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Influences of Graupel Microphysics on Cma-GFS Simulation of Summer Regional Precipitation

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 27-38页

作者： Zhe LI Qijun LIU Zhanshan ma Cma Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

The horizontal resolution of global numerical weather prediction models is continuously developing. However, due to the imperfect precipitation simulation/forecast of these models, the demand for considering riming particles in cloud microphysical schemes in these models is increasing. This study employed the latest versions of global atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5), the satellite retrieval data of the Global Precipitation Observation Program (GPM),and station precipitation observations to explore the impacts of adding graupel to the cloud microphysical scheme in the China Meteorological Administration-Global Forecast System (Cma-GFS) on summer regional precipitation simulations in four Chinese climate zones. The results verify that the new graupel scheme can enable Cma-GFS to decently predict global graupel distribution, especially in tropical and midlatitude regions. The addition of graupel in the cloud microphysics increases the precipitation simulation in North China, while that in Southwest China is weakened and dispersed. Moreover, graupel scheme increases the precipitation simulations of almost all *** increase in light rain is obvious, and the absolute value of heavy rain is strengthened. This may be because graupel quickly melts into rain after falling out of the zero-temperature layer due to its large mass and fast falling speed, increasing surface precipitation. In summary, the addition of graupel in the cloud microphysical scheme can improve Cma-GFS’s underestimation of strong precipitation.

关键词： graupel cloud microphysical scheme precipitation China Meteorological Administration-Global Forecast System(Cma-GFS) climate zone

Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2144-2156页

作者： Ying ma Yue Qiao Xiang Gao Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The largescale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.

关键词： antidepressants chronic pain depression exercise hippocampal neurogenesis inflammation inhibition neuroinflammation physical activity deficits social isolation spinal cord injury

Provenance of Conglomerate and Sandstone from Early Permian Shoushangou Formation in Xi Ujimqin,Inner Mongolia:Implications for Understanding Paleo-Asian Ocean Subduction

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 10-31页

作者： ZHANG Yingli GUO Xianqing ma Shouxian MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesCAGSBeijing 100037China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China

During the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian,a rift was formed by post-collisional extension after ocean closure or an island arc-related basin formed by Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO)subduction in the Xi Ujimqin ***,the closure time of the PAO is still under ***,to identify the origin of the PAO,the geochemistry and U-Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra-large deep marine,polymict clastic boulders and sandstones in the Shoushangou Formation within the *** analyses revealed magmatic activity and tectonic *** conglomerates include megaclasts of granite(298.8±9.1 ma)and granodiorite porphyry(297.1±3.1 ma),which were deposited by muddy debris *** of this study demonstrated that the boulders of granitoids have the geochemistry of typical I-type granite,characterized by low Zr+Nb+Ce+Y and low Ga/Al *** granitoid boulders were formed in island arc setting,indicating the presence of arc magmatism in the area that is composed of the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian subduction-related granitoid in southern Xi *** diagrams for determining sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that Shoushangou sediments originated from continental island arc-related felsic *** zircon U-Pb age cluster of 330–280 ma was obtained,indicating input from granite,ophiolite,Xilin Gol complex,and Carboniferous sources to the *** basin was geographically developed behind the arc during the Early Permian period because the outcropped intrusive rocks in the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian form a volcanic *** comprehensive analyses of source areas suggest that Shoushangou sediments developed in a backarc basin in response to the northward subduction of the *** backarc basin and intrusive rocks,in addition to previously published Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatic rocks of arc unit in Xilin Gol,confirm the presence of an Early Permian trencharc-basin system in the region,r

关键词： provenance analysis backarc basin Shoushangou Formation Early Permian Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Alloy/layer double hydroxide interphasic synergy via nano-heterointerfacing for highly reversible CO_(2)redox reaction in Li-CO_(2)batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5206-5215页

作者： Tianzhen Jian Wenqing ma Jiagang Hou Jianping ma Xianhong Li Haiyang Gao Caixia Xu Hong Liu Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR) Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JinanJinan 250022China Kyiv College at Qilu University of Technology Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China State Key Laboratory of Crystal materials Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China Shandong Sacred Sun Power Sources Co. Ltd.Qufu 273100China

