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Maternal weight and its association with risk of overweight in offspring:a trajectory analysis from a birth cohort in China

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 496-505页

作者： Rui Deng Wei-Qin Li Xing-Xiu Li Liu-Mei Wei Jie Hu jun-hong leng Bin Dong Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterNo.38 Xueyuan RdHaidian DistrictBeijing100191China Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center No.96 Guizhou RdHeping DistrictTianjin300070China Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversityNathanQLD4111Australia

Background Most studies on the association of maternal pregnancy weight with offspring weight trajectory have a short follow-up *** study aimed to explore the associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain(GWG)with childhood weight trajectories in a 7-year birth *** A total of 946 mother–child pairs(467 boys and 479 girls)from a longitudinal birth cohort in Tianjin City,China,were included in this study,ranging from pregnancy to offspring at 7 *** outcome variable was defined as overweight or not overweight in offspring at the last round.A group-based trajectory model was applied to identify childhood BMI trajectory *** Five discrete BMI trajectory groups were identified and characterized as constant underweight(25.2%),constant normal weight(42.8%),and high or increasing trajectory[at risk of overweight(16.9%),progressive overweight(11.0%)and progressive obesity(4.1%)].Maternal prepregnancy overweight was associated with 1.72(95%CI 1.14–2.60,P=0.01)to 4.02(95%CI 1.94–8.36,P<0.001)times the risk of all high or increasing trajectory groups,and excessive GWG was related to groups at risk of overweight[relative risk ratio(RRR)2.09,95%CI 1.27–3.46,P=0.004]and progressive obesity(RRR 3.33,95%CI 1.13–9.79,P=0.029).Children in all high or increasing trajectory groups were associated with greater overweight risk at the last round[risk ratios(RRs)ranged from 3.54(95%CI 2.53–4.95,P<0.001)to 6.18(95%CI 4.05–9.42,P<0.001)].Conclusion Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with increasing or high-level childhood body mass index trajectories as well as a greater risk of overweight at 7 years.

关键词： Body-weight trajectory Child Gestational weight gain Overweight Pregnancy

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Effectiveness of urban distributed runoff model for discharge and water depth calculation in urban drainage pipe networks

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第3期36卷 582-591页

作者： Yang Zhou Yi-ling leng Peng-yu Wang Shang-hong Zhang Yu-long Zhu Yu-jun Yi School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Effective urban land-use re-planning and the strategic arrangement of drainage pipe networks can significantly enhance urban flood defense *** at reducing the potential risks of urban flooding,this paper presents a straightforward and efficient approach to an urban distributed runoff model(UDRM).The model is developed to quantify the discharge and water depth within urban drainage pipe networks under varying rainfall intensities and land-use *** Nash efficiency coefficient of UDRM exceeds 0.9,which indicates its high computational efficiency and potential benefit in predicting urban *** prediction of drainage conditions under both current and re-planned land-use types is achieved by adopting different flood recurrence *** findings reveal that the re-planned land-use strategies could effectively diminish flood risk upstream of the drainage pipe network across 20-year and 50-year flood recurrence ***,in the case of extreme rainfall events(a 100-year flood recurrence),the re-planned land-use approach fell short of fulfilling the requirements necessary for flood disaster *** these instances,the adoption of larger-diameter drainage pipes becomes an essential requisite to satisfy drainage ***,the proposed UDRM effectively combines land-use information with pipeline data to give practical suggestions for pipeline modification and land-use optimization to combat urban ***,this methodology warrants further promotion in the field of urban re-planning.

