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The Role of Occipitotemporal Network for Speed-Reading:An fMRI Study

Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第9期40卷 1261-1273页

作者： Dexin Sun Zhilin Zhang Naoya Oishi Qi Dai Dinh Ha Duy Thuy Nobuhito Abe jun tachibana Shintaro Funahashi Jinglong Wu Toshiya Murai Hidenao Fukuyama Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Psychiatry Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Medial Innovation Center Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Human Brain Research Center Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Kokoro Research Center Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Speed Reading Academy Kyoto600-8439Japan

The activity of occipitotemporal regions involved in linguistic reading processes,such as the ventral occipitotemporal cortex(vOT),is believed to exhibit strong interactions during higher-order language processing,specifically in the connectivity between the occipital gyrus and the temporal *** this study,we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)with psychophysiological interaction(PPI)and dynamic causal modeling(DCM)to investigate the functional and effective connectivity in the occipitotemporal network during speed *** conducted the experiment with native Japanese speakers who underwent and without speed-reading training and subsequently performed established reading tasks at different speeds(slow,medium,and fast)while undergoing 3-Tesla Siemens *** activation analyses revealed significant changes in occipital and temporal regions as reading speed increased,indicating functional connectivity within the occipitotemporal *** results further demonstrated more intricate effective connections and high involvement within the occipitotemporal pathway:(1)reading signals originated from the inferior occipital gyrus(iO),distributed to the vOT and the posterior superior temporal sulcus(pSTS),and then gathered in the anterior superior temporal sulcus(aSTS);(2)reading speed loads had modulation effects on the pathways from the aSTS to vOT and from the iO to *** findings highlight the complex connectivity and dynamic interactions within the occipitotemporal network during speed-reading processes.

关键词： Speed reading fMRI The occipitotemporal network Functional connectivity Effective connectivity

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Pathologic and Prognostic Outcomes of Very Low- and Low-Risk Prostate Cancer According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines in Japanese Patients with Radical Prostatectomy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第4期7卷 239-246页

作者： Issei Takizawa Makoto Ohori Yoshio Ohno jun Nakashima Rie Inoue Toshitaka Nagao Masaaki tachibana Department of Urology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan Department of Pathology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan

Background: The purpose of this study was to validate the treatment strategy for a cohort of Japanese patients with very low-risk (VLR) and low-risk (LR) prostate cancer according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Methods: We studied 751 patients with T1- 3N0M0 prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy at our institution between 2000 and 2012. Patients with neoadjuvant treatments were excluded. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathological outcomes for patients with VLR or LR prostate cancers that were classified by NCCN guidelines. Results: We identified 45 patients with VLR and 137 with LR prostate cancer. Non-biochemical recurrence rate at 5-year for 45 patients with VLR was 86.9% and 81.2% for 137 patients with LR (p = 0.56). However, none of the 19 patients >65 years old with VLR progressed, while 19% of 26 patients ≤65 years old with VLR cancer, 14% of patients >65 years old with LR cancer, and 17% of patients ≤65 years old with LR cancer progressed during the follow-up period (p = 0.04, p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively). In analyses of prostatectomy specimens, both VLR and LR had similarly favorable outcomes, but patients >65 years old with VLR had the smallest tumors, with a mean of 5 mm in diameter. Conclusions: Our results support the treatment strategy of the NCCN that patients with VLR cancer and age >65 years old are good candidates for active surveillance, and that other treatment options—including active surveillance and aggressive treatments—can be applied to the remaining patients with VLR or LR cancers.

关键词： Prostate Cancer NCCN Guideline Very Low-Risk Low-Risk Active Surveillance

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