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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： muhammad junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Lifetime Estimation Based on Surface Degradation and Characterization of HTV Silicone-rubber Based Composites for HVAC and HVDC Transmission

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 751-758页

作者： Rahmat Ullah muhammad akbar Faculty of Electrical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TecnologyTopi23460 Pakistan

In this paper,six different types of silicone rubberbased composites were investigated for applications in high voltage insulation through multi-stress accelerated aging conducted for a period of 5000 h both under AC and DC *** main goal of this study was lifetime prediction of HTV-SR based composites at a typical multi-stress aging *** diagnostic techniques such as hydrophobicity assessment,leakage current measurement and FTIR were incorporated to assess the *** an outcome of this investigation,all the five hybrid samples were found as quite resistant to aging while the neat sample was comparatively,less resistant to the ***,among the studied samples,TS2 and TS4 appeared to have shown the highest resistance to aging giving a service life of 43.2 and 42 years,respectively under AC *** DC stress the order of merit of investigated samples was identical to that of AC stress but having marginally less life spans.

关键词： ATH hydrophobicity classification leakage current life time prediction multi-stress accelerated aging silica

Composite insulators and their aging: An overview

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2007年第6期50卷 697-713页

作者： muhammad AMIN muhammad akbar muhammad SALMAN University of Engineering and Technology

The aging (biological deterioration) is a major problem of composite insulators now-a-days. The main thing in aging is to predict how, when and with what speed it occurs and under what conditions it can lead to failure and what overall average expected life of a composite insulator is. For this a lot of researches have been done. This review summarizes the methods of artificial field testing (aging), natural testing, standards the developed for aging, techniques of analysis, results achieved until now about various parameters from various locations, handling guidelines and a conclusion on what is further needed.

关键词： polymeric insulators, aging, composite, SEM

iRNA-PseTNC:identification of RNA 5-methylcytosine sites using hybrid vector space of pseudo nucleotide composition

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2020年第2期14卷 451-460页

作者： Shahid akbar Maqsood HAYAT muhammad IQBAL muhammad TAHIR Department of Computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University MardanKP 23200Pakistan

RNA 5-methylcytosine(m^5C)sites perform a major role in numerous biological processes and commonly reported in both DNA and RNA *** enzymatic mechanism and biological functions of m^5C sites in DNA remain the focusing area of researchers for last few ***,the investigators also targeted m^5C sites in RNA due to its cellular functions,positioning and formation ***,several rudimentary roles of the m^5C in RNA have been explored,but a lot of improvements are still under ***,the identification of RNA methylcytosine sites was carried out via experimental methods,which were very hard,erroneous and time consuming owing to partial availability of recognized *** at the significance of m^5C role in RNA,scientists have diverted their attention from structure to sequence-based *** this regards,an intelligent computational model is proposed in order to identify m^5C sites in RNA with high *** RNA sequences formulation methods namely:pseudo dinucleotide composition,pseudo trinucleotide composition and pseudo tetra nucleotide composition are applied to extract variant and high profound numerical *** a sequel,the vector spaces are fused to build a hybrid space in order to compensate the weakness of each *** learning hypotheses are examined to select the best operational engine,which can truly identify the pattern of the target *** strength and generalization of the proposed model are measured using two different cross validation *** reported outcomes reveal that the proposed model achieved 3%better accuracy than that of the highest present approach in the literature so far.

关键词： methylcytosine sites PseTNC PseTetraNC hybrid features SVM cross validation test

Graphene Nanosheets Decorated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第6期38卷 1518-1525页

作者： Samavia RAFIQ Zulfiqar Ali RAZA muhammad ASLAM muhammad junaid BAKHTIYAR Department of Applied Sciences National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan

Textile industries extensively use colorants,such as methylene blue,and if disposed off untreated,they contaminate the effluent streams,causing a severe impact on the environment and aquatic *** degradation has been found as an inevitable approach to treat ***,we decorated the copper oxide nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets during the reflux *** resultant copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites were analyzed for structural and functional *** was observed that on increasing the copper oxide contents,the z-average size of the resultant nanocomposites *** X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature of the *** surface morphology of the copper oxide nanoparticles appeared to be spherical and that of the copper oxide/graphene composite somehow *** infrared analysis indicated successful intercalation of precursors in the *** bandgap of copper oxide/graphene nanocomposites varied in the range of 1.03—1.30 eV,which indicated their effective photocatalytic *** results demonstrated that after 120 min of exposure,the methylene blue removal efficiency reached 94.0%,92.2%,and 89.4%(mass fraction)on the copper oxide/graphene nanocomposite at copper oxide nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets ratios of 1:1,1.5:1,and 2:1(mass ratio),*** photodegradation performance of the prepared nano-catalyst was found satisfactory even after five cycles.