Li-CO_(2)batteries are among the most intriguing techniques for balancing the carbon cycle,but are challenged by the annoyed thermodynamic barrier of the Li_(2)CO_(3)decomposition ***,we demonstrate the electrocatalytic performances of two-dimensional(2D)CoAl-layer double hydroxide(LDH)nanosheets can be significantly improved by trans-dimensional crosslinking with three-dimensional(3D)multilevel nanoporous(MP)-RuCoAl alloy(MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH).The MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥CoAl-LDH with multiscale pore channels and abundant nano-heterointerface is directly prepared by controllable etching Al from a Ru-Co-Al master alloy along with simultaneous partial oxidization of Al and Co *** MP-RuCoAl is composed of various intermetallic compounds and Ru with abundant grain boundaries,and forms numerous heterointerface with 2D CoAl-LDH *** multiscale porous metallic network benefits mass and electron transportation as well as discharge product storage and enables a rich multiphase reaction *** situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry shows that the mass-to-charge ratio in the charging process is~0.733 which is consistent with the theoretical value of 3/4,stating that the reversible co-decomposition of Li_(2)CO_(3)and C can be achieved with the MP-RuCoAl alloy⊥*** Ketjen black(KB)/MP-RuCoAl⊥CoAl-LDH battery demonstrates a high cyclability for over 2270 h(227 cycles)with a lower voltage gap stabilized at~1.3 V at 200 ma·g^(−1).Our findings here provide useful guidelines for developing high efficiency transition metal based electrocatalysts by coupling with conductive porous substrate for impelling the development of practical Li-CO_(2)battery systems.

关键词： heterojunction interface nanoporous Li-CO_(2)battery dealloying

Damage constitutive model of lunar soil simulant geopolymer under impact loading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1059-1071页

作者： Hanyan Wang Qinyong ma Qianyun Wu School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction Ministry of EducationAnhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China

Lunar base construction is a crucial component of the lunar exploration program,and considering the dynamic characteristics of lunar soil is important for moon ***,investigating the dynamic properties of lunar soil by establishing a constitutive relationship is critical for providing a theoretical basis for its damage *** this paper,a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)device was used to perform three sets of impact tests under different pressures on a lunar soil simulant geopolymer(LSSG)with sodium silicate(Na_(2)SiO_(3))contents of 1%,3%,5%and 7%.The dynamic stressestrain curves,failure modes,and energy variation rules of LSSG under different pressures were *** equation was modified based on the ZWT viscoelastic constitutive model and was combined with the damage *** damage element obeys the Weibull distribution and the constitutive equation that can describe the mechanical properties of LSSG under dynamic loading was *** results demonstrate that the dynamic compressive strength of LSSG has a marked strain-rate strengthening ***_(2)SiO_(3) has both strengthening and deterioration effects on the dynamic compressive strength of *** Na_(2)SiO_(3) grows,the dynamic compressive strength of LSSG first increases and then *** a fixed air pressure,5%Na_(2)SiO_(3) had the largest dynamic compressive strength,the largest incident energy,the smallest absorbed energy,and the lightest *** ZWT equation was modified according to the stress response properties of LSSG and the range of the SHPB strain rate to obtain the constitutive equation of the LSSG,and the model’s correctness was confirmed.

关键词： Lunar soil simulant geopolymer(LSSG) Split hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)test Constitutive model Energy analysis Failure mode

Self-attention Guidance Based Crowd Localization and Counting

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machine Intelligence Research 2024年第5期21卷 966-982页

作者： Zhouzhou ma Guanghua Gu Wenrui Zhao School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066000China Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing Qinhuangdao066000China

Most existing studies on crowd analysis are limited to the level of counting,which cannot provide the exact location of *** paper proposes a self-attention guidance based crowd localization and counting network(SA-CLCN),which can simultaneously locate and count *** take the form of object detection,using the original point annotations of crowd datasets as supervision to train the ***,the center point coordinate of each head as well as the number of crowds are ***,to cope with the spatial and positional variations of the crowd,the proposed method introduces transformer to construct a globallocal feature extractor(GLFE)together with the convolutional *** establishes the near-to-far dependency between elements so that the global context and local detail features of the crowd image can be extracted ***,this paper designs a pyramid feature fusion module(PFFM)to fuse the global and local information from high level to low level to obtain a multiscale feature *** downstream tasks,this paper predicts candidate point offsets and confidence scores by a simple regression header and classification *** addition,the Hungarian algorithm is used to match the predicted point set and the labelled point set to facilitate the calculation of *** proposed network avoids the errors or higher costs associated with using traditional density maps or bounding box ***,we have conducted extensive experiments on several crowd datasets,and the proposed method has produced competitive results in both counting and localization.

