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Enhancing milk quality and modulating rectal microbiota of dairy goats in starch‑rich diet:the role of bile acid supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 862-877页

作者： Qingyan Yin Junjian Yu Jiaxiao Li Tianci Zhang Tianyu Wang Yufei Zhu Jun Zhang junhu yao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiP.R.China DAYU Bioengineering(Xi’an)Industrial Development Research Institute Xi’an 710000ShaanxiP.R.China

Background Diets rich in starch have been shown to increase a risk of reducing milk fat content in dairy *** bile acids(BAs)have been used as a lipid emulsifier in monogastric and aquatic animals,their effect on ruminants is not well *** study aimed to investigate the impact of BAs supplementation on various aspects of dairy goat physiology,including milk composition,rumen fermentation,gut microbiota,and BA *** We randomly divided eighteen healthy primiparity lactating dairy goats(days in milk=100±6 d)into two groups and supplemented them with 0 or 4 g/d of BAs undergoing 5 weeks of feeding on a starch-rich *** results showed that BAs supplementation positively influenced milk yield and improved the quality of fatty acids in goat *** supplementation led to a reduction in saturated fatty acids(C16:0)and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids(cis-9 C18:1),resulting in a healthier milk fatty acid *** observed a significant increase in plasma total bile acid concentration while the proportion of rumen short-chain fatty acids was not ***,BAs supplementation induced significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota,favoring the enrichment of specific bacterial groups and altering the balance of microbial *** analysis revealed associations between specific bacterial groups(Bacillus and Christensenellaceae R-7 group)and BA types,suggesting a role for the gut microbiota in BA *** prediction analysis revealed notable changes in pathways associated with lipid metabolism,suggesting that BAs supplementation has the potential to modulate lipid-related *** These findings highlight the potential benefits of BAs supplementation in enhancing milk production,improving milk quality,and influencing metabolic pathways in dairy *** research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the broader implications of these findi

关键词： Bile acids Dairy goats Lipid metabolism Gut microbiota

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Dietary saccharin sodium supplementation improves the production performance of dairy goats without residue in milk in summer

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 166-176页

作者： Zhang, Xiongfei Lv, Jirong Hui, Jingtao Wu, Ao Zhao, Lichao Feng, Linyu Deng, Lu Yu, Miao Liu, Feng yao, junhu Lei, Xinjian Northwest A&F Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwest A&F Univ Key Lab Livestock Biol Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China DadHank Biotechnol Corp Sichuan Prov Anim Feeding Regulat Ctr Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Peoples R China

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary saccharin sodium supplementation on production performance, serum biochemical indicators, and rumen fermentation of dairy goats in summer. Twelve Guanzhong dairy goats with similar body weight, days in milk, and milk yield were randomly divided into two dietary treatments: (1) CON: basal diet; (2) SS: basal diet + 150 mg/kg saccharin sodium on the basis of dry matter. The experiment lasted 35 d, including 7 d for adaptation and 28 d for dietary treatments, sampling and data collection. Each dairy goat was housed individually in a clean separate pen with ad libitum access to diet and water. The goats fed SS diet had increased dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.037), 4% fat corrected milk yield (P = 0.049), energy corrected milk yield (P = 0.037), milk protein yield (P = 0.031), and total solids yield (P = 0.036). Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.047) and concentrations of 70-kDa heat shock protein (P = 0.090), malondialdehyde (P = 0.092), and total protein (P = 0.057) were lower in goats fed SS diet than those fed CON diet. Supplementation of saccharin sodium tended to increase activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum (P = 0.079). The concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acid (P = 0.042) and butyrate (P = 0.038) were increased by saccharin sodium supplementation. Dietary supplementation of saccharin sodium increased the relative abundance of Lachnobacterium (P = 0.022), Pseudoramibacter (P = 0.022), Shuttleworthia (P = 0.025), and Syntrophococcus (P = 0.037), but reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella_1 (P = 0.037) and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_008 (P = 0.037) in rumen. Saccharin sodium was observed in feces and urine of goats fed diet supplemented with saccharin sodium, but saccharin sodium was undetectable in the milk of goats receiving SS diet. In conclusion, administration of saccharin sodium was effective in increasing fat and energy corrected milk yield by increasing DM

