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Pathways toward wearable and high-performance sensors based on hydrogels:toughening networks and conductive networks

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 286-306页

作者： junbo zhu Jingchen Tao Wei Yan Weixing Song Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University

Wearable hydrogel sensors provide a user-friendly option for wearable electronics and align well with the existing manufacturing strategy for connecting and communicating with large numbers of Internet of Things devices.This is attributed to their components and structures,which exhibit exceptional adaptability,scalability,bio-compatibility,and self-healing properties,reminiscent of human skin.This review focuses on the recent research on principal structural elements of wearable hydrogels:toughening networks and conductive networks,highlighting the strategies for enhancing mechanical and electrical properties.Wearable hydrogel sensors are categorized for an extensive exploration of their composition,mechanism,and design approach.This review provides a comprehensive understanding of wearable hydrogels and offers guidance for the design of components and structures in order to develop high-performance wearable hydrogel sensors.

关键词： hydrogels electronic skin toughening networks conductive networks wearable sensors

Simultaneous microwave characterization of wafer-level optoelectronic transceiver chips based on photonic sampling and mapping

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 337-338页

作者： Yutong HE Xinhai ZOU Ying XU Zhihui LI Naidi CUI junbo FENG Yali ZHANG Zhiyao ZHANG Shangjian ZHANG Yong LIU Ninghua zhu Research Center for Microwave Photonics State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chongqing United Microelectronics Center (CUMEC) Xiongan Institute of Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photonic integrated circuits(PICs) promise future parallelism growths of high-performance communication, computation, and offer unprecedented bandwidth scalability with reduced power consumption as a viable replacement for an electrical wire with an optoelectronic transceiver consisting of a transmitter and a receiver integrated on the same wafer.

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Leaching kinetics of fluorine during the aluminum removal from spent Li-ion battery cathode materials

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 312-325页

作者： Shengjie Li Jianxin zhu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and Lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled materials,so Al removal is crucially important to conform to the industrial standard of spent Li-ion battery cathode materials.In this work,we systematically investigated the leaching process and optimum conditions associated with Al removal from the cathode powder materials collected in a wet cathode-powder peeling and recycling production line of spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Moreover,we specifically studied the leaching of fluorine(F)synergistically happened along with the removal process of Al,which was not concerned about in other studies,but one of the key factors affecting pollution prevention in the recovery process.The mechanism of the whole process including the leaching of Al and F from the cathode powder was indicated by using NMR,FTIR,and XPS,and a defluoridation process was preliminarily investigated in this study.The leaching kinetics of Al could be successfully described by the shrinking core model,controlled by the diffusion process and the activation energy was 11.14 kJ/mol.While,the leaching of F was attributed to the dissolution of LiPF6and decomposition of PVDF,and the kinetics associated was described by Avrami model.The interaction of Al and F is advantageous to realize the defluoridation to some degree.It is expected that our investigation will provide theoretical support for the large-scale recycling of spent LIBs.

关键词： Al removal F leaching Cathode powder Heating alkali leaching Leaching kinetics

Electron beam lithography on nonplanar and irregular surfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 1-23页

作者： Chenxu zhu Huseyin Ekinci Aixi Pan Bo Cui Xiaoli zhu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology(WIN) University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in size.However,alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and development processes are required to optimize the lithography procedure on irregular surfaces.In this review,we summarize the state of the art in nanofabrication on irregular substrates using e-beam lithography.To overcome these challenges,unconventional methods have been developed.For instance,polymeric and nonpolymeric materials can be sprayed or evaporated to form uniform layers of electron-sensitive materials on irregular substrates.Moreover,chemical bonds can be applied to help form polymer brushes or self-assembled monolayers on these surfaces.In addition,thermal oxides can serve as resists,as the etching rate in solution changes after e-beam exposure.Furthermore,e-beam lithography tools can be combined with cryostages,evaporation systems,and metal deposition chambers for sample development and lift-off while maintaining low temperatures.Metallic nanopyramids can be fabricated on an AFM tip by utilizing ice as a positive resistor.Additionally,Ti/Au caps can be patterned around a carbon nanotube.Moreover,3D nanostructures can be formed on irregular surfaces by exposing layers of anisole on organic ice surfaces with a focused e-beam.These advances in e-beam lithography on irregular substrates,including uniform film coating,instrumentation improvement,and new pattern transferring method development,substantially extend its capabilities in the fabrication and application of nanoscale structures.

关键词： lithography beam coating

Wood of trees:Cellular structure,molecular formation,and genetic engineering

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 443-467页

作者： Yingying zhu Laigeng Li State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature,making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing.Additionally,wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants.Nevertheless,with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization,forest coverage has been substantially decreased,resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply.Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests.Thus,understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality,fast-growing plantation trees.Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many.Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular,genetic,and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation,and considerable progress and findings have been achieved.These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement.This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation,as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees,and address future development prospects.