关键词： Crowd localization crowd counting transformer point supervision object detection

Effects of plasma spraying process on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr_(2)AlC/410 composite coatings

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High-Speed Railway 2024年第2期2卷 110-115页

作者： Yihu ma Chaosheng ma Guozheng ma Wenbo Yu Center of materials Science and Engineering School of Mechanical and Electronic Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China National Key Lab for Remanufacturing Army Academy of Armored ForcesBeijing 100072China

To investigate the influences of Cr_(2)AlC mass fraction and supersonic plasma spraying process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr_(2)AlC reinforced 410 stainless steel composite coatings,the coatings containing different mass fractions of Cr_(2)AlC were prepared and *** composite coating exhibited low porosity and high adhesion *** addition of Cr_(2)AlC significantly enhanced the hardness of the composite coatings through particle ***,when the mass fraction of Cr_(2)AlC was 20%,the aggregation of Cr_(2)AlC resulted in a strong decrease in the coating preparation efficiency,as well as a decline in adhesion *** the supersonic plasma spraying process,the Ar flow rate mainly influenced the flight velocity of the particles,while the H_(2) flow rate and the current mainly affected the temperature of the plasma ***,all of them influenced the melting degree of particles and the quality of the *** lowest porosity and the highest hardness and adhesion strength could be obtained when the Ar flow rate is 125 L/min,the H_(2) flow rate is 25 L/min,and the current is 385 A.

关键词： maX phase Plasma spray Parameter Coating

Reassessing the contributions of terrestrial waters to sea level variations in the South China Sea and its response to alternating ENSO events

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2253-2267页

作者： Pengfei YANG Hok Sum FOK Zhongtian ma MOE Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy&MNR Key Laboratory of Geophysical Geodesy School of Geodesy and GeomaticsWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Hubei Luojia Laboratory Wuhan 730079China Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Regional sea level variability is linked to regional terrestrial water and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).This study assessed the relationships between the sea level variations in the South China Sea(SCS)and ENSO,the impact of terrestrial water storage(TWS)on non-steric sea level(NSSL),and the contributions of steric sea level(SSL)and NSSL to sea level anomaly(SLA),*** 2003 to 2015,the SLAs exhibited a long-term trend of 6.65±0.78 mm/yr,which was primarily attributed to the ***,during 2003-2015,ENSO events alternating with varying intensities might also be responsible for the unusually high SLA *** to the SSLs,the NSSLs contributed the seasonal signals to the SLAs,while the NSSLs changes were largely explained by the TWS in the Mekong River Basin at the seasonal scale and in the Pearl River Basin and Red River Basin at other time *** contrast to the TWS,the contributions of precipitation and evapotranspiration were relatively minor.A negative correlation between the sea level variations and ENSO was also found,with cross-correlation coefficients between the oceanic Ni?o index and SLAs/SSLs/NSSLs of -0.36/-0.37/-0.62 with lags of 2/3/2 months,*** findings systematically reassessed the contributions of different components to the sea level *** study provided a benchmark for in-depth analysis of the impacts of terrestrial water and other potential causes on sea level rise in the SCS.

关键词： South China Sea Sea level variations Terrestrial water storage ENSO

Computing Persistent Homology by Spanning Trees and Critical Simplices

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 519-527页

作者： Dinghua Shi Zhifeng Chen Chuang ma Guanrong Chen Department of mathematics Cllege of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Big Data Fuzhou University of International Studies and TradeFuzhouChina Department of Data Science and Big Data Technology School of InternetAnhui UniversityHefeiChina Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Topological data analysis can extract effective information from higher-dimensional *** mathematical basis is persistent *** persistent homology can calculate topological features at different spatiotemporal scales of the dataset,that is,establishing the integrated taxonomic relation among points,lines,and ***,the simplicial network composed of all-order simplices in a simplicial complex is *** the sequence of nested simplicial subnetworks can be regarded as a discrete Morse function from the simplicial network to real values,a method based on the concept of critical simplices can be developed by searching all-order spanning *** this new method,not only the Morse function values with the theoretical minimum number of critical simplices can be obtained,but also the Betti numbers and composition of all-order cavities in the simplicial network can be calculated ***,this method is used to analyze some examples and compared with other methods,showing its effectiveness and feasibility.

关键词： Morse establishing topological