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Crustal structure of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau by receiver function inversion

Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第4期57卷 741-750页

作者： LIU QiMin zhao junmeng LU Fang LIU HongBing Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Seismological Bureau of Hubei Province

Using seismic data of about one year recorded by 18 broadband stations of ASCENT project, we obtained 2547 receiver func- tions in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The Moho depths under 14 stations were calculated by applying the H-x domain search algorithm. The Moho depths under the stations with lower signal-noise ratio （SNR） were estimated by the time delay of the PS conversion. Results show that the Moho depth varies in a range of -40--60 kin. The Moho near the Haiyuan fault is vague, and its depth is larger than those on its two sides. In the Qinling-Qilian Block, the Moho becomes shallower gradually from west to east. To the east of 105~E, the average depth of the Moho is 45 km, whereas the west is 50 km or even deeper. Combining our results with surface wave research, we suggest a boundary between the Qinling and the Qilian Mountains at around 105~E. S wave velocities beneath 15 stations have been obtained through a linear inversion by using Crust2.0 as an ini- tial model, and the crustal thickness that was derived by H-x domain search algorithm was also taken into account. The results are very similar to the results of previous active source studies. The resulting figure indicates that low velocity layers devel- oped in the middle and lower crust beneath the transition zone of the Tibet Block and western Qinling, which may be related to regional faults and deep earth dynamics. The velocity of the middle and lower crust increases from the Songpan Block to the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Based on the velocity of the crust, the distribution of the low velocity zone and the composition of the curst （Poisson＇s ratio）, we infer that the crust thickening results from the crust shortening along the direc- tion of compression.

关键词： northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau receiver function crustal structure crust flow

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Lithospheric structure and geodynamic properties of the Tibetan plateau and its adjacent regions

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Earthquake Science 2012年第5期25卷 353-362页

作者： junmeng zhao Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Tibetan plateau has an elevation of 4-5 km above sea level and a crustal thickness of -80 km （zhao et al., 2010d）, and its ongoing tectonic evolution is one of the most important Meso-Cenozoic events affect- ing... 详细信息

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Lower Crust Tarim Basin Qaidam Basin Lithospheric Structure

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Rupture process of the 2015 Pishan earthquake from joint inversion of InSAR, teleseismic data and GPS

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第10期61卷 1467-1481页

作者： Xun WANG Weimin WANG junmeng zhao Zhenxing YAO Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

An earthquake of Mw6.4 occurred in Pishan County in Xinjiang Province, northwestern Tibetan Plateau, on July 3,2015. The epicenter was located on an active blind thrust system located at the northern margin of the Western Kunlun Mountain Orogenic Belt southwest of the Tarim Basin. We constructed a shovel-shaped fault model based on the layered-crust model with reference to the seismic reflection profile, and obtained the rupture process of the earthquake from the joint inversion of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR) measurements, far-field waveform data, and Global Positioning System(GPS) data. The results show that the seismic fault dips southward with a strike of 109°, and the rupture direction was essentially northward. The fault plane rupture distribution is concentrated, with a maximum recorded slip of 73 cm. The main features of the fault are as follows: low inclination angle(25°–10°), thrust slip at a depth of 9–13 km, rupture propagation time of about 12 s, no significant slip in soft or hard sedimentary layers at 0–4 km depth and propagation from the initial rupture point to the surrounding area with no obvious directionality. The InSAR time-series analysis method is used to determine the deformation rate in the source region within 2 years after the earthquake, and the maximum value is ~17 mm yr-1 in the radar line-of-sight direction. Obvious post-earthquake deformation is evident in the hanging wall, with a similar trend to the coseismic displacement field. These results suggest that the Pishan earthquake has not completely released the accumulated energy of the region, given that the multilayer fold structure above the blind fault is still in a process of slow uplift since the earthquake. Post-earthquake adjustment models and aftershock risk analysis require further study using more independent data.

关键词： Pishan earthquake Source process Joint inversion Post-earthquake deformation

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Seismic P-wave tomography in eastern Tibet: Formation of the rifts

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第23期56卷 2450-2455页

作者： ZHANG Heng zhao junmeng XU Qiang Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085China

为更好学习在裂缝和深结构之间的关系，在东方西藏下面的详细 P 波浪速度结构从由 51 个便携式的车站记录的 169 个 teleseismic 事件用 4767 到达时间被建模。在通过模型的水平片，一个突出的低速度的异例从表面在裂缝下面被检测到 250... 详细信息

