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Construction and Application of a Regional Kilometer-Scale Carbon Source and Sink Assimilation Inversion System(CCMVS-R)

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 263-275页

作者： Lifeng Guo Xiaoye Zhang junting zhong Deying Wang Changhong Miao Licheng Zhao Zijiang Zhou Jie Liao Bo Hu Lingyun Zhu Yan Chen Monitoring and Assessment Center for GHGs and Carbon Neutrality&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Neutrality Henan UniversityZhengzhou 450001China National Meteorological Information Center Beijing 100081China Shanxi Meteorological Administration Taiyuan 030002China Shanxi Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences Taiyuan 030002China Jiangsu Provincial Climate Center Nanjing 210000China

CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s *** the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate *** 2020,China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by *** commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely,comprehensive,and objective monitoring and verification support(MVS)*** MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Inventory Guidelines in ***,the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of ***,we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)with four-dimensional variational(4DVar)data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting-greenhouse gas(WRF-GHG)*** China Carbon Monito ring and Verification Support at the Regional level(CCMVS-R)system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO_(2)and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon *** CO_(2)data were collected from six ground-based monito ring sites in Shanxi Province,China to verify the inversion effect of regio nal anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method(at 27 and 9 km).The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO_(2)decreased significantly,with a root-mean-square error of CO_(2)concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to

关键词： CCMVS-R Regional carbon assimilation system Anthropogenic carbon emissions CO_(2) POD 4DVar

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Intensified wintertime secondary inorganic aerosol formation during heavy haze pollution episodes(HPEs) in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 503-513页

作者： Lingyan Wu Xiaoye Zhang Junying Sun Yu Wang junting zhong Zhaoyang Meng State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Air pollution in China is complex,and the formation mechanism of chemical components in particulate matter is still *** study selected three consecutive heavy haze pollution episodes(HPEs)during winter in Beijing for continuous field observation,including an episode with heavy air pollution under red *** days during the observation period were selected for *** HPE characteristics of Beijing in winter were:under the influence of adverse meteorological conditions such as high relative humidity,temperature inversion and low wind speed;and strengthening of secondary transformation reactions,which further intensified the accumulation of secondary aerosols and other pollutants,promoting the explosive growth of PM_(2.5).PM_(2.5)/CO values,as indicators of the contribution of secondary transformation in PM_(2.5),were approximately 2 times higher in the HPEs than the average PM_(2.5)/CO during the clean *** secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate nitrate and ammonium salt)were significantly enhanced during the HPEs,and the conversion coefficients were remarkably *** addition,it is interesting to observe that the production of sulfate tended to exceed that of nitrate in the late stage of all three *** existence of aqueous phase reactions led to the explosive growth sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR)and rapid generation of sulfate under high relative humidity(RH>70%).

关键词： Water-soluble ions PM_(2.5) Heavy haze pollution episodes(HPEs) Sulfate Nitrate Secondary aerosol processes

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The impact of meteorological changes from 2013 to 2017 on PM2.5 mass reduction in key regions in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第12期62卷 1885-1902页

作者： Xiaoye ZHANG Xiangde XU Yihui DING Yanju LIU Hengde ZHANG Yaqiang WANG junting zhong Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

In 2013,China issued the"Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution"("Ten Statements of Atmosphere")and implemented a series of pollution reduction measures from 2013 to *** key regions of China,the mass concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameters less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)have dropped ***,the contributions of meteorological changes to PM2.5 reduction are largely uncertain,which has attracted particular concern from the government and the ***,we investigated the impact of large-scale and boundary layer(BL)meteorological conditions on aerosol pollution and estimated the contributions of meteorological changes to PM2.5 reduction based on in-depth analysis and diagnosis of various observed meteorological elements and an integrated pollution-linked meteorological index(PLAM,which is approximately and linearly related to PM mass concentration).In this study,we found that the meteorological conditions worsened in 2014 and 2015 and improved in 2016 and 2017 relative to those in 2013 in key regions in *** 2017 relative to 2013,only^5%(approximately 13%of the total PM2.5 decline)of the 39.6%reduction in PM2.5 mass concentrations can be attributed to meteorological changes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,and only^7%(approximately 20%of the total PM2.5 decline)of the 34.3%reduction can be attributable to meteorological changes in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)***,the PM2.5 reduction due to meteorological improvement is much lower than the observed PM2.5 reduction in these areas,which indicates that emission reduction during the five-year implementation of the"Ten Statements of Atmosphere"is the dominant factor in the improvement in air *** changes in meteorology and climate are conducive to PM2.5 reduction but do not dominate the substantial improvement in air *** to the above regions,in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,the impact of meteorological changes on the