关键词： Dairy goat Heat stress Production performance Rumen fermentation Rumen microorganisms Saccharin sodium HEAT-STRESS PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES RUMINAL FERMENTATION GROWTH-PERFORMANCE RUMEN FERMENTATION FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OXIDATIVE STATUS CLIMATE-CHANGE CALVES ADAPTATION

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胰岛素通路对围产期奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、健康状况和生产性能影响的研究进展

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动物营养学报 2024年第3期36卷 1436-1445页

作者：李磊姚军虎杨景张俊西北农林科技大学动物科技学院杨凌712100 陕西华秦农牧科技有限公司杨凌712100

围产期奶牛由于干物质摄入不足与能量输出增加,产生能量负平衡,导致机体代谢紊乱,引发营养代谢性疾病,阻碍奶牛养殖业的健康发展。胰岛素对肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪等组织的稳定代谢具有重要调控作用,体内胰岛素通路功能的正常可保证围产期... 详细信息

围产期奶牛由于干物质摄入不足与能量输出增加,产生能量负平衡,导致机体代谢紊乱,引发营养代谢性疾病,阻碍奶牛养殖业的健康发展。胰岛素对肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪等组织的稳定代谢具有重要调控作用,体内胰岛素通路功能的正常可保证围产期奶牛处于健康状态,降低营养代谢性疾病发生率。通过提高围产期奶牛能量代谢,改善氧化应激及胰岛素相关关键通路和激酶等方式可有效提高胰岛素敏感性,维持葡萄糖和脂质代谢稳态,提高健康状况和生产性能。本文阐述了胰岛素通路调控各组织代谢的作用机制、胰岛素抵抗的发生及对围产期奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、健康状况和生产性能的影响,并揭示相应的调控措施,为预防围产期奶牛营养代谢性疾病提供理论参考依据。

关键词：围产期奶牛胰岛素通路糖代谢脂代谢营养调控

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Regulation of pancreatic exocrine in ruminants and the related mechanism: The signal transduction and more

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1145-1151页

作者： Long Guo junhu yao Yangchun Cao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi712100China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University Lanzhou730020China College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730020China

The unique structure of the stomach,including the rumen,reticulum,omasum,and abomasum,indicates the differences between the ruminant and monogastric animals in the digestion of *** difference is reflected in the majority of dietary nutrients that may be fermented in the *** proteins and a certain amount of starch can flow to the small intestine apart from *** initial phase of small intestinal digestion requires pancreatic digestive *** theory,the enzymatic digestion and utilization efficiency of starch in the small intestine are considerably higher than that in the rumen,but the starch digestibility in the small intestine is quite low in ***,improving the digestion of nutrients,especially starch in the small intestine is more urgent for high-yield *** the pancreas plays a central role in nutrient digestion,the progress of research investigating pancreatic exocrine regulation in the ruminant is slow due to some factors,such as the complex structure of the pancreas,the selection of experimental model and duration,and internal(hormones or ages) and external(diet) *** present review is based on the research findings of pancreatic exocrine regulation of dairy animals and expounded from the physiological structure of the ruminant pancreas,the factors affecting the digestion and exocrine processing of carbohydrates,and the regulatory mechanism governing this *** review aims to better understand the characteristics of enzymatic digestion,thereby advancing pancreatic exocrine research and improving the digestion and utilization of nutrients in ***,this review provides the theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization efficiency,reducing wastage of feed resources,and promoting the efficient development of the dairy industry.

