Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Partnership for Extreme Crystallography University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics Washington State University Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos Alamos Department of Materials Design and Innovation University at Buffalo The State University of New York

Metal halide perovskites possess unique atomic and electronic configurations that endow them with high defect tolerance and enable high-performance photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Perovskite light-emitting diodes have achieved an external quantum efficiency of over 20%. Despite tremendous progress,fundamental questions remain, such as how structural distortion affects the optical properties. Addressing their relationships is considerably challenging due to the scarcity of effective diagnostic tools during structural and property tuning as well as the limited tunability achievable by conventional methods. Here,using pressure and chemical methods to regulate the metal off-centering distortion, we demonstrate the giant tunability of photoluminescence (PL) in both the intensity (>20 times) and wavelength(>180 nm/GPa) in the highly distorted halide perovskites [CH3NH3GeI3, HC(NH2)2GeI3, and Cs Ge I3].Using advanced in situ high-pressure probes and first-principles calculations, we quantitatively reveal a universal relationship whereby regulating the level of off-centering distortion towards 0.2 leads to the best PL performance in the halide perovskites. By applying this principle, intense PL can still be induced by substituting CH3NH~3+with Cs~+to control the distortion in (CH3NH3)1-xCsxGeI3, where the chemical substitution plays a similar role as external pressure. The compression of a fully substituted sample of CsGe I3further tunes the distortion to the optimal value at 0.7 GPa, which maximizes the emission with a10-fold enhancement. This work not only demonstrates a quantitative relationship between structural distortion and PL property of the halide perovskites but also illustrates the use of knowledge gained from high-pressure research to achieve the desired properties by ambient methods.

关键词： halide perovskites high pressure off-centering distortion optical properties lone-pair electrons quantitative relationship

A novel indocyanine green-based fluorescent marker for guiding surgical tumor resection

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第3期4卷 77-87页

作者： Jiawei Ge justin D.Opfermann Hamed Saeidi Katherine A.Huenerberg Christopher D.Badger Jaepyeong Cha Martin J.Schnermann Arjun S.Joshi Axel Krieger Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD 21218USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742USA Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation Children's National Hospital WashingtonDC 20010USA Department of Pathology George washington University WashingtonDC 20052USA Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery George washington University washington DC 20052USA Chemical Biology Laboratory Center for Cancer Research National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMD 21702USA

Surgical tumor resection is a common approach to cancer treatment.India Ink tattoos are widely used to aid tumor resection by localizing and mapping the tumor edge at the surface.However,India Ink tattoos are easily obscured during electrosurgical resection,and fade in intensity over time.In this work,a novel near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent marker is introduced as an alternative.The NIR marker was made by mixing indocyanine green(ICG),biocompatible cyanoacrylate,and acetone.The marking strategy was evaluated in a chronic ex vivo feasibility study using porcine tissues,followed by a chronic in vivo mouse study while compared with India Ink.In both studies,signal-to-noise(SNR)ratios and dimensions of the NIR markers and/or India Ink over the study period were calculated and reported.Electrocautery was performed on the last day of the mouse study after mice were euthanized,and SNR ratios and dimensions were quantified and compared.Biopsy was performed at all injection sites and slides were examined by a pathologist.The proposed NIR marker achieved(i)consistent visibility in the 26-day feasibility study and(ii)improved durability,visibility,and biocompatibility when compared to traditional India Ink over the six-week period in an in vivo mouse model.These effects persist after electrocautery whereas the India Ink markers were obscured.The use of a NIR fluorescent presurgical marking strategy has the potential for intraoperative tracking during long-term treatment protocols.

关键词： Near-infrared fluorescent marker surgical tumor resection fluorescence-guided sur-gery electrosurgery India ink

Renewable Biofuel Production Using Red Ginseng Marc in Microbial Fuel Cells

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2022年第1期12卷 1-11页

作者： Sung Jun Jang Immanuel H. Anaborne Jacqueline E. Chang Seohyun Shim Sue Min Shin justin Kong Seunghan Baek Kunmin Kim Abraham Ha Paul S. Chung The Village School Houston USA Oakton High School Vienna USA Redondo Union High School Redondo Beach USA Branksome Hall Asia International School Jeju-do Korea School of Arts & Sciences Emory University Atlanta USA School of Arts & Sciences Washington University St. Louis USA School of Arts & Sciences Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Fuzbien Technology Institute Rockville USA

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the clean and sustainable energy technologies, often referred to as renewable energy, and directly chemical energy contained in organic matter into electrical energy by using the catalytic activity of microorganisms. Cellulosic biomass is a particularly attractive renewable resource for its abundant supply at low cost and its neutral carbon balance. However, methanogenesis had been negatively linked to anaerobic cellulosic power generation in MFCs. Ginseng root is a saponin-rich plant material and red ginseng marc (RGM) has not been reused as a high-value resource for industry although its residue contained both electron donors and saponin, the potential power generation enhancers for MFC. In this study, RGM was supplemented into MFC to evaluate its effects on methanogenesis and power generation. Two-chamber H-type MFCs were established using rumen fluid as anolyte to ferment cellulose at 2% (w/v). RGM, the residue from the steam and press process for red ginseng beverage preparation, was freeze-dried and ground to pass 0.5 mm sieve and added to the anode of MFC at 1% (w/v;Exp. 1) or 0.1% (Exp. 2) dose for treatment. Open circuit voltage, voltage and current across an external resistor were measured daily for 10d. On d10 of operation, collected biogases were measured for total gas production and analyzed for its components. In Exp. 1, power density was between 44.0 and 97.2 with an average of 83.8 mW/m2 in 1% RGM MFCs and was between 45.2 and 76.3 with an average of 61.5 mW/m2 in control. In Exp. 2, power density was between 44.8 and 75.6 with an average of 60.9 mW/m2 in 0.1% RGM MFCs and was between 45.1 and 54.1 with an average of 49.7 mW/m2 in control. Total gas production for 10d was 563 and 523 mL for RGM and control, respectively, in Exp 1, and was 546 and 477 mL for RGM and control, respectively, in Exp 2. Methane took up 58.6 and 67.9% of total gas for RGM and control, respectively, in Exp 1, and 59.1 and 67.3% of total gas fo

关键词： Microbial Fuel Cell Red Ginseng Marc Cellulose Methanogenesis Electricity