为更好学习在裂缝和深结构之间的关系，在东方西藏下面的详细 P 波浪速度结构从由 51 个便携式的车站记录的 169 个 teleseismic 事件用 4767 到达时间被建模。在通过模型的水平片，一个突出的低速度的异例从表面在裂缝下面被检测到 250 km 的深度；这在垂直的片延长到 400 km 的深度。这个低速度的异例作为上面的披风 upwelling 被解释。做的观察为纵贯的 trending 裂缝的形成提供地震证据。低速度的异例的东方，一个清楚的高速度的异例在 40 和 200 km 的深度之间被发现。由于它的浅深度，我们建议它从古老的大陆人闭合而非印度板由材料组成。从 250 ～ 400 km 的深度，一个高速度的异例出现到 Jiali 差错的南方。这个异例可以对应于在喜玛拉雅的块下面从表面分开了的印度板的北边。我们建议印度板 underthrusts 不在东方西藏比 Jiali 差错推进。

关键词： P波速度结构西藏东部层析成像裂谷地震速度异常印度板块水平切片

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Upper-Mantle Velocity Heterogeneity of Eastern Tibetan Plateau from Teleseismic P-Wave Tomography and Its Tectonic Implications

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第1期34卷 280-290页

作者： Shahpara Sheikh Dola junmeng zhao Heng Zhang Shunping Pei State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Nuclear Safety Security&Safeguards Division(NSSSD)Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority(BAERA)Dhaka1207Bangladesh

An attempt has been made to reveal the upper mantle velocity structure of the eastern Tibetan Plateau using 628 teleseismic events recorded from 2003 to 2009 at 95 stations.A total of 8 532 Pwave arrival time residuals were inverted by using the FMTOMO(fast marching tomography) software *** results show upper mantle velocity heterogeneity in many *** the southern part visible high velocity anomaly is denoted as the Indian *** part seems to be affected by slab tearing at 940E longitude as it is located on the eastern Himalayan syntaxis(EHS).The high velocity zone down to 500 km depth in the northern part could be the Asian *** the central part some high velocity anomalies can be identified as detached patches of the lithosphere,surrounded by low velocity *** anomalies are the potential to create thermal convection and trigger plateau uplift or plateau *** velocity change occurs on both sides of patches where low velocity anomaly is visible in between patches and Bangong-Nujiang suture even in between Songpan-Ganzi terrain and Asian *** both cases intense low velocity zone spread down to 500 *** depth range of low velocity anomalies in between two plates observed from 200 to-500 *** the low velocity anomalies detected in our results may reflect either the hot asthenosphere upwelling or the mantle wedge due to the presence of the cold lithosphere.

关键词： upper mantle tomography eastern Tibetan Plateau FMTOMO velocity heterogeneity

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Focal depth estimates of earthquakes in the Himalayan-Tibetan region from teleseismic waveform modeling

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Earthquake Science 2012年第5期25卷 459-468页

作者： Ling Bai Jeroen Ritsema junmeng zhao Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Michigan

We estimate the focal depths and fault plane solutions of 46 moderate earthquakes in the Himalayan- Tibetan region by modeling the broadband waveforms of teleseismic P waves. The depths of 38 of these earth- quakes range between 0-40 km, with a peak at -5 km. One earthquake is located within the lower crust of the Indian shield. The remaining eight earthquakes occurred between depths of 80 -120 km and are all located in the Pamir-Hindu Kush and the Indo-Myanmar deep seismic zones. None of the earthquakes outside these deep seismic zones are located in the mantle. Global centroid moment tensor （CMT） solutions indicate that most earthquakes in northern Tibet and northern India had thrust-faulting mechanisms and that normal and strike-slip faulting earthquakes occurred primarily in central Tibet. These mechanisms are consistent with the predominantly NNW-SSE compression in the direction of current Himalayan-Tibetan continental collision.

关键词： continental collision zone Tibetan plateau focal depth strength of the continental lithosphere

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Characteristic of crustal structure beneath the rifts in southern Tibetan plateau

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Earthquake Science 2009年第4期22卷 373-377页

作者： Yang Lei Liu Hongbing zhao junmeng Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academic of Sciences Beoing 10085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academic of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The method of 2-D travel time inversion, which can be applied to determining 2-D velocity structure and interfaces simultaneously, is used in this paper to reprocess the data of Paiku Co-Pumoyingcuo seismic profile across the Nyima-Tingri rift and Shenzha-Dinggye rift. P-wave velocity structure and interfaces beneath the profile are obtained. The interfaces in the crust near Tingri and Dinggye which are located on rifts have a tendency to uplift, and velocities of middle and lower crusts are high. Low velocity layer in upper crust has an offset. Compared with the distribution of the earthquakes in this region, it is speculated that normal faults near Tingri and Dinggye extend to the upper mantle. Apparently it is affected by deep material： the uplift of mantle causes partial melting in the crust, thus the thickness of crust in this area becomes thin, and tension failures occur in this region easily. On the basis of the characteristics of the earthquakes＇ distribution and the structures of the crustal velocity and interfaces, materials from the mantle still uplifts and the failures are still active.