关键词： Copper oxide Graphene nanosheet Methylene blue Photocatalysis

Applications of Decision Support System:A Case Study of Solanaceous Vegetables

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 331-352页

作者： muhammad Saqib muhammad akbar Anjum Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan

Crop simulation models constitute the major proportion in decision support systems.A large number of crop models have been developed for potato and few for tomato and *** the literature,thirty three crop models have been reported to simulate potato,nine for tomato and six for *** of these models dealt with the climate change scenario and others with the crop management practices such as sowing time,irrigation,nitrogen,and insect-pests *** most evaluated and applied models for potato include;SUBSTOR,and LINTUL-Potato,whereas CROPGRO-tomato model is the most tested and applied for *** AQUACROP is the most widely used model to simulate the water *** CROPGRO model has been tested for elevated temperatures and CO_(2) under greenhouse conditions for *** tomato and peppers,almost similar models have been applied for field conditions as well as under greenhouse environments with some *** dynamics has been widely tested by employing the EU-Rotate-N model for tomato and *** studies dealing with changing climate conditions are rare in potato and are not found for tomato and *** modify potato,tomato and peppers models for climate impact studies,it is required that they are(a)calibrated and evaluated with new cultivars under various agro-environmental conditions and(b)assessed under varying field conditions under changing climates and crop management practices,including temperature increases,water and nutrient management and their *** comprehensive model studies and modifications need a collaborative international effort and a multi-year,large scale field research studies on potato,tomato and peppers.

关键词： Crop growth models management issues simulation modeling Solanaceae

ROBO-SPOT:Detecting Robocalls by Understanding User Engagement and Connectivity Graph

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 340-356页

作者： muhammad Ajmal Azad junaid Arshad Farhan Riaz College of Comnputer Science Birmingham City UniversityBirminghamB55JUUK School of Computer Science University of LincolnLincolnLN67TSUK

Robo or unsolicited calls have become a persistent issue in telecommunication networks,posing significant challenges to individuals,businesses,and regulatory *** calls not only trick users into disclosing their private and financial information,but also affect their productivity through unwanted phone ringing.A proactive approach to identify and block such unsolicited calls is essential to protect users and service providers from potential ***,this paper proposes a solution to identify robo-callers in the telephony network utilising a set of novel features to evaluate the trustworthiness of callers in a *** trust score of the callers is then used along with machine learning models to classify them as legitimate or *** use a large anonymized dataset(call detailed records)from a large telecommunication provider containing more than 1 billion records collected over 10 *** have conducted extensive evaluation demonstrating that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy and detection rate whilst minimizing the error ***,the proposed features when used collectively achieve a true-positive rate of around 97%with a false-positive rate of less than 0.01%.

关键词： social network analysis reputation unwanted calls robo-callers telephone network Spam Over Internet Technology(SPIT)

Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 245-256页

作者： Hilal Ahmad Khan muhammad Zishan Ahmad junaid Ali Khan muhammad Imran Arshad Institute of Microbiology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Pharmacy Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Pathology The University of Faisalabad (TUF) Faisalabad Pakistan

BACKGROUND： Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic *** SOURCES： The data of mouse hepatic models and rele- vant human liver diseases presented in this review are system- atically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS： The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CC14, acetaminophen or alcohol represent ne- crotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, for- mation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-a induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrat- ed the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The a-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-a. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-a, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly（I：C） induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-a signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune ceils and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis （HBV, HCV）, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcohol- ic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS： The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel appro

关键词： liver immunobiology hepatitis therapy mode of cell death

From Molecular Pathology of COVID-19 to Nigella Sativum as a Treatment Option:Scientific Based Evidence of Its Myth or Reality

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第1期28卷 88-95页

作者： muhammad Atif Farrah Naz junaid Akhtar muhammad Imran Sidrah Saleem Javed Akram muhammad Imran muhammad Ikram Ullah Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka(75471)Saudi Arabia Department of Microbiology Government College UniversityFaisalabad(38000)Pakistan Department of Microbiology University of Health SciencesLahore(54600)Pakistan Department of Allied Health Sciences Sargodha Medical CollegeUniversity of SargodhaSargodha(40100)Pakistan University of Health Sciences Lahore(54600)Pakistan University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Allied Health SciencesThe University of LahoreLahore(54590)Pakistan

COVID-19 virus is a causative agent of viral pandemic in human beings which specifically targets respiratory system of humans and causes viral *** unusual viral pneumonia is rapidly spreading to all parts of the world,currently affecting about 105 million people with 2.3 million *** review described history,genomic characteristics,replication,and pathogenesis of COVID-19 with special emphasis on Nigella sativum(***)as a treatment *** seeds are historically and religiously used over the centuries,both for prevention and treatment of different *** review summarizes the potential role of *** seeds against COVID-19 infection at levels of in silico,cell lines and animal models.

关键词： coronavirus nCoV-19 COVID-19 Nigella sativum review