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Water Safety Plan as a Tool for Improved Quality of Municipal Drinking Water in Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第11期5卷 997-1002页

作者： Emma E. Ezenwaji Philip o. Phil-Eze Department of Geography and Meteorology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Nigerian standard for drinking water quality 2007 emphasized that all water service providers including State Water Agencies and Community Water Committees shall develop a water safety plan. This ensures the minimization of contamination of water supply from source, reduction or removal of contamination through treatment processes and prevention of contamination during storage, distribution and handling of drinking water. The aim of this study is to explain the meaning of water safety plan and highlight its importance including the ways it can be employed to achieve enhanced piped distribution of drinking water of good quality. The assessment of its level of development in Nigeria, the extent it can be employed to improve the present low health status of Nigerian urban populace, as well as its implication to general urban development in the country were discussed. It is concluded that an articulate and urgent water safety plan are necessary for the sustainability of urban water supply.

关键词： Agencies Contamination Safety Service Source

Probabilistic Load Flow Considering Correlation between Generation, Loads and Wind Power

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2011年第1期2卷 12-20页

作者： Daniel Villanueva Andrés Feijóo José Luis Pazos 不详

In this paper a procedure is established for solving the Probabilistic Load Flow in an electrical power network, considering correlation between power generated by power plants, loads demanded on each bus and power injected by wind farms. The method proposed is based on the generation of correlated series of power values, which can be used in a MonteCarlo simulation, to obtain the probability density function of the power through branches of an electrical network.

关键词： Correlation Monte Carlo Simulation Probabilistic Load Flow Wind Power Wind Farm

Constraints to Tropical Forest Conservation and Successful Monitoring and Assessment of Land Uses Cover and Change: Do the Forest Definition and Administration Really Matter?

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Natural Resources 2020年第1期11卷 1-19页

作者： Koffi Ayewa Bassan Kouami Kokou Erin o. Sills Ecole Supérieure d’Agronomie Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique de la Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

We examine the constraints to conservation and to successful forestlands’ monitoring/assessments in central Togo through GIS spatial analyses and through a critical overview of the current forestry administration’s model. The major findings are that the land classification based on few inventory parameters cannot substitute for “what forest is”, rather these inventory parameters constitute a mean to sound forest management and conservation when relevantly decided. Also as these parameters measured from satellite imagery are supplemented by continuous fine management data they may consistently contribute to the classification of the vegetation cover. This helps to suggest that solution to forest degradation/deforestation, and monitoring/ assessment requires data refinement through local forest management. Else, the actual forestry administration is local communities and indigenous people’s needs biased because it has been negligent of the cultural forestry practices, the major constraints to conservation and the monitoring/assessment of forest lands. As a common pool-resource, the questions relative to forest cannot be addressed at a single environmental concerns level. Interests are multiple and various along the spectrum from the global environment level to the local environmental level that should be accounted for. Thus we recommend a reconsideration of the forestry administration model. What is required are simple policies processes to define forest management plans that promote simultaneously sustainable forest management while accounting for any stakeholder concern, importantly the cultural forestry that addresses specific local communities and indigenous people’s forest related interests.

关键词： Sustainable Forest Management Cultural Forestry Forest Definition Land Classification Local People

High MRSA Carriage Rate among Nursing Microbiology Students

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第13期4卷 871-877页

作者： Alan Lee Gillen Whitney o. Daycock Andrew Serafin Department of Biology & Chemistry Liberty University Lynchburg VA USA

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of disease, particularly in colonized persons. Although methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections have become increasingly reported, population- based studies of students preparing for the health professions having S. aureus and MRSA colonization are lacking. We have found that students in microbiology classes having more contact with individuals in a healthcare setting are more likely to carry MRSA in their nares and axilla. The classes who had the highest rate of MRSA carriage during the school year, 2013-2014, were those with nursing students, who had a greater exposure to clinical settings and nursing homes. The class which had the highest rate of S. aureus carriage, had nearly 50% of the infected students had been involved a clinical setting. Since the majority of the students in the nursing and biology courses are looking to pursue a career in medicine, this sampling was very beneficial to inform them and others if they were a carrier of S. aureus and MRSA and the preventative measures to reduce the risk of infection.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Staphylococcus Carriage Clinical Student Risks

Renin-angiotensin system in the kidney: What is new?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2014年第3期3卷 64-76页

作者： Fernanda M Ferr?o Lucienne S Lara Jennifer Lowe Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Brazil Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Brazil

The renin-angiotensin system （RAS） has been known for more than a century as a cascade that regulates body fuid balance and blood pressure. Angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ） has many functions in different tissues; how-ever it is on the kidney that this peptide exerts its main functions. New enzymes, alternative routes for Ang Ⅱformation or even active Ang Ⅱ-derived peptides have now been described acting on Ang Ⅱ AT1 or AT2 recep-tors, or in receptors which have recently been cloned, such as Mas and AT4. Another interesting observation was that old members of the RAS, such as angioten-sin converting enzyme （ACE）, renin and prorenin, well known by its enzymatic activity, can also activate intra-cellular signaling pathways, acting as an outside-in sig-nal transduction molecule or on the renin/（Pro）renin re-ceptor. Moreover, the endocrine RAS, now is also known to have paracrine, autocrine and intracrine action on different tissues, expressing necessary components for local Ang Ⅱ formation. This in situ formation, especially in the kidney, increases Ang Ⅱ levels to regulate blood pressure and renal functions. These discoveries, such as the ACE2/Ang-（1-7）/Mas axis and its antangonistic effect rather than classical deleterious Ang Ⅱ effects, improves the development of new drugs for treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： Renin-angiotensin system Angiotensin Ⅱ Kidney Hypertension treatment Receptor