关键词： Quantifying unfavorable meteorological conditions Contribution of Meteorological Conditions to PM2.5 Change Ten Statements of Atmosphere

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Robust prediction of hourly PM2.5 from meteorological data using LightGBM

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National Science Review 2021年第10期8卷 115-126页

作者： junting zhong Xiaoye Zhang Ke Gui Yaqiang Wang Huizheng Che Xiaojing Shen Lei Zhang Yangmei Zhang Junying Sun Wenjie Zhang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Retrieving historical fine particulate matter(PM2.5) data is key for evaluating the long-term impacts of PM2.5on the environment, human health and climate change. Satellite-based aerosol optical depth has been used to estimate PM2.5, but estimations have largely been undermined by massive missing values, low sampling frequency and weak predictive capability. Here, using a novel feature engineering approach to incorporate spatial effects from meteorological data, we developed a robust Light GBM model that predicts PM2.5at an unprecedented predictive capacity on hourly（R2= 0.75）, daily（R2= 0.84）, monthly（R2= 0.88） and annual（R2= 0.87） timescales. By taking advantage of spatial features, our model can also construct hourly gridded networks of PM2.5. This capability would be further enhanced if meteorological observations from regional stations were incorporated. Our results show that this model has great potential in reconstructing historical PM2.5datasets and real-time gridded networks at high spatial-temporal resolutions. The resulting datasets can be assimilated into models to produce long-term re-analysis that incorporates interactions between aerosols and physical processes.

关键词： PM2.5 spatial features hourly prediction high accuracy gridded networks

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Atmospheric Particle Hygroscopicity and the Influence by Oxidation State of Organic Aerosols in Urban Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 544-556页

作者： Sinan Zhang Xiaojing Shen Junying Sun Yangmei Zhang Xiaoye Zhang Can Xia Xinyao Hu junting zhong Jialing Wang Shuo Liu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

A hygroscopic tandem differentialmobility analyser(H-TDMA)was used to observe the sizeresolved hygroscopic characteristics of submicron particles in January and April 2018 in urban *** probability distribution of the hygroscopic growth factor(HGF-PDF)in winter and spring usually showed a bimodal pattern,with more hygroscopic mode(MH)being more *** seasonal variation in particle hygroscopicity was related to the origin of air mass,which received polluted southerly air masses in spring and clean northwesterly air masses in *** showed stronger hygroscopic behaviour during heavy pollution episodes(HPEs)with elevated concentrations of secondary aerosols,especially higher mass fraction of nitrate,which were indicated using the PM2.5(particulate matter with diameter below 2.5μm)mass concentration normalised by CO mass *** hygroscopic parameter(κ)values were calculated using H-TDMA(κhtdma)and chemical composition(κchem).The closure study showed thatκchem was overestimated in winter afternoon when compared withκhtdma,because the organic particle hygroscopic parameter(κorg)was overestimated in the *** was influenced by the presence of a high concentration of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA)with a weak water uptake ability.A positive relationship was observed betweenκorg and the ratio of oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA)and HOA,thereby indicating that the strong oxidation state enhanced the hygroscopicity of the *** study revealed the effect of local emission sources and secondary aerosol formation processes on particle hygroscopicity,which is of great significance for understanding the pollution formation mechanism in the North China Plain.

关键词： H-TDMA Hygroscopic parameter (κ) Organic aerosols Oxidation state Heavy pollution episode (HPE)

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The Significant Contribution of Small-Sized and Spherical Aerosol Particles to the Decreasing Trend in Total Aerosol Optical Depth over Land from 2003 to 2018

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 82-92页

作者： Ke Gui Huizheng Che Lei Li Yu Zheng Lei Zhang Hujia Zhao junting zhong Wenrui Yao Yuanxin Liang Yaqiang Wang Xiaoye Zhang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110166China