关键词： Ruminant Pancreas Exocrine function Starch

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陕西地区某奶牛场TMR诊断和日常管理分析

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家畜生态学报 2024年第2期45卷 19-27页

作者：张帆张俊杨婷王弘浩姚军虎曹阳春西北农林科技大学动物科技学院陕西杨凌712100

为了调查奶牛场对TMR的应用及其奶牛的日常管理情况,以陕西泾阳某奶牛场引进的澳大利亚全群泌乳奶牛为研究对象,分析全混合日粮(Total mixed ration,TMR)的营养成分和颗粒分布及粪便评分、体况评分、奶牛的泌乳性能与养殖场的养殖效益,... 详细信息

为了调查奶牛场对TMR的应用及其奶牛的日常管理情况,以陕西泾阳某奶牛场引进的澳大利亚全群泌乳奶牛为研究对象,分析全混合日粮(Total mixed ration,TMR)的营养成分和颗粒分布及粪便评分、体况评分、奶牛的泌乳性能与养殖场的养殖效益,发现生产实践中存在的问题,提出相应的措施。结果表明:高中产群TMR含水量符合推荐标准,低产群的TMR含水量高出推荐值1.58%,高产群饲粮磷含量显著高于中产和低产群(P19.00 mm)比例3组均高于推荐值,第二层(8.00 mm~19.00 mm)比例、第三层(1.18 mm~8.00 mm)和第四层(<1.18 mm)比例高中产群均符合推荐值,低产群低于或高于推荐标准。奶牛场的饲槽评分都低于推荐的标准分3分;随泌乳水平的降低,粪便评分显著升高(P<0.05),躺卧率均高于80%,体况评分高于推荐标准,牛群整体偏肥。奶牛的泌乳效率、产奶量及乳脂率随泌乳水平的上升显著增加(P<0.05),高产群乳中的蛋白含量及乳脂乳蛋白比(脂蛋比)显著低于低产群,乳糖含量显著高于低产群(P<0.05),3组牛群乳中的体细胞数均小于20×104/mL。泌乳收益受原奶收购标准的影响很大,不同的收购标准在高产和低产组的收益存在很大差异,其中高产组的收益远大于低产组。综上,该奶牛场的TMR营养成分不均衡,某些营养成分超出或低于推荐标准,日常管理水平较低,造成日粮营养无法满足奶牛生长需要、饲料浪费以及奶牛生产性能低,最终造成经济效益不高。

关键词：奶牛场泌乳奶牛 TMR 生产性能

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Tracing enterococci persistence along a pork production chain from feed to food in China

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 223-232页

作者： Jianfei Zhao Rui Liu Yanpeng Sun Xiaojun Yang junhu yao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest Agriculture&Forestry UniversityYangling712100China

The prevalence and transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE)in enterococci being as probiotics has been neglected in the scientific *** application of enterococci in feed,food and health products may cause VRE transmission through the food *** study evaluated phenotypic resistance of Enterococcus species to 20 antibiotics along a pork production chain from feed to *** also assessed the genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecium isolates.A total of 510 samples(feed,n=70;swine manure,n=400;swine carcasses,n=20,and retail pork,n=20)were collected in Beijing,China.A total of 328 enterococci isolates with 275 *** and 53 Enterococcus faecalis were identified using 16 S *** susceptibility to all enterococci isolates was conducted using the KeB method for 20 antibiotics from 9 *** sequence typing(MLST)was conducted on the *** isolates to survey the dissemination of enterococci in the pig *** results showed that only 26 enterococci isolates were sensitive to the 20 antibiotics,while half of the isolates(164/328)had acquired multi-drug *** resistant rate to furazolidone was 68.60%,followed by 42.99%to *** vancomycin-resistant *** isolates were isolated from feed origin and 2 from manure origin,with minimum inhibitory concentrations to vancomycin of 1,024,64,and 64 mg/mL,*** MLST outcomes showed that the 275 *** isolates belonged to 11 sequence types(ST)including ST40,ST60,ST94,ST160,ST178,ST296,ST361,ST695,ST726,ST812 and *** ST of the feedsourced VRE was ST1014,while the 2 manure-sourced VRE was ***1014 evolved from ST78,which was the dominant clonal complex in most cities of China,leading to the spreading of *** findings revealed the potential safety hazards of commercial probiotic enterococci in China and showed that there is a risk of the VRE horizontally transferring from feed to food.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Multilocus sequence typing Vancomycin-resistant enterococci