关键词： Stormwater runoff water depth urban distributed runoff model urban drainage pipe networks urban land-use re-planning

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Effect of Mo and ZrO_(2)nanoparticles addition on interfacial properties and shear strength of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第8期34卷 2619-2628页

作者： Amares SINGH Hui leng CHOO Wei hong TAN Rajkumar DURAIRAJ School of Engineering Faculty of Innovation&TechnologyTaylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya47500SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering&Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis(UniMAP)Pauh Putra Campus02600 ArauPerlisMalaysia Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJalan Sungai LongBandar Sungai Long43000 KajangSelangorMalaysia

The influence of Mo and ZrO_(2)nanoparticles addition on the interfacial properties and shear strength of Sn58Bi solder joint was *** interfacial microstructures of Sn58Bi/Cu,Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu and Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder joints were analysed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)coupled with energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)and the X-ray diffraction(XRD).Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)of MoSn_(2)are detected in the Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu solder joint,while SnZr,Zr_(5)Sn_(3),ZrCu and ZrSn_(2)are detected in Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder *** layers for both composite solders comprise of Cu_(6)Sn_(5) and Cu_(3)*** SEM images of these layers were used to measure the IMC layer’s *** average IMC layer’s thickness is 1.4431μm for Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu and 0.9112μm for Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder *** strength of the solder joints was investigated via the single shear lap test *** average maximum load and shear stress of the Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu and Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder joints are increased by 33%and 69%,respectively,as compared to those of the Sn58Bi/Cu solder *** comparing both composite solder joints,the latter prevails better as adding smaller sized ZrO_(2)nanoparticles improves the interfacial properties granting a stronger solder joint.

关键词： lead-free solder interfacial microstructure IMC layer thickness shear strength dislocation density ZrO_(2)nanoparticles Mo nanoparticles

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Determining beam transverse absolute position by triangulation of multi-electrode signal phase differences

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 38-47页

作者： Xing Yang hong‑Shuang Wang Yi‑Mei Zhou Yong‑Bin leng Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

Accurate measurement of the transverse position of a beam is crucial in particle accelerators because it plays a key role in determining the beam *** methods for beam-position measurement rely on the detection of image currents induced on electrodes or narrow-band wake field induced by a beam passing through a cavity-type ***,these methods have *** indirect measurement of multiple parameters is computationally complex,requiring external calibration to determine the system parameters in ***,the utilization of the beam signal information is ***,this study proposes a novel method for measuring the absolute electron beam transverse *** utilizing the geometric relationship between the center position of the measured electron beam and multiple detection electrodes and by analyzing the differences in the arrival times of the beam signals detected by these electrodes,the absolute transverse position of the electron beam crossing the electrode plane can be *** method features absolute position measurement,a position sensitivity coefficient independent of vacuum chamber apertures,and no requirement for a symmetrical detector electrode *** feasibility of this method is validated through numerical simulations and beam experiments.

关键词： Electron beam bunch-by bunch diagnostics Bunch position measurement Triangulation method Bunch phase Bunch-by-bunch Transverse position Pickup signal

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Bunch-length measurement at a bunch-by-bunch rate based on time–frequency-domain joint analysis techniques and its application

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 165-175页

作者： hong-Shuang Wang Xing Yang Yong-Bin leng Yi-Mei Zhou Ji-Gang Wang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China

This paper presents a new technique for measuring the bunch length of a high-energy electron beam at a bunch-by-bunch rate in storage *** technique uses the time–frequency-domain joint analysis of the bunch signal to obtain bunch-by-bunch and turn-by-turn longitudinal parameters,such as bunch length and synchronous *** bunch signal is obtained using a button electrode with a bandwidth of several *** data acquisition device was a high-speed digital oscilloscope with a sampling rate of more than 10 GS/s,and the single-shot sampling data buffer covered thousands of *** bunch-length and synchronous phase information were extracted via offline calculations using Python *** calibration coefficient of the system was determined using a commercial streak ***,this technique was tested on two different storage rings and successfully captured various longitudinal transient processes during the harmonic cavity debugging process at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF),and longitudinal instabilities were observed during the single-bunch accumulation process at Hefei Light Source(HLS).For Gaussian-distribution bunches,the uncertainty of the bunch phase obtained using this technique was better than 0.2 ps,and the bunch-length uncertainty was better than 1 *** dynamic range exceeded 10 *** technology is a powerful and versatile beam diagnostic tool that can be conveniently deployed in high-energy electron storage rings.