关键词： riffs Southern Tibet travel time inversion velocity structure crustal interface

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Moho offset beneath the central Bangong-Nujiang suture of Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第7期55卷 607-613页

作者： XU Qiang zhao junmeng CUI ZhongXiong PEI ShunPing LIU HongBing Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

By analyzing teleseismic waveforms recorded by 53 stations of Hi-Climb profile passing through the central Bangong-Nujiang suture(BNS) ,a total of 4764 high-quality receiver functions are *** average crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio beneath each station are estimated using the travel time of Ps and PpPs of the *** discontinuities such as the Moho,the 410and 660-km interfaces are also studied using the common converted points(CCP) time to depth migration of receiver functions. The main results are as follows:(1) The Moho of Lhasa terrane and that of Qiangtang terrane nearby BNS are overridden and offset by～10 *** structural geometry shows a northward uplifting and the southward deepening for the Moho of Lhasa terrane and Qiangtang terrane,respectively,which is related to the reactivated structure beneath BNS since Cenozoic era.(2) The variation range of Poisson's ratios along the profile is between 0.237 and 0.280,indicating that the crust is mainly composed of felsic and intermediate *** anti-correlation between the crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio suggests that thicker crust beneath the southern Qiangtang terrane may be related to the successive thrust of felsic and intermediate rock of Lhasa terrane.(3) The thickness of the mantle transition zone along the profile remains about 255 km,implying that the tectonic activities caused by the India-Asia collision are confined to the depths above 410 km.

关键词：西藏高原缝合怒江中央羌塘地体地壳厚度旅行时间几何结构

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Structural characteristics of the basement and the prospective of favorable oil and gas blocks in the Tacheng basin

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Earthquake Science 2012年第5期25卷 527-534页

作者： Guoqing Zhang junmeng zhao Hua Bai Ming Wan Xiaoyang Guo Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyPetroChina Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Tacheng basin has been identified as a Carboniferous basement with a central uplift, sur- rounded by orogenic belts. This identification was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, regional magnetic and gravimetric data, skeleton seismic profiles, magnetotelluric profiles and drilling data. Here, we present gravimetric and magnetic data analyses of the basement structures of the Tacheng basin and its base formation. We also provide a magnetotelluric profile analysis of the structural features and tectonic framework of basin-mountain patterns. We use local geology, drilling data, and other comprehensive information to document the tectonic framework of the basement of the basin. Small-scale nappe structures are found in the northern basin, whereas stronger and more pronounced thrusting structures are found to the south and east of the basin. The basin is divided into four first-order tectonic units： a central uplift, a northern depression, a southeastern depression and a western depression. In addition, the Emin sag is suggested as a possible reservoir for oil and gas.

关键词： northern Xinjiang Tacheng basin basement structure basin and mountain relation-ship tectonic unit division favorable area

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Crustal flow beneath the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau

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Earthquake Science 2012年第5期25卷 469-483页

作者： Jieshou Zhu junmeng zhao Xiaotao Jiang Jun Fan Chuntao Liang Department of Geophysics Chengdu University of Technology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province

In large continental orogens, an important research topic is the behavior of deep crustal and upper mantle deformation, and the flow styles of ductile material. The morphology of the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, adjacent to the Sichuan basin, is characterized by very steep relief with high mountain ranges. The crust beneath this region slows the velocities in the middle and lower crust. We have adopted a relatively dense network to inverse the detailed structure of the crust and upper mantle along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and Sichuan basin, using teleseismic data via receiver function analysis. The results are in-line with the hypothesis that viscous crustal material is flowing beneath the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and that this process drives overlying crustal material around the strong and rigid Sichuan basin. When the viscous material hits this obstruction, flows are divided into two or more branches with different directions. The upper part of the upwelling viscous flow produces the pressure to intrude the upper crust, thereby driving uplift of mountain ranges and high peaks. In contrast, the lower part of the downwelling viscous flow produces the pressure to intrude the lower crust and upper mantle to deepen the Moho discontinuity, causing observed crustal thickening.

关键词： eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau viscous crustal flow upwelling and downwelling mountain range uplift deepened Moho discontinuity

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