关键词： cambium cell wall Populus wood formation xylem

Compositional evolution for mixed aerosols containing gluconic acid and typical nitrate and the effect of multiply factors on hygroscopicity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 206-216页

作者： Yue zhu Shufeng Pang Yunhong Zhang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The aging process of atmospheric aerosols usually leads to a mixture of inorganic salts and organic compounds of anthropogenic origin.In organic compounds,polyhydroxy organic acids are important components,however,the study on composition and hygroscopic properties of the mixture containing inorganics and polyhydroxy organic acids is scanty.In this study,gluconic acid,the proxy of polyhydroxy organic acids,is mixed with the representative nitrate(Mg(NO_(3))_(2),Ca(NO_(3))_(2))to form aerosols.ATR-FTIR and optical microscopy are employed to study the component changes and hygroscopicity as a function of relative humidity.As relative humidity fluctuates,the FTIR-ATR spectra display that the internal mixed gluconic acid(CH_(2)(CH)_(4)(OH)_(5)COOH)and nitrate can react to release acidic gases,forming relevant gluconate and further affecting the hygroscopicity.The specific presentation is particles cannot be recovered to their original size after the dehydration-hydration process and there will be some disparities in GF for mixed particles.For the gluconic acid-Ca(NO_(3))_(2)/Mg(NO_(3))_(2)mixtures with molar ratios of 1:1,higher degree of reaction resulting in the production of large amounts of gluconate should be responsible to the lower hygroscopicity compared to ZSR model.For 1:2 gluconic acid-nitrate mixed systems(with higher nitrate content),the hygroscopicity of mixtures are higher than the ZSR prediction.A possible reason could be‘salt-promoting effect’on the organic fractions of the surplus inorganic salt in the mixture.These data can improve the chemical composition list evaluation,in turn hygroscopic properties and phase state of atmospheric aerosol,and then the climate effect.

关键词： Hygroscopicity Gluconic acid Reaction ZSR simulation Size growth factors

Controllable chemical redox reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 428-445页

作者： Bin Chen Jiang Xu Lizhong zhu College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Agriculture&Forest University Lin'an 311300China

Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring.While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function,coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green,economic,and efficient remediation of contaminated sites.Hence,this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation,mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants.The rational design of materials structure,selective generation of reactive oxygen species,and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation.Meanwhile,current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants(i.e.,dechlorination,defluorination,-NO_(2) reduction)is introduced.Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites,several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view.This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.

关键词： Soil remediation Groundwater remediation Rational design Reactive species Environmental nanotechnology

Structure and ion transport properties of organic ionic compounds revealed by NMR

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第2期4卷 2-12页

作者： Haijin zhu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyShantou515063China

Organic ionic plastic crystals(OIPCs)are emerging as an important material family for solid-state electrolytes and many other applications.They have significant advantages over conventional electrolyte materials,such as high ionic conductivity,non-flammability,and plasticity.Various nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy techniques including solid-state NMR,pulsed-field gradient(PFG)NMR,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)etc.,provide us a versatile toolkit to understand the fundamental level structures,molecular dynamics,and ionic interactions in these materials.This article reviews the commonly used NMR methods including solid-and solution-state NMR,PFG-NMR,dynamic nuclear polarization(DNP)and the application of these methods in revealing the microscopic level structures and ion-transport mechanisms in OIPC materials.

关键词： NMR Electrolyte Organic ionic plastic crystals Defects Diffusion Microstructure

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扣件参数对小半径曲线钢轨波磨的影响

表面技术 2024年第1期53卷 78-86,95页

作者：朱琪谢俊张威庹军波重庆工商大学制造装备机构设计与控制重庆市重点实验室重庆400067 重庆工商大学机械工程学院重庆400054

目的研究扣件参数对小半径曲线钢轨波磨的影响,获得抑制钢轨波磨的有效措施。方法建立小半径曲线DTVI2扣件的轮轨系统有限元模型,对扣件系统进行实体化建模,考虑轨下垫板之间的接触情况,同时模拟扣件系统中弹条预紧作用。采用复特征... 详细信息

目的研究扣件参数对小半径曲线钢轨波磨的影响,获得抑制钢轨波磨的有效措施。方法建立小半径曲线DTVI2扣件的轮轨系统有限元模型,对扣件系统进行实体化建模,考虑轨下垫板之间的接触情况,同时模拟扣件系统中弹条预紧作用。采用复特征值分析和瞬时动态分析研究轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动特性,并将预测结果与现场测试结果对比,揭示该区段钢轨波磨产生的原因。最后开展轨下垫板材料属性以及扣件结构参数的影响分析,获得其对钢轨波磨的影响。结果轮轨间饱和蠕滑力引起轮轨系统发生频率为500Hz的不稳定振动,会导致波长为30 mm的钢轨波磨。轨下垫板杨氏模量在10~50 MPa区间,等效阻尼比先从-0.015 2减小到-0.016 9又增大到-0.014 2;阻尼系数在0~0.000 1区间内,等效阻尼比从-0.016 9增大到-0.010 2;轨下垫板泊松比的变化没有引起系统等效阻尼比发生明显的变化;扣件间距在575~675 mm区间内,等效阻尼比从-0.016 3降低到-0.019 0;等效阻尼比随着弹条预紧力的增大而增大。结论选取合适的轨下垫板杨氏模量可以减轻由轮轨摩擦自激振动导致的钢轨波磨;提高阻尼系数对轮轨系统的自激振动具有较强的抑制作用;而轨下垫板的泊松比对钢轨波磨的影响较小;适当减小扣件间距可以略微降低钢轨波磨的产生趋势;增大弹簧预紧力可以抑制由轮轨系统摩擦自激振动导致的钢轨波磨。

关键词：钢轨波磨摩擦自激振动扣件结构弹条预紧力数值仿真