关键词： Bunch-by-bunch diagnostic Bunch-length measurement Synchronous phase measurement Joint time–frequency-domain analysis Longitudinal instability

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Stable,intense supercontinuum light generation at 1 kHz by electric field assisted femtosecond laser filamentation in air

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 354-365页

作者： Yaoxiang Liu Fukang Yin Tie-jun Wang Yuxin leng Ruxin Li Zhizhan Xu See Leang Chin State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Centre d’Optique Photonique et Laser(COPL)and Département de physiquede génie physique et d’optiqueUniversitéLavalQuébecQuébecCanada

Supercontinuum(SC)light source has advanced ultrafast laser spectroscopy in condensed matter science,biology,physics,and *** to the frequently used photonic crystal fibers and bulk materials,femtosecond laser filamentation in gases is damage-immune for supercontinuum generation.A bottleneck problem is the strong jitters from filament induced self-heating at kHz repetition rate *** demonstrated stable kHz supercontinuum generation directly in air with multiple mJ level pulse *** was achieved by applying an external DC electric field to the air plasma *** pointing jitters of the 1 kHz air filament induced SC light were reduced by more than 2 *** stabilized high repetition rate laser filament offers the opportunity for stable intense SC generation and its applications in air.

关键词： intense repetition light

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Corrosion behavior of pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H SS and GH3535)in liquid GaInSn

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 70-83页

作者： Jian-Hui Yu hong-Xia Xu Xiang-Xi Ye Bin leng Han-Xun Qiu Xing-Tai Zhou School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were *** aim was to evaluate the corrosion performance and select a suitable candidate material for use as a molten salt manometer diaphragm in thermal energy storage *** results indicated that the alloys(316H SS and GH3535)exhibited less corrosion than pure metals(Ni and Ti)in liquid ***-rich binary intermetallic compounds were found to form on the surfaces of all the tested metal materials exposed to liquid GaInSn,as a result of the decomposition of liquid GaInSn and its reaction with the constituent elements of the metal *** corrosion mechanism for all the tested materials exposed to liquid GaInSn was also investigated and proposed,which may aid in selecting the optimal candidate material when liquid GaInSn is used as the pressure-sensing medium.

关键词： Metal materials Liquid GaInSn Corrosion Intermetallic compounds Thermal energy storage systems

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Thermal pretreatment of willow branches impacts yield and pore development of activated carbon in subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) via modifying cellulose structure

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 227-237页

作者： Linghui Kong Chao Li Runxing Sun Shu Zhang Yi Wang jun Xiang Song Hu Dong Wang Chuanjun leng Xun Hu School of Material Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Shandong BASAN Graphite New Material Plant Zibo 255311China

Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the *** pretreatment of biomass could induce dehydration and/or aromatization to change the structure of cellulose/*** might interfere with evolution of structures of AC,which was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of willow branch(WB)from 200 to 360℃and the subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) at 550℃.The results showed that thermal pretreatment at 360℃(WB-360)could lead to substantial pyrolysis to form biochar,with a yield of 31.9%,accompanying with nearly complete destruction of cellulose crystals and remarkably enhanced aromatic ***,cellulose residual in WB-360 could still be activated to form AC-360 with specific surface area of 1837.9 m~2·g^(-1),which was lower than that in AC from activation of untreated WB(AC-blank,2077.8 m~2·g^(-1)).Nonetheless,the AC-200 from activation of WB-200 had more developed pores(2113.9 m~2·g^(-1))and superior capability for adsorption of phenol,due to increased permeability of ZnCl_(2) to the largely intact cellulose structure in *** thermal pretreatment did increase diameters of micropores of AC but reduced the overall yield of AC(26.8%for AC-blank versus 18.0%for AC-360),resulting from accelerated cracking but reduced intensity of ***-situ infrared characterization of the activation showed that ZnCl_(2) mainly catalyzed dehydration,dehydrogenation,condensation,and aromatization but not cracking,suppressing the formation of derivatives of cellulose and lignin in *** thermal pretreatment formed phenolic-OH and C=O with higher chemical innerness,which changed the reaction network in activation,shifting morphology of fibrous structures in AC-blank to“melting surface”in AC-200 or AC-280.