The optical and microphysical properties of aerosols remain one of the greatest uncertainties associated with evaluating the climate forcing attributed to *** the trends in aerosol optical depth(AOD)at global and regional scales have been widely examined,little attention has been paid to the trends in type-dependent AODs related to aerosol particle ***,using the aerosol optical component dataset from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MISR)instrument,we investigate decadal-scale trends in total aerosol loading as well as AODs for five aerosol components by particle size and morphology during 2003–2018 over *** between the total AOD(TAOD)trends and type-dependent AOD changes were examined,and the relative contribution of each type-dependent AOD to the overall TAOD trends was *** dividing the TAOD values into four different aerosol pollution levels(APLs)with splits at 0.15,0.40,and 0.80,we further explored the relationships between TAOD changes and interannual variations in the frequency-of-occurrences(FoOs)of these ***-term trends in FoOs in the different APLs show that there was a significant improvement in air quality between 2003 and 2018 in most land areas,except South Asia,corresponding to a shift from lightly polluted to clean ***,the effects of different APLs on TAOD changes are regionally dependent and their extent of correlation varied ***,we observed that the annual mean TAOD has decreased by 0.47%.a^(-1)over land since 2003(P<0.05).This significant reduction was mainly attributed to the continued reduction in small-sized(<0.7 mm diameter)AOD(SAOD)(-0.74%.a^(-1))and spherical AOD(SPAOD)(-0.46%.a^(-1)).Statistical analysis shows that SAOD and SPAOD respectively accounted for 57.5%and 89.6%of the TAOD,but contributed 82.6%and 90.4%of the trend in *** study suggests that small-sized and spherical aerosols composed of sulfate,organic matter,and black carbon play a

关键词： AOD MISR Aerosol pollution levels Aerosol type Particle size and morphology

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Modeling study on the roles of the deposition and transport of PM_(2.5) in air quality changes over central-eastern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 535-544页

作者： Lei Zhang Jianjun He Sunling Gong Xiaomei Guo Tianliang Zhao Huizheng Che Hong Wang Chunhong Zhou Jingyue Mo Ke Gui Yu Zheng Lei Li junting zhong Xiaoye Zhang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072China Weather Modification Office of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072China Climate and Weather Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The role of PM_(2.5)(particles with aerodynamic diameters≤_(2.5)μm)deposition in air quality changes over China remains *** using the three-year(2013,2015,and 2017)simulation results of the WRF/CUACE v1.0 model from a previous work(Zhang et al.,2021),a non-linear relationship between the deposition of PM_(2.5)and anthropogenic emissions over central-eastern China in cold seasons as well as in different life stages of haze events was ***_(2.5)deposition is spatially distributed differently from PM_(2.5)concentrations and anthropogenic emissions over *** North China Plain(NCP)is typically characterized by higher anthropogenic emissions compared to southern China,such as the middlelow reaches of Yangtze River(MLYR),which includes parts of the Yangtze River Delta and the ***,PM_(2.5)deposition in the NCP is significantly lower than that in the MLYR region,suggesting that in addition to meteorology and emissions,lower deposition is another important factor in the increase in haze *** transport of pollution in central-eastern China acts as a moderator of pollution levels in different regions,for example by bringing pollution from the NCP to the MLYR region in cold *** was found that in typical haze events the deposition flux of PM_(2.5)during the removal stages is substantially higher than that in accumulation stages,with most of the PM_(2.5)being transported southward and deposited to the MLYR and Sichuan Basin region,corresponding to a latitude range of about 24°N-31°N.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Deposition Regional transport China WRF/CUACE v1.0 model

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Aerosol Hygroscopicity during the Haze Red-Alert Period in December 2016 at a Rural Site of the North China Plain

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 38-48页

作者： Xuefei QI Junying SUN Lu ZHANG Xiaojing SHEN Xiaoye ZHANG Yangmei ZHANG Yaqiang WANG Haochi CHE Zhouxiang ZHANG junting zhong Kaiyan TAN Huarong ZHAO Sanxue REN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather、Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Integrated Ecological-Meteorological Observation and Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081

A humidification system was deployed to measure aerosol hygroscopicity at a rural site of the North China Plain during the haze red-alert period 17–22 December 2016. The aerosol scattering coefficients under dry [relative humidity（RH）〈 30%] and wet（RH in the range of 40%–85%） conditions were simultaneously measured at wavelengths of450, 550, and 700 nm. It is found that the aerosol scattering coefficient and backscattering coefficient increased by only 29% and 10%, respectively when RH went up from 40% to 80%, while the hemispheric backscatter fraction went down by 14%, implying that the aerosol hygroscopicity represented by the aerosol scattering enhancement factor f（RH） is relatively low and RH exerted little effects on the aerosol light scattering in this case. The scattering enhancement factors do not show significant differences at the three wavelengths, only with an approximate 2% variation, suggesting that the aerosol hygroscopicity is independent of the wavelength. Aerosol hygroscopicity is highly dependent on the aerosol chemical composition. When there is a large mass fraction of inorganics and a small mass fraction of organic matter, f（RH） reaches a high value. The fraction of NO3^- was strongly correlated with the aerosol scattering coefficient at RH = 80%, which suggests that NO3^- played an important role in aerosol hygroscopic growth during the heavy pollution period.