Effect of emotional valence on episodic memory stages as indexed by event-related potentials

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2013年第4期3卷 250-262页

作者： Marc E. Lavoie Kieron P. o’Connor Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal Montréal Canada&Département de Psychiatrie Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Département de Psychiatrie Université de Montréal Montréal Canada

Several investigations have shown that emotional events show superior recall than non-emotional ones. However, the cortical mechanisms underlying the episodic recall of emotional scenes are still poorly understood. our main aim was to compare the magnitude of the Event-Related brain Potentials (ERP) old-new effect related to emotionally unpleasant, pleasant and neutral photographic images. As expected, correct recognition of all types of images elicited three topographically distinct ERP components sensitive to the classical old-new recognition effect. The results revealed that the behavioral performances were mainly sensitive to arousal, while the ERP old/new effect over posterior regions (300 - 1000 ms) was exclusively affected by unpleasantness. A later component (1000 - 1400 ms) showed an inverted old/ new effect at parietal sites, which was also sensitive to unpleasantness. These results imply that ERP reflecting episodic conscious recollection and post-retrieval monitoring are clearly affected both by valence and arousal.

关键词： Emotion Memory Familiarity Recollection old/New Effect Event-Related Potentials

New design solutions for low-power energy production in water pipe systems

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Water Science and Engineering 2009年第4期2卷 69-84页

作者： Helena M.RAMoS Alexandre BoRGA Mariana SIMo Department of Civil Engineering ISTTechnical University of Lisbon Department of Civil Engineering ISELInstitute Polytechnic of Lisbon

This study is the result of ongoing research for a European Union 7th Framework Program Project regarding energy converters for very low heads, and aims to analyze optimization of new cost-effective hydraulic turbine designs for possible implementation in water supply systems （WSSs） or in other pressurized water pipe infrastructures, such as irrigation, wastewater, or drainage systems. A new methodology is presented based on a theoretical, technical and economic analysis. Viability studies focused on small power values for different pipe systems were investigated. Detailed analyses of alternative typical volumetric energy converters were conducted on the basis of mathematical and physical fundamentals as well as computational fluid dynamics （CFD） associated with the interaction between the flow conditions and the system operation. Important constraints （e.g., size, stability, efficiency, and continuous steady flow conditions） can be identified and a search for alternative rotary yolumetric converters is being conducted. As promising cost-effective solutions for the coming years, adapted rotor-dynamic turbomachines and non-conventional axial propeller devices were analyzed based on the basic principles of pumps operating as turbines, as well as through an extensive comparison between simulations and experimental tests.

关键词： energy converter low-power energy water pipe system computational fluid dynamics (CFD) lab tests

Grinding Process Validation Approach （gPVA）

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2017年第5期7卷 40-47页

作者： C. Vogt o. Faehnle R. Rascher IPH Department Deggendorf Institute of Technology Deggendorf 94469 Germany Fisba AG St. Gallen 9016 Switzerland

This paper presents a load-controlled gPVA （grinding Process Validation Approach） for setting up feed-controlled CNC （Computer Numerical Control） grinding processes for the generation of optical elements. The gPVA enables the quantitative determination of process windows for CNC grinding processes as well as the identification of optimized sets of process parameters without the need to run tests on actual production parts in the industrial workshop occupying expensive CNC machining time.

关键词： Grinding process optimization productivity enhancement.

Framing Cuisine with Food Loss and Waste as a Combined Nutrition Public Health Priority and Climate Change Mitigation Action

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1122-1131页

作者： Jonathan M. Deutsch Thomas o’Donnell Solomon Katz Department of Food and Hospitality Management College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA Cabrini University Radnor PA USA Emeritus Department of Anthropology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

This paper proposes that fortifying honored traditional recipes with natural foods in tandem with preventing food loss and waste adds a new dimension to sustainable food management—nutrient recovery and bioavailability—while reducing the global prevalence of anemia and other diet-induced maladies. Using the complementarity of iron and Vitamin C as an example, this paper demonstrates that we can recover bioavailable nutrients to ensure recovery is efficient. The authors show by example that returning food loss and waste into a healthy food environment can meet the daily and monthly needs of iron-deficiency in substantial portions of the populations with significant need and in all countries. Further, maximizing the availability of key nutrients, like iron, will reduce the stress of animal husbandry on the environment, reduce greenhouse gas emissions;and thereby, reduce agriculture impacts to climate change and global warming. Considering the quality, quantity, and convenience of food recovery, from farm—and beyond fork—to gut, is key for global policy development in nutrition public health and actions that are ready to implement today.

关键词： Food Loss Food Waste Bioavailability Climate Change Iron Anemia Cuisine Food Fortification Behavior Change