关键词： Thermal pretreatment Activation with ZnCl_(2) Willow branch Activated carbon Biochar

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High power tunable Raman fiber laser at 1.2μm waveband

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 1-8页

作者： Yang Zhang Jiangming Xu junrui Liang jun Ye Sicheng Li Xiaoya Ma Zhiyong Pan Jinyong leng Pu Zhou College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Nanhu Laser Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Development of a high power fiber laser at special waveband,which is difficult to achieve by conventional rare-earth-doped fibers,is a significant *** of the most common methods for achieving lasing at special wavelength is Raman ***-doped fiber(PDF),due to the phosphorus-related large frequency shift Raman peak at 40 THz,is a great choice for large frequency shift Raman ***,by adopting 150 m large mode area triple-clad PDF as Raman gain medium,and a novel wavelength-selective feedback mechanism to suppress the silica-related Raman emission,we build a high power cladding-pumped Raman fiber laser at 1.2μm waveband.A Raman signal with power up to 735.8 W at 1252.7 nm is *** the best of our knowledge,this is the highest output power ever reported for fiber lasers at 1.2μm ***,by tuning the wavelength of the pump source,a tunable Raman output of more than 450 W over a wavelength range of 1240.6–1252.7 nm is *** work proves PDF’s advantage in high power large frequency shift Raman conversion with a cladding pump scheme,thus providing a good solution for a high power laser source at special waveband.

关键词： Phosphosilicate fiber Raman fiber laser 1.2μm waveband Wavelength tunable

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水力压裂延迟活化断层的多场耦合数值模拟研究——以加拿大福克斯溪地区诱发地震为例

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地震学报 2024年第3期46卷 394-412页

作者：冷虹胡隽成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室成都610059 成都理工大学数学地质四川省重点实验室成都610059 牛津大学地球科学系英国牛津OX13AN

加拿大西部盆地的福克斯溪(Fox Creek)页岩气开采区自压裂开采以来,地震频度急剧增加,引发工业界和科学界的广泛关注。目前一些典型诱发地震案例的断层活化动力学机制尚未完全厘清。本文以2014年初福克斯溪地区Duvernay地层附近发生的... 详细信息

加拿大西部盆地的福克斯溪(Fox Creek)页岩气开采区自压裂开采以来,地震频度急剧增加,引发工业界和科学界的广泛关注。目前一些典型诱发地震案例的断层活化动力学机制尚未完全厘清。本文以2014年初福克斯溪地区Duvernay地层附近发生的地震群及构造为研究对象,开展地下断层受流体扰动而活化的多场耦合数值模拟研究。文中重点讨论的1号平台附近发生的诱发地震主要沿着两个较为清晰的发震断层发生,最大震级M_(W)3.9事件发生于压裂井下方约1 km处的结晶基底内,并具有典型的延迟触发特点。本文就上述断层的滞后活化现象开展数值模拟研究。首先,基于PKN裂缝扩展模型计算并验证注入流体的应力扰动输入项,根据地震数据识别出断层的具体位置,结合地层和构造信息建立二维地质模型;然后,耦合固体力学、流体渗流定律和断层活化理论搭建多孔弹性介质内的断层活化数值仿真模型;最后,采用有限元方法数值模拟水力压裂活化断层的全过程,通过计算库仑应力改变量(ΔCFS)的值来观测断层活化前后的流固耦合场和应力应变场的演化特征。结果表明,经过5天注水和15天扩散的流体作用,西断层附近的ΔCFS持续增加,验证西断层延迟活化的主要成因是流体逐渐扩散累积到结晶基底并改变了其应力状态。此外,模拟结果表明东断层的存在使得西断层更容易活化。断层位错产生的正ΔCFS区域与诱发地震发生位置高度吻合。本文的数值模拟研究重现了水力压裂活化断层的物理过程,相关机制的正演分析若能事先开展,将可能为地震危害性预测提供科学依据。

关键词：多场耦合数值模拟断层延迟活化库仑应力水力压裂诱发地震

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