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Optimizing the growth and immune system of dairy calves by subdividing the pre-weaning period and providing different milk volumes for each stage

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1296-1302页

作者： Shengru Wu Xiaoyong Li Xiaodong Chen Yufei Zhu junhu yao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Baoji Farm of Modern Farming BaojiShaanxi 721000PR China

In systematically considering the advantages and disadvantages of complementarity in high or low milk feeding,novel milk feeding schemes involving altering the volume of supplied milk in different stages of the pre-weaning period but maintaining the total milk feeding volume were ***-seven newborn male Holstein calves were selected and randomly assigned to 3 *** in the control(CON)group were fed 7 L of milk daily from 4 to 66 d of *** in the low-high(LH)group were fed 6 L of milk daily at the beginning,and then the daily feeding volume was later increased to 7 to 8 L of milk,which served as the early-period low-volume feeding *** calves in the high-low(HL)group were fed 7 to 8 L daily at the beginning,and then the daily feeding volume was decreased to 6 L of milk,which served as the early-period high-volume feeding *** all calves were fed 3 L of milk daily from 67 to 70 d of age,weaned at 70 d of age,and then fed starter feed to 100 d of *** calves had access to the starter feed from 15 to 100 d of *** diarrheal condition of calves was recorded daily and the growth performance including the starter feed intake and body weight of calves was recorded at 70 and 100 d of ***,five 100-d-old calves from each treatment were sampled for measurement of plasma indices,ruminal morphology,and volatile fatty *** compared with the CON and LH groups,calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased body weight and lower diarrhoeal *** compared with the CON group,calves in the HL group exhibited a significantly increased average daily feed intake,ruminal epithelium papillae length,total volatile fatty acids,and percentages of propionate and ***,the significantly increased plasma immunoglobulin G(IgG)content and a trend of decreased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)content(P=0.083)were also identified in the HL group when compared with the CON ***,the early-period high-volume feeding

关键词： Milk feeding Pre-weaning calf Immune function Growth performance

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1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D_3 modulates calcium transport in goat mammary epithelial cells in a dose- and energydependent manner

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 588-598页

作者： Feifei Sun Yangchun Cao Chao Yu Xiaoshi Wei junhu yao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University

Background： Calcium is a vital mineral and an indispensable component of milk for ruminants. The regulation of transcellular calcium transport by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 （1,25-（OH）2D3, the active form of vitamin D） has been confirmed in humans and rodents, and regulators, including vitamin D receptor （VDR）, calcium binding protein Dgk （calbindin-Dgk）, plasma membrane Ca2＋-ATPase ] b （PMCAlb）, PMAC2b and Oral1, are involved in this process. However, it is still unclear whether 1,25-（OH）2D3 could stimulate calcium transport in the ruminant mammary gland. The present trials were conducted to study the effect of 1,25-（OH）2D3 supplementation and energy availability on the expression of genes and proteins related to calcium secretion in goat mammary epithelial cells. Methods： An in vitro culture method for goat secreting mammary epithelial cells was successfully established. The cells were treated with different doses of 1,25-（OH）2D3 （0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 nmol/L） for calcium transport research, followed by a 3-bromopyruvate （3-BrPA, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism） treatment to determine its dependence on glucose availability. Cell proliferation ratios, glucose consumption and enzyme activities were measured with commercial kits, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR）, and western blots were used to determine the expression of genes and proteins associated with mammary calcium transport in dairy goats, respectively. Results： 1,25-（OH）2D3 promoted cell proliferation and the expression of genes involved in calcium transport in a dose-dependent manner when the concentration did not exceed 10.0 nmol/L. In addition, 100.0 nmol/L 1,25-（OH） 2D3 inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of associated genes compared with the 10.0 nmol/L treatment. The inhibition of hexokinase 2 （HK2）, a rate-limiting enzyme in glucose metabolism, decreased the expression of PMCA1 b and PMCA2b at the mRNA and protein levels as well as the transcription of Or

关键词： Calcium Dairy goat Glucose Transport Vitamin D

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High rumen degradable starch diet induced blood bile acids profile changes and hepatic inflammatory response in dairy goats