关键词： aerosol hygroscopicity scattering enhancement factor chemical composition

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Comparison of Submicron Particles at a Rural and an Urban Site in the North China Plain during the December 2016 Heavy Pollution Episodes

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 26-37页

作者： Xiaojing SHEN Junying SUN Xiaoye ZHANG Yangmei ZHANG Yaqiang WANG Kaiyan TAN Peng WANG Lu ZHANG Xuefei QI Haochi CHE Zhouxiang ZHANG junting zhong Huarong ZHAO Sanxue REN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Integrated Ecological–Meteorological Observation and Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Longfengshan Atmospheric Background Regional Station Heilongjiang Provincial Meteorological Bureau

An extensive field experiment for measurement of physical and chemical properties of aerosols was conducted at an urban site in the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences（CAMS） in Beijing and at a rural site in Gucheng（GC）, Hebei Province in December 2016. This paper compares the number size distribution of submicron particle matter（PM1, diameter 〈 1 μm） between the two sites. The results show that the mean PM1 number concentration at GC was twice that at CAMS, and the mass concentration was three times the amount at CAMS. It is found that the accumulation mode（100–850 nm） particles constituted the largest fraction of PM1 at GC, which was significantly correlated with the local coal combustion, as confirmed by a significant relationship between the accumulation mode and the absorption coefficient of soot particles. The high PM1 concentration at GC prevented the occurrence of new particle formation（NPF） events, while eight such events were observed at CAMS. During the NPF events, the mass fraction of sulfate increased significantly, indicating that sulfate played an important role in NPF. The contribution of regional transport to PM1 mass concentration was approximately 50% at both sites, same as that of the local emission. However, during the red-alert period when emission control took place, the contribution of regional transport was notably higher.

关键词： particle number size distribution new particle formation severe haze-fog events Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area Jing-Jin-Ji region submicron particles

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Relative Contributions of Boundary-Layer Meteorological Factors to the Explosive Growth of PM2.5 during the Red-Alert Heavy Pollution Episodes in Beijing in December 2016

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第5期31卷 809-819页

作者： junting zhong xiaoye zhang yaqiang wang junying sun yangmei zhang jizhi wang kaiyan tan xiaojing shen haochi che lu zhang zhouxiang zhang xuefei qi huarong zhao sanxue ren yang li state key laboratory of severe weather/key laboratory of atmospheric chemistry of china meteorological administration chinese academy of meteorological sciencesBeijing 100081 center for excellence in regional atmospheric environment institute of urban environmentchinese academy of sciencesBeijing 100081 integrated ecologica–meteorological observation and experimental station chinese academy of meteorological sciencesXiamen 361021 center for atmosphere watch and service meteorological observation centerchina meteorological administrationBeijing 100081

Based on observations of urban mass concentration of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter （PM2.5）, ground meteorological data, vertical measurements of winds, temperature, and relative humidity （RH）, and ECMWF reanalysis data, the major changes in the vertical structures of meteorological factors in the boundary layer （BL） during the heavy aerosol pollution episodes （HPEs） that occurred in winter 2016 in the urban Beijing area were analyzed. The HPEs are divided into two stages： the transport of pollutants under prevailing southerly winds, known as the transport stage （TS）, and the PM2.5 explosive growth and pollution accumulation period characterized by a temperature inversion with low winds and high RH in the lower BL, known as the cumulative stage （CS）. During the TS, a surface high lies south of Beijing, and pollutants are transported northwards. During the CS, a stable BL forms and is characterized by weak winds, temperature inversion, and moisture accumulation. Stable atmospheric stratifica- tion featured with light/calm winds and accumulated moisture （RH 〉 80%） below 250 m at the beginning of the CS is closely associated with the inversion, which is strengthened by the considerable decrease in near-surface air temperat- ure due to the interaction between aerosols and radiation after the aerosol pollution occurs. A significant increase in the PLAM （Parameter Linking Aerosol Pollution and Meteorological Elements） index is found, which is linearly re- lated to PM mass change. During the first 10 h of the CS, the more stable BL contributes approximately 84% of the explosive growth of PM2.5 mass. Additional accumulated near-surface moisture caused by the ground temperature de- crease, weak turbulent diffusion, low BL height, and inhibited vertical mixing of water vapor is conducive to the sec- ondary aerosol formation through chemical reactions, including liquid phase and heterogeneous reactions, which fur- ther increases the PM2.5 concentration

关键词： explosive growth of PM2.5 pollutant transport anomalous temperature inversion moisture accumula-tion light or calm winds

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