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 121-129页

作者： Lixin Zheng Jing Shen Xiaoying Han Chunjia Jin Xiaodong Chen junhu yao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina Newhope Dairy Co. LtdChengduChina

The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of rumen degradable starch(RDS)on bile acid metabolism and liver transcription in dairy goats using metabolomics and *** Guanzhong dairy goats of a similar weight and production level(body weight=45.8±1.54 kg,milk yield=1.75±0.08 kg,and second parity)were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups where they were fed a low RDS(LRDS,RDS=20.52%DM)diet,medium RDS(MRDS,RDS=22.15%DM)diet,or high RDS(HRDS,RDS=24.88%DM)diet,*** goats were fed with the experimental diets for *** the last day of the experiment,all goats were anesthetized,and peripheral blood and liver tissue samples were *** peripheral blood samples were used in metabolomic analysis and white blood cell(WBC)count,whereas the liver tissue samples were used in transcriptomic *** on the metabolomics results,the relative abundances of primary bile acids in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced in the group that was fed the HRDS diet(P<0.05).The WBC count was significantly increased in the HRDS group compared with that in the LRDS and MRDS groups(P<0.01),indicating that there was inflammation in the HRDS *** analysis showed that 4 genes related to bile acid secretion(genes:MDR1,RXRa,AE2,SULT2A1)were significantly downregulated in the HRDS *** addition,genes related to the immune response were upregulated in the HRDS group,suggesting the HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response mediated by lipopolysaccharides(LPS)(gene:LBP),activated the Toll-like receptor 4 binding(genes:S100A8,S100A9)and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway(genes:LOC106503980,LOC108638497,CD40,LOC102180880,LOC102170970,LOC102175177,LBP,LOC102168903,LOC102185461,LY96 and CXCL8),triggered inflammation and complement responses(genes:C1QB,C1QC,and CFD).The HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response may be mediated by activating the Toll-like receptor 4 binding and NF-kappa B signaling pathway afte

关键词： Rumen-degradable starch Bile acid metabolism Liver inflammation Dairy goat

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Effect of in ovo folic acid injection on hepatic IGF2 expression and embryo growth of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 196-204页

作者： Yanli Liu Lihui Zhi Jing Shen Shizhao Li junhu yao Xiaojun Yang College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shan Xi Normal University

Background： Insulin-like factor 2（IGF2） plays an important role in embryonic growth process by modulating intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation. Folic acid is involved in one carbon metabolism and contributes to DNA methylation which is related to gene expression. The purpose of this study was to explore whether folic acid could regulate IGF2 expression via epigenetic mechanism and further promote embryonic growth of new-hatched ***： In the present study, 360 fertile eggs were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments. On11 embryonic day of incubation（E11）, 0, 50, 100 and 150 μg folic acid were injected into eggs *** hatched, growth performance of broilers were calculated. Hepatic IGF2 expression, methylation level and chromatin structure of promoter region were ***： Results have showed that IGF2 expression was up-regulated in 150 μg folic acid group（P 〈 0.05） and other two dose of folic acid did not affect gene expression（P 〉 0.05）. Meanwhile, methylation level of IGF2 promoter were lower in 100 and 150 μg groups, which was consistent with lower expression of DNA methyltransferase1（DNMT1）（P 〈 0.05）. What＇s more, chromatin looseness of IGF2 promoter was higher in 150 μg group than control group（P 〈 0.05）. Further, birth weight（BW）, liver and bursa index of new-hatched chickens in 150 μg folic acid group were higher than the other groups（P 〈 0.05）. There were positive correlations between hepatic IGF2 expression and BW and organs index（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion： In conclusion, our data have demonstrated that 150 μg folic acid injection on E11 could up-regulate IGF2 expression by modulating DNA hypomethylation and improving chromatin accessibility in the gene promoter region,and ulteriorly facilitate embryonic growth and organ development of broilers.

关键词： Broiler Chromatin structure Folic acid Insulin-like growth factor 2 Methylation

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